851 research outputs found
Research on sea level rise due to global warming in the Nortwestern Pacific using a non-Boussinesq numerical model
To study the seawater volume change due to the warming of the oceans, this work adapts the Modular\ud
Ocean Model Version 4 (MOM4) oceanic general circulation model, which does not consider the Boussinesq\ud
approximation, to regional model. Simulation data of Climate Model 2.1 (CM2.1), the Hadley Center Coupled Climate\ud
Model 3 (HADCM3), and the Model for Interdisciplinary Research on Climate 3.2 (MIROC3.2), provided by the\ud
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), were used as initial and boundary values, and the Special Report\ud
on Emissions Scenarios (SRES) A1B and B1 were selected as the global warming scenarios. The Northwestern Pacific\ud
region, which includes Korea, was selected as the study area, and the Yellow Sea, which has a complex coastline, was\ud
expressed in detail by increasing the resolution. The average values of the results for the three experiments include a\ud
temperature/sea level increase of approximately 3 ??C/35 cm from 2000 to 2100 in SRES A1B, and approximately 2 ??C\ud
/27 cm in SRES B1. The East Sea experienced a larger change owing to the steric effect and showed a larger influence\ud
resulting from density changes as the temperature of the Tsushima Warm Current, which passes through the Korea\ud
Strait, increased. The result of the study that directly considered the steric effect predicted a higher sea level rise than\ud
that of indirect computation because the indirectly computed dynamic height was eliminated; sea level rise in a shallow\ud
area cannot be computed, and the unchanged volume serves as undersea pressure. Moreover, the Kuroshio Current,\ud
which is a major current in the Northwestern Pacific, showed a decrease in transport as global warming progressed.\ud
Despite the differences between models, a decrease of 4???5 SV in transport was observed for 2100; however, there was\ud
no notable change in the transport of the Tsushima Warm Current
Consistent perturbations in an imperfect fluid
We present a new prescription for analysing cosmological perturbations in a
more-general class of scalar-field dark-energy models where the energy-momentum
tensor has an imperfect-fluid form. This class includes Brans-Dicke models,
f(R) gravity, theories with kinetic gravity braiding and generalised galileons.
We employ the intuitive language of fluids, allowing us to explicitly maintain
a dependence on physical and potentially measurable properties. We demonstrate
that hydrodynamics is not always a valid description for describing
cosmological perturbations in general scalar-field theories and present a
consistent alternative that nonetheless utilises the fluid language. We apply
this approach explicitly to a worked example: k-essence non-minimally coupled
to gravity. This is the simplest case which captures the essential new features
of these imperfect-fluid models. We demonstrate the generic existence of a new
scale separating regimes where the fluid is perfect and imperfect. We obtain
the equations for the evolution of dark-energy density perturbations in both
these regimes. The model also features two other known scales: the Compton
scale related to the breaking of shift symmetry and the Jeans scale which we
show is determined by the speed of propagation of small scalar-field
perturbations, i.e. causality, as opposed to the frequently used definition of
the ratio of the pressure and energy-density perturbations.Comment: 40 pages plus appendices. v2 reflects version accepted for
publication in JCAP (new summary of notation, extra commentary on choice of
gauge and frame, extra references to literature
Game Theoretical Interactions of Moving Agents
Game theory has been one of the most successful quantitative concepts to
describe social interactions, their strategical aspects, and outcomes. Among
the payoff matrix quantifying the result of a social interaction, the
interaction conditions have been varied, such as the number of repeated
interactions, the number of interaction partners, the possibility to punish
defective behavior etc. While an extension to spatial interactions has been
considered early on such as in the "game of life", recent studies have focussed
on effects of the structure of social interaction networks.
However, the possibility of individuals to move and, thereby, evade areas
with a high level of defection, and to seek areas with a high level of
cooperation, has not been fully explored so far. This contribution presents a
model combining game theoretical interactions with success-driven motion in
space, and studies the consequences that this may have for the degree of
cooperation and the spatio-temporal dynamics in the population. It is
demonstrated that the combination of game theoretical interactions with motion
gives rise to many self-organized behavioral patterns on an aggregate level,
which can explain a variety of empirically observed social behaviors
Trust Building in Electronic Markets: Relative Importance and Interaction Effects of Trust Building Mechanisms
We examine the relative and complementary effectiveness of trust-building strategies in online environments. While prior research has examined various antecedents to trust, we investigated two trust-building mechanisms more in depth: Web site trust and vendor reputation. We tried to understand the relative effectiveness of these two important mechanisms to provide online businesses with a clear recommendation of how to establish trust in an effective and efficient manner. Drawing from the literature on trust, we proposed vendor reputation to be more effective than Web site trust. Moreover, we examined a potential complementary effect of these mechanisms so as to provide online businesses with a deeper understanding of how to derive superior trust. We hypothesize a small such effect. The study proposes a laboratory experiment to test the model
Search for sterile neutrino oscillation using RENO and NEOS data
We present a reactor model independent search for sterile neutrino
oscillation using 2\,509\,days of RENO near detector data and 180 days of NEOS
data. The reactor related systematic uncertainties are significantly suppressed
as both detectors are located at the same reactor complex of Hanbit Nuclear
Power Plant. The search is performed by electron
antineutrino\,() disappearance between six reactors and two
detectors with baselines of 294\,m\,(RENO) and 24\,m\,(NEOS). A spectral
comparison of the NEOS prompt-energy spectrum with a no-oscillation prediction
from the RENO measurement can explore reactor oscillations
to sterile neutrino. Based on the comparison, we obtain a 95\% C.L. excluded
region of \,eV. We also obtain a 68\% C.L. allowed
region with the best fit of \,eV and
=0.080.03 with a p-value of 8.2\%. Comparisons of
obtained reactor antineutrino spectra at reactor sources are made among RENO,
NEOS, and Daya Bay to find a possible spectral variation.Comment: 6 pages, 5 figures: This manuscript has been significantly revised by
the joint reanalysis by RENO and NEOS Collaborations. (In the previous
edition, the RENO collaboration used publicly available NEOS data to evaluate
the expected neutrino spectrum at NEOS.
Cosmological structure formation with clustering quintessence
We study large-scale structure formation in the presence of a quintessence
component with zero speed of sound in the framework of Eulerian Perturbation
Theory. Due to the absence of pressure gradients, quintessence and dark matter
are comoving and can be studied as a unique fluid in terms of the total energy
density contrast and the common velocity. In this description the clustering of
quintessence enhances the linear term proportional to the velocity divergence
in the continuity equation by a factor (1+w) Omega_Q / Omega_m. This is
responsible for a rapid evolution of the growth rate at low redshifts, and
modifies the standard relation between the velocity divergence and the growth
factor. For the total fluid, the solutions for the linear growth function and
growth rate can be written in integral forms and admit simple fitting formulae,
as in the LambdaCDM case. At second order in perturbation theory, we derive an
explicit expression for the kernels F_2 and G_2. They receive modifications of
the order of the ratio between quintessence and total energy density
perturbations, which affect the corresponding tree-level bispectra. We finally
compute the cumulative signal-to-noise in the power spectrum, bispectrum and
reduced bispectrum, expected for departures from a LambdaCDM cosmology both in
the clustering and smooth quintessence scenarios. The reduced bispectrum, in
particular, receives sensible modifications only in the clustering case and can
potentially be used to detect or rule out the model.Comment: 36 pages, 11 figures. Replaced to match published version. Two
figures added and minor revision
Molecular correlates of response to capmatinib in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer: clinical and biomarker results from a phase I trial
Background: Dysregulation of receptor tyrosine kinase MET by various mechanisms occurs in 3%–4% of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and is associated with unfavorable prognosis. While MET is a validated drug target in lung cancer, the best biomarker strategy for the enrichment of a susceptible patient population still remains to be defined. Towards this end we analyze here primary data from a phase I dose expansion study of the MET inhibitor capmatinib in patients with advanced MET-dysregulated NSCLC. Patients and methods: Eligible patients [≥18 years; Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status ≤2] with MET-dysregulated advanced NSCLC, defined as either (i) MET status by immunohistochemistry (MET IHC) 2+ or 3+ or H-score ≥150, or MET/centromere ratio ≥2.0 or gene copy number (GCN) ≥5, or (ii) epidermal growth factor receptor wild-type (EGFRwt) and centrally assessed MET IHC 3+, received capmatinib at the recommended dose of 400 mg (tablets) or 600 mg (capsules) b.i.d. The primary objective was to determine safety and tolerability; the key secondary objective was to explore antitumor activity. The exploratory end point was the correlation of clinical activity with different biomarker formats. Results: Of 55 patients with advanced MET-dysregulated NSCLC, 40/55 (73%) had received two or more prior systemic therapies. All patients discontinued treatment, primarily due to disease progression (69.1%). The median treatment dur
Search for lepton-flavor violation at HERA
A search for lepton-flavor-violating interactions and has been performed with the ZEUS detector using the entire HERA I
data sample, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 130 pb^{-1}. The data
were taken at center-of-mass energies, , of 300 and 318 GeV. No
evidence of lepton-flavor violation was found, and constraints were derived on
leptoquarks (LQs) that could mediate such interactions. For LQ masses below
, limits were set on , where
is the coupling of the LQ to an electron and a
first-generation quark , and is the branching ratio of
the LQ to the final-state lepton ( or ) and a quark . For
LQ masses much larger than , limits were set on the four-fermion
interaction term for LQs that couple to an electron and a quark
and to a lepton and a quark , where and are
quark generation indices. Some of the limits are also applicable to
lepton-flavor-violating processes mediated by squarks in -Parity-violating
supersymmetric models. In some cases, especially when a higher-generation quark
is involved and for the process , the ZEUS limits are the most
stringent to date.Comment: 37 pages, 10 figures, Accepted by EPJC. References and 1 figure (Fig.
6) adde
Multijet production in neutral current deep inelastic scattering at HERA and determination of alpha_s
Multijet production rates in neutral current deep inelastic scattering have
been measured in the range of exchanged boson virtualities 10 < Q2 < 5000 GeV2.
The data were taken at the ep collider HERA with centre-of-mass energy sqrt(s)
= 318 GeV using the ZEUS detector and correspond to an integrated luminosity of
82.2 pb-1. Jets were identified in the Breit frame using the k_T cluster
algorithm in the longitudinally invariant inclusive mode. Measurements of
differential dijet and trijet cross sections are presented as functions of jet
transverse energy E_{T,B}{jet}, pseudorapidity eta_{LAB}{jet} and Q2 with
E_{T,B}{jet} > 5 GeV and -1 < eta_{LAB}{jet} < 2.5. Next-to-leading-order QCD
calculations describe the data well. The value of the strong coupling constant
alpha_s(M_Z), determined from the ratio of the trijet to dijet cross sections,
is alpha_s(M_Z) = 0.1179 pm 0.0013(stat.) {+0.0028}_{-0.0046}(exp.)
{+0.0064}_{-0.0046}(th.)Comment: 22 pages, 5 figure
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