Application of the Lifshitz theory to poor conductors

The Lifshitz formula for the dispersive forces is generalized to the materials, which cannot be described with the local dielectric response. Principal nonlocality of poor conductors is related with the finite screening length of the penetrating field and the collisional relaxation; at low temperatures the role of collisions plays the Landau damping. The spatial dispersion makes the theory self consistent. Our predictions are compared with the recent experiment. It is demonstrated that at low temperatures the Casimir-Lifshitz entropy disappears as $T$ in the case of degenerate plasma and as $T^2$ for the nondegenerate one.Comment: Accepted for publication in PR

Iron based superconductors: magnetism, superconductivity and electronic structure

Angle resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) reveals the features of the electronic structure of quasi-two-dimensional crystals, which are crucial for the formation of spin and charge ordering and determine the mechanisms of electron-electron interaction, including the superconducting pairing. The newly discovered iron based superconductors (FeSC) promise interesting physics that stems, on one hand, from a coexistence of superconductivity and magnetism and, on the other hand, from complex multi-band electronic structure. In this review I want to give a simple introduction to the FeSC physics, and to advocate an opinion that all the complexity of FeSC properties is encapsulated in their electronic structure. For many compounds, this structure was determined in numerous ARPES experiments and agrees reasonably well with the results of band structure calculations. Nevertheless, the existing small differences may help to understand the mechanisms of the magnetic ordering and superconducting pairing in FeSC.Comment: Invited Revie

Weak ferromagnetism of antiferromagnetic domains in graphene with defects

Magnetic properties of graphene with randomly distributed magnetic defects/vacancies are studied in terms of the Kondo Hamiltonian in the mean field approximation. It has been shown that graphene with defects undergoes a magnetic phase transition from a paramagnetic to a antiferromagnetic (AFM) phase once the temperature reaches the critical point $T_{N}$. The defect straggling is taken into account as an assignable cause of multiple nucleation into AFM domains. Since each domain is characterized by partial compensating magnetization of the defects associated with different sublattices, together they reveal a super-paramagnetic behavior in a magnetic field. Theory qualitatively describe the experimental data provided the temperature dependence of the AFM domain structure.Comment: 8 pages, 2 figure

Role of three-body interactions in formation of bulk viscosity in liquid argon

With the aim of locating the origin of discrepancy between experimental and computer simulation results on bulk viscosity of liquid argon, a molecular dynamic simulation of argon interacting via ab initio pair potential and triple-dipole three-body potential has been undertaken. Bulk viscosity, obtained using Green-Kubo formula, is different from the values obtained from modeling argon using Lennard-Jones potential, the former being closer to the experimental data. The conclusion is made that many-body inter-atomic interaction plays a significant role in formation of bulk viscosity.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figure

Random-phase reservoir and a quantum resistor: The Lloyd model

We introduce phase disorder in a 1D quantum resistor through the formal device of `fake channels' distributed uniformly over its length such that the out-coupled wave amplitude is re-injected back into the system, but with a phase which is random. The associated scattering problem is treated via invariant imbedding in the continuum limit, and the resulting transport equation is found to correspond exactly to the Lloyd model. The latter has been a subject of much interest in recent years. This conversion of the random phase into the random Cauchy potential is a notable feature of our work. It is further argued that our phase-randomizing reservoir, as distinct from the well known phase-breaking reservoirs, induces no decoherence, but essentially destroys all interference effects other than the coherent back scattering.Comment: 4 pages,5 figure

Dirac and Normal Fermions in Graphite and Graphene: Implications to the Quantum Hall Effect

Spectral analysis of Shubnikov de Haas (SdH) oscillations of magnetoresistance and of Quantum Hall Effect (QHE) measured in quasi-2D highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) [Phys. Rev. Lett. 90, 156402 (2003)] reveals two types of carriers: normal (massive) electrons with Berry phase 0 and Dirac-like (massless) holes with Berry phase pi. We demonstrate that recently reported integer- and semi-integer QHE for bi-layer and single-layer graphenes take place simultaneously in HOPG samples.Comment: 4 page

Collective modes of an Anisotropic Quark-Gluon Plasma II

We continue our exploration of the collective modes of an anisotropic quark gluon plasma by extending our previous analysis to arbitrary Riemann sheets. We demonstrate that in the presence of momentum-space anisotropies in the parton distribution functions there are new relevant singularities on the neighboring unphysical sheets. We then show that for sufficiently strong anisotropies that these singularities move into the region of spacelike momentum and their effect can extend down to the physical sheet. In order to demonstrate this explicitly we consider the polarization tensor for gluons propagating parallel to the anisotropy direction. We derive analytic expressions for the gluon structure functions in this case and then analytically continue them to unphysical Riemann sheets. Using the resulting analytic continuations we numerically determine the position of the unphysical singularities. We then show that in the limit of infinite contraction of the distribution function along the anisotropy direction that the unphysical singularities move onto the physical sheet and result in real spacelike modes at large momenta for all "out-of-plane" angles of propagation.Comment: 13 pages, 8 figure

Response of the Shockley surface state to an external electrical field: A density-functional theory study of Cu(111)

The response of the Cu(111) Shockley surface state to an external electrical field is characterized by combining a density-functional theory calculation for a slab geometry with an analysis of the Kohn-Sham wavefunctions. Our analysis is facilitated by a decoupling of the Kohn-Sham states via a rotation in Hilbert space. We find that the surface state displays isotropic dispersion, quadratic until the Fermi wave vector but with a significant quartic contribution beyond. We calculate the shift in energetic position and effective mass of the surface state for an electrical field perpendicular to the Cu(111) surface; the response is linear over a broad range of field strengths. We find that charge transfer occurs beyond the outermost copper atoms and that accumulation of electrons is responsible for a quarter of the screening of the electrical field. This allows us to provide well-converged determinations of the field-induced changes in the surface state for a moderate number of layers in the slab geometry.Comment: 11 pages, 6 figures, 4 tables; accepted for publication by Phys. Rev. B; changes from v1 in response to referee comments, esp. to Sections I and V.B (inc. Table 4), with many added references, but no change in results or conclusion

Spin-Dependent Hubbard Model and a Quantum Phase Transition in Cold Atoms

We describe an experimental protocol for introducing spin-dependent lattice structure in a cold atomic fermi gas using lasers. It can be used to realize Hubbard models whose hopping parameters depend on spin and whose interaction strength can be controlled with an external magnetic field. We suggest that exotic superfluidities will arise in this framework. An especially interesting possibility is a class of states that support coexisting superfluid and normal components, even at zero temperature. The quantity of normal component varies with external parameters. We discuss some aspects of the quantum phase transition that arises at the point where it vanishes.Comment: 9 pages, 7 figures; added/corrected references in [11] and [44

Lifshitz Transition in the Two Dimensional Hubbard Model

Using large-scale dynamical cluster quantum Monte Carlo simulations, we study the Lifshitz transition of the two dimensional Hubbard model with next-nearest-neighbor hopping ($t'$), chemical potential and temperature as control parameters. At $t'\le0$, we identify a line of Lifshitz transition points associated with a change of the Fermi surface topology at zero temperature. In the overdoped region, the Fermi surface is complete and electron-like; across the Lifshitz transition, the Fermi surface becomes hole-like and develops a pseudogap. At (or very close to) the Lifshitz transition points, a van Hove singularity in the density of states crosses the Fermi level. The van Hove singularity occurs at finite doping due to correlation effects, and becomes more singular when $t'$ becomes more negative. The resulting temperature dependence on the bare d-wave pairing susceptibility close to the Lifshitz points is significantly different from that found in the traditional van Hove scenarios. Such unambiguous numerical observation of the Lifshitz transition at $t'\le0$ extends our understanding of the quantum critical region in the phase diagram, and shines lights on future investigations of the nature of the quantum critical point in the two dimensional Hubbard model.Comment: 9 pages, 8 figures, accepted for publication in Physics Review