NEW HOPE FOR CONSUMERS OF DIGITAL COPYRIGHT MATERIAL IN HONG KONG

Articles 139 and 140 of the Basic Law of Hong Kong state that protection should be given to intellectual property rights in Hong Kong. It comes as no surprise then that Hong Kong has a suite of legislation dealing with each of the major intellectual property regimes, namely copyright, trade marks, patents and registered designs. The copyright regime is enshrined in the Copyright Ordinance (Cap 528) and like most other jurisdictions, registration is not a pre-requisite for obtaining copyright protection, nor are there any formalities that need to be complied with before copyright protection is afforded to a work in Hong Kong. The Copyright Ordinance gives protection to a wide range of creative outputs including literary works (including computer programs), dramatic, musical and artistic works, sound recordings, films, broadcasts, published editions as well as rights in performances and moral rights. Hong Kong is a member of the World Trade Organisation (WTO) and its intellectual property laws generally meet the requirements set out in the WTO Agreement on the Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights Agreement (TRIPs)

Knowledge-driven Autonomous Commodity Trading Advisor

Abstract—The myth that financial trading is an art has been mostly destroyed in the recent decade due to the proliferation of algorithmic trading. In equity markets, algorithmic trading has already bypass human traders in terms of traded volume. This trend seems to be irreversible, and other asset classes are also quickly becoming dominated by the machine traders. However, for asset that requires deeper understanding of physicality, like the trading of commodities, human traders still have significant edge over machines. The primary advantage of human traders in such market is the qualitative expert knowledge that requires traders to consider not just the financial information, but also a wide variety of physical constraints and information. However, due to rapid technology changes and the “invasion ” of cashrich hedge funds, even this traditionally human-centric asset class is crying for help in handling increasingly complicated and volatile environment. In this paper, we propose an adaptive trading support framework that allows us to quantify expert’s knowledge to help human traders. Our method is based on a two-state switching Kalman filter, which updates its state estimation continuously with real-time information. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach in palm oil trading, which is becoming more and more complicated in recent years due to its new usage in producing biofuel. We show that the two-state switching Kalman filter tuned with expert domain knowledge can effectively reduce prediction errors when compared against traditional single-state econometric models. With a simple back test, we also demonstrate that even a slight decrease in the prediction errors can lead to significant improvement in the trading performance of a naive trading algorithm. Keywords-autonomous trading, commodity trading, switching Kalman filter I

A Genome-Wide Association Study of Diabetic Kidney Disease in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes

dentification of sequence variants robustly associated with predisposition to diabetic kidney disease (DKD) has the potential to provide insights into the pathophysiological mechanisms responsible. We conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of DKD in type 2 diabetes (T2D) using eight complementary dichotomous and quantitative DKD phenotypes: the principal dichotomous analysis involved 5,717 T2D subjects, 3,345 with DKD. Promising association signals were evaluated in up to 26,827 subjects with T2D (12,710 with DKD). A combined T1D+T2D GWAS was performed using complementary data available for subjects with T1D, which, with replication samples, involved up to 40,340 subjects with diabetes (18,582 with DKD). Analysis of specific DKD phenotypes identified a novel signal near GABRR1 (rs9942471, P = 4.5 x 10(-8)) associated with microalbuminuria in European T2D case subjects. However, no replication of this signal was observed in Asian subjects with T2D or in the equivalent T1D analysis. There was only limited support, in this substantially enlarged analysis, for association at previously reported DKD signals, except for those at UMOD and PRKAG2, both associated with estimated glomerular filtration rate. We conclude that, despite challenges in addressing phenotypic heterogeneity, access to increased sample sizes will continue to provide more robust inference regarding risk variant discovery for DKD.Peer reviewe

Digital rights management:contract law or copyright law

8 page(s

Law and regulation in cyberspace

This paper analyses the issue of Internet regulation and the role of law as a regulatory medium. It will firstly argue that it is necessary for the Internet to be regulated as without regulation, the rights of users in the real world and in the cyberworld will be compromised and suppressed and the laws of the physical world will be undermined. An unregulated cyberspace has the potential to compromise legal systems, stifle activity in cyberspace and erode community values. Two key models of regulation will be discussed, namely the judicial model and the socio-normative model. It will be argued that neither offers satisfactory solutions. The paper will argue that a workable model of regulation in cyberspace is one that encompasses elements of law, social norms and Internet architecture.6 page(s

Annex 3: Response from Ms Yee Fen Lim [encyclopaedia entry]

2 page(s

Copyright in the Digital Age

4 page(s