The current state of Open Access to research articles from the University of Helsinki

Ryhmämme kiinnostuksen kohteena oli Helsingin yliopiston julkaisujen näkyvyys verkossa. Kysymys kuului: kuinka moni tutkimusartikkeleista löytyy avoimesti kokotekstiversiona? Tutkimusotoksena käytimme Helsingin yliopiston JULKI-julkaisutietokannan viitteitä vuosilta 2007 ja 2008. Yritimme etsiä lehtiartikkelien kokotekstiversioita käyttäen kahta yleisesti käytössä olevaa hakukonetta sekä kahta avointen julkaisuarkistojen metatietoja haravoivaa hakukonetta. Avoimesti saatavilla oleva kokotekstiversio löytyi 49,1%:ssa otoksen artikkeleista. Google ja Google Scholar -hakukoneilla tehdyt haut olivat tuloksellisempia kuin avointen julkaisuarkistojen metatietoja haravoivilla hakukoneilla tehdyt haut. Hakujen onnistumisprosentit olivat: Google 42,5%, Google Scholar 38,1%, OpenDOAR 14,3% ja Scientific Commons 15,7%. Kaikkiaan 49,1% artikkeleista löytyi kokotekstiversiona. Englanninkielisten artikkelien saatavuusprosentti oli huomattavasti parempi kuin suomenkielisten. Vaikka Google ja Google Scholar ovat tällä hetkellä parhaita välineitä verkossa avoimesti saatavilla olevien tieteellisten tutkimusartikkelien etsimiseen, tutkimustuloksemme perusteella avointen julkaisuarkistojen metatietoja haravoivia hakukoneita ei kannata jättää huomiotta.Non peer reviewe

Sustainability of cellulose dissolution and regeneration in 1,5-diazabicyclo[4.3.0]non-5-enium acetate : a batch simulation of the IONCELL-F process

The recyclability of 1,5-diazabicyclo[4.3.0] non-5-enium acetate ([DBNH][OAc]), as a direct dissolution solvent for cellulose, was evaluated during laboratory scale recycling trials. The main objective was to simulate the conditions of a spinning bath from a Lyocell-type air-gap spinning process, called the IONCELL-F process. The saline solution was then concentrated, recycled and reused as many times as possible before cellulose dissolution was no longer possible. The chemical compositions of the ionic liquid and pulp were recorded throughout the experiments. The results of the experiments showed that [DBNH][OAc] can be recycled from aqueous media with an average recovery rate of 95.6 wt% using basic laboratory equipment, without any further process intensification or optimisation. The recycling of the ionic liquid did not change the chemical composition or degree of polymerisation of the recovered pulp but the colour of the regenerated pulps gradually darkened as the recycling times increased. The ionic liquid was found to hydrolyse 6.0-13.6 mol% per cycle, under these conditions. The build-up of the hydrolysis product, 3-( aminopropyl)-2-pyrrolidonium acetate, killed the dissolution feature at between 30.6-45.6 wt% hydrolysis product. The enzymatic digestibility of the regenerated pulp samples was studied with both a monocomponent endoglucanase and a cellulase mixture. The amount of residual [DBNH][OAc] in the regenerated pulps was determined, by both NMR and capillary electrophoresis. Although hydrolysis of the ionic liquid occurs, this study clearly shows potential for industrial application, with appropriate process equipment and recycling conditions.Peer reviewe

Effect of Policies to Accelerate the Adoption of Battery Electric Vehicles in Finland—A Delphi Study

Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from transport contribute significantly to climate change. Some of the transport policies with the greatest potential to mitigate climate change are related to zero-emission vehicles. This study aimed to analyse the different factors, and their importance, influencing purchase decisions for battery electric vehicles (BEV). Experts’ perceptions were collected with a Delphi study consisting of a two-round survey to assess factors that would increase the probability of a petrol- or diesel-car owner purchasing a BEV in Finland in the year 2025. Increasing the possibilities for home charging and the provision of a purchase subsidy were seen as the most important factors. Public fast charging and the difference in use costs between current technology vehicles and BEVs were also recognised as important factors. Existing systems of financial instruments and policies must be constantly evaluated and updated due to the evolving BEV industry

Tanska pyrkii avoimen julkaisemisen mallimaaksi

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Improving Photoelectron Counting and Particle Identification in Scintillation Detectors with Bayesian Techniques

Many current and future dark matter and neutrino detectors are designed to measure scintillation light with a large array of photomultiplier tubes (PMTs). The energy resolution and particle identification capabilities of these detectors depend in part on the ability to accurately identify individual photoelectrons in PMT waveforms despite large variability in pulse amplitudes and pulse pileup. We describe a Bayesian technique that can identify the times of individual photoelectrons in a sampled PMT waveform without deconvolution, even when pileup is present. To demonstrate the technique, we apply it to the general problem of particle identification in single-phase liquid argon dark matter detectors. Using the output of the Bayesian photoelectron counting algorithm described in this paper, we construct several test statistics for rejection of backgrounds for dark matter searches in argon. Compared to simpler methods based on either observed charge or peak finding, the photoelectron counting technique improves both energy resolution and particle identification of low energy events in calibration data from the DEAP-1 detector and simulation of the larger MiniCLEAN dark matter detector.Comment: 16 pages, 16 figure