Infección natural con Trypanosoma cruzi en triatominos (Hemiptera: reduviidae: triatominae), vectores de la enfermedad de Chagas en San Antonio Rayón, Jonotla, Puebla, México

En la comunidad de San Antonio Rayón, Jonotla, Puebla, México; se llevó a cabo un estudio sobre la existencia de triatominos intradomiciliarios, con el propósito de determinar el índice de infección natural de Trypanosoma cruzi, durante los meses de Agosto 2002 a Mayo de 2003. Con el propósito de cuantificar los triatominos, fue asperjada una solución de piretriodes al 10% en el interior de las casas y el peridomicilio, donde se observaron acumulaciones de bloque, madera, corrales, etc que constituyen habitáculos naturales de Triatoma dimidiata (Latreille, 1811); de los cuales se capturaron un total de 388 triatominos, distribuidos en 62 hembras, 48 machos y 278 ninfas de diferentes estadios; 30 de los ejemplares presentaron infección natural con Trypanosoma cruzi. Los índices entomológicos fueron: Infestación 44.65%, Hacinamiento 4.04, Densidad 1.8, Colonización 90.63% e infección natural con Trypanosoma cruzi 18.40%. Se encontró un cambio en la etología de esta especie con respecto a comunicaciones anteriores al ser detectado con mayor frecuencia en el intradomicilio, lo cual se justifica por las alteraciones ecológicas de carácter antropogénico producidas en esta zona con fines agrícolas y ganaderos

INFECCIÓN NATURAL CON Trypanosoma cruzi EN TRIATOMINOS (HEMIPTERA: REDUVIIDAE: TRIATOMINAE), VECTORES DE LA ENFERMEDAD DE CHAGAS EN SAN ANTONIO RAYÓN, JONOTLA, PUEBLA, MÉXICO

The study was carried out in San Antonio Rayón, Jonotla, Puebla, México, from August 2002 to May 2003. The objetive was determite the natural infection index to Trypanosoma cruzi. The metod consist in sprinkling piretrids to 10% at ecotopes of bugs. From a total 388 specimens there were 62 females, 48 males and 278 nymphs. There were 30 triatominae bugs infected with Trypanosoma cruzi. The entomological index were: 44.65% infestation, 4.04 stacking, 1.8 density, 90.625% colonization and 18.40% natural infection. The triatominae bugs were identified as Triatoma dimidiata (Latreille, 1811). In the main were founded within houses, this suggests us that housing quality and the modification of environment with agricultural and cattle objetives may favored the invasion into human dwellings.  En la comunidad de San Antonio Rayón, Jonotla, Puebla, México; se llevó a cabo un estudio sobre la existencia de triatominos intradomiciliarios, con el propósito de determinar el índice de infección natural de Trypanosoma cruzi, durante los meses de Agosto 2002 a Mayo de 2003. Con el propósito de cuantificar los triatominos, fue asperjada una solución de piretriodes al 10% en el interior de las casas y el peridomicilio, donde se observaron acumulaciones de bloque, madera, corrales, etc que constituyen habitáculos naturales de Triatoma dimidiata (Latreille, 1811); de los cuales se capturaron un total de 388 triatominos, distribuidos en 62 hembras, 48 machos y 278 ninfas de diferentes estadios; 30 de los ejemplares presentaron infección natural con Trypanosoma cruzi. Los índices entomológicos fueron: Infestación 44.65%, Hacinamiento 4.04, Densidad 1.8, Colonización 90.63% e infección natural con Trypanosoma cruzi 18.40%. Se encontró un cambio en la etología de esta especie con respecto a comunicaciones anteriores al ser detectado con mayor frecuencia en el intradomicilio, lo cual se justifica por las alteraciones ecológicas de carácter antropogénico producidas en esta zona con fines agrícolas y ganaderos

Infección natural con Trypanosoma cruzi en triatominos (Hemiptera: reduviidae: triatominae), vectores de la enfermedad de Chagas en San Antonio Rayón, Jonotla, Puebla, México.

En la comunidad de San Antonio Rayón, Jonotla, Puebla, México; se llevó a cabo un estudio sobre la existencia de triatominos intradomiciliarios, con el propósito de determinar el índice de infección natural de Trypanosoma cruzi, durante los meses de Agosto 2002 a Mayo de 2003. Con el propósito de cuantificar los triatominos, fue asperjada una solución de piretriodes al 10% en el interior de las casas y el peridomicilio, donde se observaron acumulaciones de bloque, madera, corrales, etc que constituyen habitáculos naturales de Triatoma dimidiata (Latreille, 1811); de los cuales se capturaron un total de 388 triatominos, distribuidos en 62 hembras, 48 machos y 278 ninfas de diferentes estadios; 30 de los ejemplares presentaron infección natural con Trypanosoma cruzi. Los índices entomológicos fueron: Infestación 44.65%, Hacinamiento 4.04, Densidad 1.8, Colonización 90.63% e infección natural con Trypanosoma cruzi 18.40%. Se encontró un cambio en la etología de esta especie con respecto a comunicaciones anteriores al ser detectado con mayor frecuencia en el intradomicilio, lo cual se justifica por las alteraciones ecológicas de carácter antropogénico producidas en esta zona con fines agrícolas y ganaderos

Presence of Mycoplasma fermentans in the bloodstream of Mexican patients with rheumatoid arthritis and IgM and IgG antibodies against whole microorganism

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Increasing evidence incriminates bacteria, especially <it>Mycoplasma fermentans</it>, as possible arthritogenic agents in humans. The purpose of this study was to investigate <it>M. fermentans </it>in the bloodstream of patients with rheumatoid arthritis.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Two hundred and nineteen blood samples from patients with rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, antiphospholipid syndrome, and healthy individuals were screened by bacterial culture and direct PCR in order to detect mycoplasmas; IgM and IgG against <it>M. fermentans </it>PG18 were also detected by ELISA and Immunoblotting assays in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and healthy individuals.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Blood samples from patients with antiphospholipid syndrome and healthy individuals were negative for mycoplasma by culture or direct PCR. In blood samples from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus were detected by direct PCR <it>M. fermentans </it>in 2/50 (2%), <it>M. hominis </it>in 2/50 (2%) and <it>U. urealyticum </it>in 1/50 (0.5%). In patients with RA <it>M. fermentans </it>was detected by culture in 13/87 blood samples and in 13/87 by direct PCR, however, there was only concordance between culture and direct PCR in six samples, so <it>M. fermentans </it>was detected in 20/87(23%) of the blood samples from patients with RA by either culture or PCR. Antibody-specific ELISA assay to <it>M. fermentans </it>PG18 was done, IgM was detected in sera from 40/87 patients with RA and in sera of 7/67 control individuals, IgG was detected in sera from 48/87 RA patients and in sera from 7/67 healthy individuals. Antibody-specific immunoblotting to <it>M. fermentans </it>PG18 showed IgM in sera from 35/87 patients with RA and in sera from 4/67 healthy individuals, IgG was detected in sera from 34/87 patients and in sera from 5/67 healthy individuals.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Our findings show that only <it>M. fermentans </it>produce bacteremia in a high percentage of patients with RA. This finding is similar to those reported in the literature. IgM and IgG against <it>M. fermentans </it>PG18 were more frequent in patients with RA than healthy individuals.</p

Emisión de ceniza volcánica y sus efectos

La actividad volcánica es una fuente natural de contaminación, la cual aporta una cantidad considerable de contaminantes, principalmente a la atmósfera. Se ha documentado que dicha actividad representa riesgos para los ecosistemas y las poblaciones humanas que se ubican cerca de los edificios volcánicos, no obstante se ha descrito que incluso organismos que se localizan a distancias considerables de las zonas con actividad volcánica también pueden verse afectados. Dentro de los principales riesgos volcánicos destacan la emisión de ceniza y gases, relacionándose con la cantidad y el número de exposiciones a dichos eventos. En este contexto, la colaboración entre vulcanólogos, meteorólogos, químicos, biólogos, agrónomos y profesionales de la salud permitirá mitigar los riesgos de la actividad volcánica. El objetivo de esta revisión es presentar los riesgos para el medio ambiente y la salud asociados con la emisión de ceniza volcánica

Bioactive constituents in ethanolic extract leaves and fruit juice of Morinda citrifolia

"Plants and fruits are considered as one of the main sources of biologically active compounds, and several studies reported that medicinal plants are used by 80% of the people living in rural areas as primary healthcare system. Morinda citrifolia has been heavily promoted for a wide range of uses, including antibacterial, antiinflamatory, analgesic, antioxidant, and antitumor effects. The objective was to identify chemical constituents in leaves extract and fruit juice of Morinda citrifolia by GC-MS analysis. The bioactive constituents in ethanolic extract leave and fruit juice of Morinda citrifolia were investigated using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry GC-MS analysis. Bioactive constituents studies of ethanolic extract leaves and fruit juice of M. citrifolia by GC-MS analysis clearly showed the presence of eighteen and fifteen compounds, respectively. Among the identified compounds of medical importance were detected (octanoic acid, cyclopropyl, hexanoic acid, n-decanoic acid, allantoin, sorbitol, mannitol, glycerin and gamma-tocopherol)"

Evaluation of Cytotoxic and Genotoxic Risk Derived from Exposure to Pesticides in Corn Producers in Tlaxcala, Mexico

Corn cultivation represents the largest type of agricultural production in Mexico, with great economic, social, and cultural importance. The health of corn producers could be compromised by the extensive and accumulated use of pesticides. The effects of pesticides in terms of their cytotoxic and genotoxic damage in two groups of peasant maize producers in Tlaxcala, Mexico, were considered here. The buccal micronucleus cytome assay was used as an indicator of cytotoxicity and genotoxicity, along with nuclear abnormalities present in farmers who had used pesticides in the last thirty years. In total, 21 commercial products used in corn production were identified, mainly herbicides belonging to the chlorophenoxy, triazine, and organophosphate compounds; in addition, it was observed that a small group of farmers use the active ingredient carbofuran, as well as insecticides and fungicides. The results show that farmers with higher pesticide use present higher rates of cytotoxic and genotoxic damage compared to the group of producers with higher incidence rates of agroecological practices and lower rates of pesticide use, as revealed by the micronucleus assay, as well as by nuclear abnormalities present in the epithelial cells of the buccal mucosa. The agroecological farmer group used only herbicides, with the 2,4-D (Hierbamina) being the greatest use in maize cultivation

Evaluation of Cytotoxic and Genotoxic Risk Derived from Exposure to Pesticides in Corn Producers in Tlaxcala, Mexico

Corn cultivation represents the largest type of agricultural production in Mexico, with great economic, social, and cultural importance. The health of corn producers could be compromised by the extensive and accumulated use of pesticides. The effects of pesticides in terms of their cytotoxic and genotoxic damage in two groups of peasant maize producers in Tlaxcala, Mexico, were considered here. The buccal micronucleus cytome assay was used as an indicator of cytotoxicity and genotoxicity, along with nuclear abnormalities present in farmers who had used pesticides in the last thirty years. In total, 21 commercial products used in corn production were identified, mainly herbicides belonging to the chlorophenoxy, triazine, and organophosphate compounds; in addition, it was observed that a small group of farmers use the active ingredient carbofuran, as well as insecticides and fungicides. The results show that farmers with higher pesticide use present higher rates of cytotoxic and genotoxic damage compared to the group of producers with higher incidence rates of agroecological practices and lower rates of pesticide use, as revealed by the micronucleus assay, as well as by nuclear abnormalities present in the epithelial cells of the buccal mucosa. The agroecological farmer group used only herbicides, with the 2,4-D (Hierbamina) being the greatest use in maize cultivation

Simulated LCSLM with Inducible Diffractive Theory to Display Super-Gaussian Arrays Applying the Transport-of-Intensity Equation

We simulate a liquid crystal spatial light modulator (LCSLM), previously validated by Fraunhofer diffraction to observe super-Gaussian periodic profiles and analyze the wavefront of optical surfaces applying the transport-of-intensity equation (TIE). The LCSLM represents an alternative to the Ronchi Rulings, allowing to avoid all the related issues regarding diffractive and refractive properties, and noise. To this aim, we developed and numerically simulated a LCSLM resembling a fractal from a generating base. Such a base is constituted by an active square (values equal to one) and surrounded by eight switched-off pixels (zero-valued). We replicate the base in order to form 1 ×N-pixels and the successive rows to build the 1024×1024 LCSLM of active pixels. We visually test the LCSLM with calibration images as a diffractive object that is mathematically inducible, using mathematical induction over the N×N-shape (1×1, 2×2, 3×3, …, n×n pixels for the generalization). Finally, we experimentally generate periodic super-Gaussian profiles to be visualized in the LCSLM (transmission SLM, 1024×768-pixels LC 2012 Translucent SLM), modifying the TIE as an optical test in order to analyze the optical elements by comparing the results with ZYGO/APEX