9 research outputs found
Culture and foreign policy: An introduction to approaches and theory
Culture is increasingly acknowledged to matter in foreign policy, but is rarely studied or used as an explanatory factor in the field. Frode Liland claims that the reason for this is that culture is seen as a dangerous subject where the researchers easily get lost. To ease the trouble he gives an introduction to relevant literature on the field
The effect of bio-electro-magnetic-energyregulation therapy on sleep duration and sleep quality among elite players in Norwegian women’s football
The current study investigated if physical loads peak on game days and if Bio-
Electro-Magnetic-Energy-Regulation (BEMER) therapy is affecting sleep duration
and sleep quality on nights related to game nights among elite players in
Norwegian women’s elite football. The sample included 21 female football players
from an elite top series club with a mean age of ~24 years (± 2.8). Sleep was
measured every day over a period of 273 consecutive days with a Somnofy sleep
monitor based on ultra-wideband (IR-UWB) pulse radar and Doppler technology.
The current study was conducted as a quasi-experiment, where each player was
their own control based on a control period that lasted for 3 months, and an
experimental period that lasted for 5 months. Accordantly, the time each player
spent with BEMER therapy was used as a control variable. Multivariate analyses
of variance using FFMANOVA and univariate ANOVA with False Discovery Rate
adjusted p-values show that physical performance (total distance, distance per
minute, sprint meters >22.5 kmh, accelerations and decelerations) significantly
peak on game day compared with ordinary training days and days related to
game days. The results also show that sleep quantity and quality are significantly
reduced on game night, which indicate disturbed sleep caused by the peak in
physical load. Most sleep variables significantly increased in the experiment
period, where BEMER therapy was used, compared to the control period before
the introduction of BEMER therapy. Further, the analyses show that players who
spent BEMER therapy >440 h had the most positive effects on their sleep, and
that these effects were significantly compared to the players who used BEMER
therapy <440 h. The findings are discussed based on the function of sleep and the
different sleep stages have on recovery
Cerebrospinal fluid proteome shows disrupted neuronal development in multiple sclerosis
Despite intensive research, the aetiology of multiple sclerosis (MS) remains unknown. Cerebrospinal fluid proteomics has the potential to reveal mechanisms of MS pathogenesis, but analyses must account for disease heterogeneity. We previously reported explorative multivariate analysis by hierarchical clustering of proteomics data of MS patients and controls, which resulted in two groups of individuals. Grouping reflected increased levels of intrathecal inflammatory response proteins and decreased levels of proteins involved in neural development in one group relative to the other group. MS patients and controls were present in both groups. Here we reanalysed these data and we also reanalysed data from an independent cohort of patients diagnosed with clinically isolated syndrome (CIS), who have symptoms of MS without evidence of dissemination in space and/or time. Some, but not all, CIS patients had intrathecal inflammation. The analyses reported here identified a common protein signature of MS/CIS that was not linked to elevated intrathecal inflammation. The signature included low levels of complement proteins, semaphorin-7A, reelin, neural cell adhesion molecules, inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain H2, transforming growth factor beta 1, follistatin-related protein 1, malate dehydrogenase 1 cytoplasmic, plasma retinol-binding protein, biotinidase, and transferrin, all known to play roles in neural development. Low levels of these proteins suggest that MS/CIS patients suffer from abnormally low oxidative capacity that results in disrupted neural development from an early stage of the disease
Cerebrospinal fluid proteome shows disrupted neuronal development in multiple sclerosis
Despite intensive research, the aetiology of multiple sclerosis (MS) remains unknown. Cerebrospinal fluid proteomics has the potential to reveal mechanisms of MS pathogenesis, but analyses must account for disease heterogeneity. We previously reported explorative multivariate analysis by hierarchical clustering of proteomics data of MS patients and controls, which resulted in two groups of individuals. Grouping reflected increased levels of intrathecal inflammatory response proteins and decreased levels of proteins involved in neural development in one group relative to the other group. MS patients and controls were present in both groups. Here we reanalysed these data and we also reanalysed data from an independent cohort of patients diagnosed with clinically isolated syndrome (CIS), who have symptoms of MS without evidence of dissemination in space and/or time. Some, but not all, CIS patients had intrathecal inflammation. The analyses reported here identified a common protein signature of MS/CIS that was not linked to elevated intrathecal inflammation. The signature included low levels of complement proteins, semaphorin-7A, reelin, neural cell adhesion molecules, inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain H2, transforming growth factor beta 1, follistatin-related protein 1, malate dehydrogenase 1 cytoplasmic, plasma retinol-binding protein, biotinidase, and transferrin, all known to play roles in neural development. Low levels of these proteins suggest that MS/CIS patients suffer from abnormally low oxidative capacity that results in disrupted neural development from an early stage of the disease