Inteligência artificial: sua natureza e futuro

BODEN, Margaret. AI: Its nature and future. London: Oxford University Press, 2016. 208p. Margaret Boden é docente da Universidade de Sussex, no Reino Unido. Possui formação em medicina, filosofia e psicologia, áreas que integra se dedicando a pesquisas em Inteligência artificial e Ciência cognitiva. Nesta resenha apresentamos seu livro “AI: It´s nature and future”, de 2016, onde a autora revisa os desafios da Inteligência Artificial desde seu início, passando pelos seus principais conceitos até chegar às questões que o possível desenvolvimento de uma superinteligência artificial traria no futuro. A autora apresenta as principais questões que rodeiam o tema não deixando de levar em conta a materialidade do mundo em que vivemos e a forma como essa materialidade pode se entrelaçar ao virtual

Exportación de harina de algarroba hacia Alemania

El presente estudio demuestra la viabilidad, rentabilidad y desarrollo de un plan de negocio de exportación de harina de algarroba hacia Alemania, con el propósito de atender una creciente demanda de consumidores que buscan productos alimenticios naturales en lugar de los que tienen procesos químicos o aditivos artificiales. En esta perspectiva, se ha realizado una investigación de mercado que ha permitido identificar el país de destino del producto y las tendencias de la demanda, así como un estudio de la oferta del producto analizando sus principales competidores. Asimismo, se han obtenido indicadores económicos y financieros para determinar la rentabilidad del negocio. En este estudio se establece que Alemania es uno de los países que reúne las mejores condiciones para ser el mercado de destino, ya que es uno de los principales importadores de harina de algarroba demostrando una creciente demanda de productos saludables y funcionales, buen desempeño logístico, y tener estabilidad política y económica. El mercado alemán ofrece una buena oportunidad de negocio, ya que se pretende cubrir el 0.08% de la demanda potencial desarrollando un plan de marketing proyectado en 5 años que permitiría posicionar el producto en dicho mercado. Se demuestra que el plan de negocio es viable, porque se cuenta con la materia prima adecuada proveniente de la zona norte del Perú para atender la demanda del mercado objetivo. Asimismo, los indicadores económicos y financieros obtenidos señalan que el plan de negocio propuesto es rentable a largo plazo. Se recomienda realizar varias acciones con el objeto de que el negocio se consolide y prospere en el tiempo. Entre ellas se propone mejorar el desempeño logístico de la empresa para ser más eficiente en la entrega del producto, cumplir con los estándares internacionales de calidad y que los precios de venta sean competitivos, y que las acciones de marketing deberían ser bastante agresivas para lograr que el producto sea más conocido en el mercado alemán y así generar confianza y mayor consumo de los clientes.The present study demonstrates the viability, profitability and development of a carob flour export business plan to Germany, with the purpose of meeting the growing demand of consumers looking for natural products instead of chemical processes or artificial additives. In this perspective, a market investigation has been carried out that has allowed to identify the country of destination of the product and the demands trends, as well as a study of products supply analyzing the main competitors. Likewise, economic and financial indicators have been obtained to determine the profitability of the business. This study establishes that Germany is one of the countries that have best conditions to be the target market, since it is one of the main importers of carob pulver demonstrating a growing demand for healthy and functional products, good logistic performance, and have political and economic stability. The German market offers a good business opportunity, since it is intended to cover 0.08% of the potential demand by developing a marketing plan estimated in 5 years that would allow the product to be positioned in the market. This business plan is viable, because there is enough raw material from north of Peru to meet the demand of the target market. Likewise, the economic and financial indicators obtained shows the proposed business plan is profitable in long term. It is recommended to perform several actions in order to consolidate the business and prosper over time. Among them, it is proposed to improve the logistics performance of the company to be more efficient in delivering the product, comply with international quality standards and the sale prices are competitive, the marketing actions should be quite aggressive to ensure that product is better known in Germany´s market and generate trust and more customer consumption

Impact of DM direct searches and the LHC analyses on branon phenomenology

Dark Matter direct detection experiments are able to exclude interesting parameter space regions of particle models which predict an important amount of thermal relics. We use recent data to constrain the branon model and to compute the region that is favored by CDMS measurements. Within this work, we also update present colliders constraints with new studies coming from the LHC. Despite the present low luminosity, it is remarkable that for heavy branons, CMS and ATLAS measurements are already more constraining than previous analyses performed with TEVATRON and LEP data.Comment: 17 pages, 2 figure

Cross-sectional study of correlation between mandibular incisor crowding and third molars in young Brazilians

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate transversally the clinical correlation between lower incisor crowding and mandible third molar. Study Design: Three hundred healthy volunteers (134 male and 166 female), aged 20.4 (±2.4) years-old were submitted to a complete clinical examination and filled up a questionnaire about gender, age, total teeth number and presence or absence of superior and inferior third molar. After a recent panoramic radiography were evaluated. The multiple logistic regression showed that none of the studied factors influenced the mandibular incisor crowding. Results: The proportion of both molars present or both absent was higher than the other conditions (Chi-square, p.05) the mandibular incisor crowding. Despite the statistical significance, wear orthodontics appliances showed a little correlation (odds ratios < 1.0) in the mandibular incisor crowding. Conclusion: Presence of maxillary and/or mandibular third molars has no relation with the lower incisor crowding

Narrativas de aulas de matemática: reificações de comunidades de prática

Este artigo tem o propósito de analisar formas de desenvolver aulas de matemática (processo) e formas de escrever (produto) esboçadas em narrativas de aulas. Para isso, utilizar-se-á a perspectiva da aprendizagem situada, a fim de promover uma descrição teórica para ilustrar como as narrativas, produzidas por professores de matemática que fazem parte do Observatório da Educação Matemática (OEM-Bahia), se constituem como produtos/processos da conexão entre as práticas sociais de que esses professores participam. Os resultados desta pesquisa apontam que as narrativas podem ser compreendidas teoricamente como (re)reificações de uma comunidade interconectada com outra comunidade (ou outras comunidades) a partir do objeto de fronteira (a tarefa) e do broker (o professor)

FUNCTIONAL TRAITS IN THE ARBOREAL COMPONENT OF THE CERRADO VEGETABLE COMMUNITY

The current study aimed to describe functional attributes of arboreal species in fragments of sensu stricto Cerrado areas with a transition to Cerradão in Ipameri – GO to describe which characteristics are more representative in these phytophysiognomies. Ten individuals were sampled for each of the twenty arboreous species most commonly found in the region. Functional attributes related to the architecture of the aerial part of the tree and functional leaf traits were collected. Once the functional traits were evaluated, an analysis of variance and a posterior Tukey test at 0.5% were performed. Then, the data were standardized, and the species were functionally grouped. The results showed great variability of the functional characteristics forming two groups of species with similar characteristics. Group 1 was constituted by species with functional traits proper to survival in adverse environmental conditions, such as poor soils, seasonality, and natural or provoked incidents, like fire. Group 2, on the other hand, apparently points to functional traits related to success and investment in height growth, as well as greater photosynthetic capacity and adaptations to shading conditions. The functional traits studied indicated the occurrence of a great diversity of adaptations between species. Therefore, it is possible to say that both groups of species are important for maintaining these phytophysiognomies in the landscape

Caracterização de acidentes rodoviários e as açoes governamentais para a redução de mortes e lesões no trânsito

This study aims to identify the main contributing factors of accidents and to report on government actions to reduce road deaths and injuries. The characterization of traffic accidents recorded in the Federal Highway Police Department (PRF) database is performed using numerical and statistical methods, with data sample between 2014 and 2016 and considering the federal highway BR-101, which had the highest volume of traffic recorded in the period, according to data provided by the National Department of Transport Infrastructure (DNIT). In order to assist in the identification of the contributing factors of road accidents, it was made use of the knowledge discovery process in database, with the data mining technique and the Apriori algorithm. There was a reduction in the number of accidents in 2016 compared to 2014; possibly related to the intensification of PRF road inspection operations and recent educational campaigns among users of the transit system. Most of the identified causes of accidents were related to the behavior of the person driving the vehicle (incompatible speed, lack of attention, lack of safe distance, signaling disobedience, sleeping, alcohol intake and undue overrun). Este estudo pretende identificar os principais fatores contribuintes dos acidentes e relatar ações governamentais para a redução de mortes e lesões no trânsito. A caracterização dos acidentes de trânsito registrados na base de dados do Departamento de Polícia Rodoviária Federal (PRF) é realizada empregando métodos numéricos e estatísticos, com amostra de dados entre os anos de 2014 e 2016 e considerando a rodovia federal BR-101, a qual apresentou o mais alto volume de tráfego registrado no período segundo dados disponibilizados pelo Departamento Nacional de Infraestrutura de Transportes (DNIT). Para auxiliar na identificação dos fatores contribuintes dos acidentes rodoviários, foi feito uso do processo de descoberta de conhecimento em banco de dados, com a técnica de mineração de dados e o algoritmo Apriori. Observou-se redução na quantidade dos acidentes em 2016 com relação à 2014; possivelmente relacionada à intensificação das operações de fiscalização rodoviária da PRF e às recentes campanhas educativas junto aos usuários do sistema de trânsito. A maior parte das causas identificadas dos acidentes apresentou relação com o comportamento de quem conduz o veículo (velocidade incompatível, falta de atenção, não guardar distância de segurança, desobediência a sinalização, dormindo, ingestão de álcool e ultrapassagem indevida).

Adolescents in provisional reception: investigative analysis about the vulnerability to HIV

Objective: to analyze the perceptions of adolescents in provisional reception about its vulnerability to HIV. Method: descriptive and exploratory study of qualitative nature. It was conducted with adolescents institutionalized in Casa de Passagem III located in Natal, State of Rio Grande do Norte, by the Focal Group technique (FG). Results: the elements addressed were relating to knowledge about HIV/Aids; selfprojection and responsibility in sexual sphere; behaviors and values; and the institution's contribution in the prevention of HIV/Aids. Conclusion: adolescents' perceptions regarding the vulnerability to HIV reflect other social problems, highlighting the need for multiple-based intervention direction, mainly in response to social needs of these adolescents

Procedimentos para a identificação de novos mercados para empreendimentos sociais

Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro Tecnológico. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia de Produção. Florianópolis, 2016.Esta dissertação surge a partir das dificuldades que têm os empreendedores sociais que trabalham em mercados de baixa renda. Projetar um empreendimento social rentável e sustentável é difícil e complicado quando seu foco são clientes da base da pirâmide (BdP). É por isso que alguns empreendedores sociais visam procurar novos segmentos em outros mercados, ou mercados diferentes a seu mercado inicial. Não entanto, a identificação destes novos mercados não é fácil quando não se conta com a expertise, ou com algum procedimento adequado para identificar esse novo mercado. O objetivo deste projeto é elaborar procedimentos para a identificação de novos mercados para empreendimentos sociais. Este procedimento baseia-se nos métodos de Service Design (SD) e Design Thinking (DT). A pesquisa classifica-se como qualitativa, objetiva gerar conhecimentos para aplicação prática e tem objetivos exploratórios, a metodologia descreve os procedimentos metodológicos. O procedimento foi construído a partir das contribuições de Stickdorn e Schnider (2014) nos métodos do SD e do Plattner, Meinel e Weinberg (2009) na abordagem de DT. A fim de validar o procedimento, foi aplicado com base numa necessidade da empresa social BioLite; que é aceder a novos clientes nacionais e internacionais. Conclui-se que o procedimento desenvolvido se direciona para as necessidades de procurar novos mercados para os empreendedores sociais, neste caso, BioLite. Foi apresentada as etapas do procedimento, visando proporcionar aos empreendedores sociais uns passos para identificar essas características, que idêntica ao cliente como potencial e um entendimento claro do que ele requer. Adicionalmente, este procedimento, pode ser colocado em prática e tornar os empreendedores mais competitivos, incorporando envolvimento e interação com os potenciais clientes no processo de desenvolvimento do empreendimento, garantindo que resultado final será relevante para os novos clientes e, além disso, pode aprender muito sobre o próprio empreendimento social, olhando desde a perspectiva do cliente/usuário.Abstract: This dissertation arises from the difficulties that have the social entrepreneurs that work in markets of low-income. Designing a profitable and sustainable social enterprise is difficult and complicated when it focuses on a base of pyramid (BOP) clients. That is why some social entrepreneurs aim to look for new segments in other markets or different markets to their initial market. However, the identification of these new markets is not easy when one does not have the expertise, or some appropriate procedure to identify this new market. The objective of this project is to develop procedures for the identification of new markets for social enterprises. This procedure is basing on the methods of Service Design (SD) and Design Thinking (DT). The research is classified as qualitative, aims to generate knowledge for practical application and has exploratory objectives; the methodology describes the methodological procedures. The procedure was constructing from the contributions of Stickdorn and Schnider (2014) in the methods of SD and Plattner, Meinel, and Weinberg (2009) in the DT approach. To validate the procedure, it was applying based on a need of the social enterprise, BioLite; that is accessing new national and international clients. Concludes that the developed procedure addresses the needs of seeking new markets for social entrepreneurs, in this case, BioLite. It was presenting the steps of the procedure, aiming to provide social entrepreneurs with a few steps to identify these characteristics, identical to the client as potential and a clear understanding of what it requires. In addition, this methodological procedure can be put into practice and make entrepreneurs more competitive. Incorporating involvement and interaction with potential customers in the development process of the enterprise, ensuring that the result will be relevant to new customers and, in addition, can learn a lot about the enterprise itself, looking from the perspective of the client/user