Theoretical modelling of the effect of salt precipitation on CO2 injectivity

Master's thesis in Petroleum engineeringSince the industrial revolution we have produced more carbon dioxide. Carbon dioxide is greenhouse gas which contributes to global warming. Carbon Capture & Storage (CCS) has been working on technical solutions that will capture carbon dioxide, which is being produced as a product of industrialization. This captured carbon dioxide will be transported to suited storage areas. These storage areas can be geological formation, often old oil & gas reservoirs. For the CCS to safely store the carbon dioxide, it needs to be transported to the location, and then injected into the reservoir. Injection requires knowledge, as the deposition sites can be more than a kilometer below the ground. This thesis will focus on creating a model to simulate CO2-injection. The model is created in MATLAB, and will simulate problems such as: colloidal fine particles and salt precipitation. This model will help to understand how a rock formation act during injection. Absolute permeabilities and relative imjectivity are the key results that will be measured by this model

Geochemistry of the stratiform iron Dunderlandsdalen deposits, Nordland

The Dunderlandsdalen iron district, Northern Norway, hosts a world-class stratiform Fe-mineralization (total tonnage of ~500 Mt at 33% Fe). The iron ore units belong to the Dunderland Formation in the Ramnålia Nappe, which further belongs to the Rødingsfjellet Nappe of the Caledonian Uppermost Allochthon. Hematite and magnetite represent the principal ore minerals and are hosted by amphibolite grade dolomitic and calcitic marble units intercalated with various types of calcareous schists. Although having been described as a world-class iron deposit, it has not been a subject of detailed geochemical studies. In order to determine the controlling mechanisms of hematite and magnetite formation, the present study mainly focuses on investigating the geochemical characteristics of the mineralization and host rocks within a structural framework. In addition, the fluid inclusion study gives insight into the post-ore P-T-X evolution of the studied area. Deformation processes, recrystallization of ore and gangue minerals as well as remobilization of metals during the Caledonian Orogeny affected the ore textures and mineral chemistry of the mineralization. Strain variations in ore bodies and host rocks, which are evident in both macro- and micro-scale, have given rise to different generations of Fe-oxides characterized by significantly different morphologies. The major element characteristics and REE patterns of mineralized samples indicate that the primary mineralizing events involved mixing of a low-temperature hydrothermal source of iron with a detrital component in a rift-related environment. �13C and �18O values of gangue carbonates support a deposition under the influence of hydrothermal fluids. Geochemical data, along with the age interval of host rock marble (800 to 730 Ma, Melezhik et al., 2015) have led the author to suggest that the Fe-mineralization of the Dunderland Formation accumulated in glacially and hydrothermally influenced passive margin rift-basins or back-arc basins. Fluid inclusion studies of recrystallized quartz witness a complex post-ore tectonic evolution during the Caledonian Orogeny

Tilfriskning og sosial nettverksbygging: En kvalitativ studie om jenter med spiseforstyrrelser som eksponerer eget liv og sykdom på sosiale medier

Oppgavens tittel: Tilfriskning og sosial nettverksbygging: En kvalitativ studie om jenter med spiseforstyrrelser som eksponerer eget liv og sykdom på sosiale medier Hensikt: I oppgaven studerer jeg jenter med spiseforstyrrelser sin bruk av blogg og sosiale medier. Gjennom oppgaven ønsker jeg å framskaffe kunnskap om hvorfor jenter med spiseforstyrrelser velger å eksponere eget liv og sykdom(mer) for omverdenen på internett og årsakssammenhenger rundt utviklingen av deres spiseforstyrrelser. Jeg vil formidle denne forståelsen og innsikten til forskere, andre jenter med spiseforstyrrelser, skoleverket og andre det angår. Metode: Oppgaven bygger på den hermeneutiske vitenskapsfilosofien, der jeg har spesielt fokus på tolkningene til Gadamer, Ricoeur og Dilthey. Jeg har foretatt en kvalitativ undersøkelse, og har gjennomført semistrukturerte intervjuer med tre jenter som har eller tidligere har hatt spiseforstyrrelser. Mine informanter har også skrevet blogger om sine liv og erfaringer med spiseforstyrrelsene. I tillegg til intervjuene, har jeg lest og analysert jentenes blogger. Oppgaven har både en induktiv og deduktiv tilnærming, i tillegg til at den er eksplorerende. Teoretisk forankring og eksisterende forskning: I oppgaven har jeg støttet meg til forskning om spiseforstyrrelser og sosiale medier og blogg, samt teoretiske tilnærminger innenfor recovery. Som tilfriskningsstrategier innenfor recovery, har jeg tatt utgangspunkt i emosjonell og annen skriving, samt Donald Winnicotts begrep, overgangsobjekter. Gjennom blant annet Sherry Turkles teori om sosial interaksjon, har jeg gitt det sosiale livet på digitale plattformer en kritisk vinkling. Innenfor emosjonell skriving bygger jeg blant annet på Pennebaker (1997), som har gjort flere studier. Funn: Studien viser at ulike og sammensatte årsaker sannsynligvis ligger bak utviklingen av mine informanters spiseforstyrrelser. Mye tyder på at årsaksforholdene har sammenheng med hendelser/forhold ved jentenes oppvekst, som mangelfull omsorg og mobbing. Mine funn viser at å bygge nettverk er en viktig motivasjon for det digitale livet jentene lever, og kanskje spesielt for en av informantene, som er introvert og lite sosial i det virkelige livet. Jeg vurderer at en av jentene i perioder har bedrevet emosjonell skriving på bloggen, og fått positive effekter av å ordlegge sine innerste tanker og følelser på usensurert vis. Skrivingen har også fungert terapeutisk på andre måter for minst to av jentene. En av informantene har fått økt forståelse og støtte blant venner og familie gjennom sin formidling på bloggen. En annen har satt stor pris på kommentarene og tilbakemeldingene fra likesinnede på bloggen, og deres støtte, sympati og råd. Ut fra funnene, og dersom man godtar at Winnicotts teori om overgangsobjekter brukes i utvidet forstand, kan man også tolke at alle jentene har brukt sine spiseforstyrrelser som overgangsobjekter, mens to av jentene kan ha støttet seg til sine blogger som overgangsobjekter. Mine informanter ønsker i tillegg å være til hjelp og spre kunnskap til andre personer med spiseforstyrrelser, pårørende og helsepersonell, gjennom bloggen. Videre forskning: Det er behov for fremtidige kvalitative og kvantitative undersøkelser av fenomenet jeg har undersøkt. Kvantitative surveys kan si noe om utbredelse og omfang. I en oppfølgingsstudie hadde det vært interessant å undersøke om mine informanter har oppnådd terapeutiske effekter av å delta på min studie. Samtidig hadde det vært spennende og undersøkt mine informanters helsetilstand og deres bloggvirksomhet etter noen år. På denne måten kunne man ha kartlagt om de fortsatt lider av spiseforstyrrelser, om de fremdeles føler en identitet som spiseforstyrret og om de fremdeles blogger, og i tilfelle om hva

Periodontal referral patterns in Norway: 2003 versus 2018

Objectives Changes in periodontal referral patterns over time have been reported from the United States and Australia. To date, comparable studies have not been published from Europe. The objectives of the present study were to examine changes in periodontal referral patterns in Norway in 2003 versus 2018 and to compare these with trends observed in the United States and Australia using universal criteria for grading of periodontal severity. Materials and methods A retrospective analysis of 369 charts from four Norwegian periodontics clinics was completed. Data on year of referral, gender, age, tobacco smoking, periodontal status and missing teeth at initial examination, teeth planned for extraction, and periodontal case type were collected using a survey format; case type I, II, III, and IV representing increasing severity of periodontitis, case type V representing referral for other periodontal conditions (peri-implantitis, refractory periodontitis, etc.). Chi-square, t-tests, and negative binomial regression were used for the statistical analysis. Results Compared with 2003, the 2018 data showed an increase in mean age at referral (p < 0.05), overall distribution of case type III and V (p = 0.047), and number of missing teeth (p = 0.001). Further, a decrease in prevalence of smokers (p < 0.05), but no change in number of teeth planned for extraction (p = 0.104), were observed. Conclusions During a period of 15 years, changes in periodontal referral patterns in Norway are similar to those in the United States and Australia. The adoption of a guideline-based referral practice might be beneficial for both the dental profession and patients.publishedVersio

Ensemble-based history matching of the Edvard Grieg field using 4D seismic data

The Edvard Grieg field is a highly complex and heterogeneous reservoir with an extensive fault structure and a mixture of sandstone, conglomerate, and shale. In this paper, we present a complete workflow for history matching the Edvard Grieg field using an ensemble smoother for Bayesian inference. An important aspect of the workflow is a methodology to check that the prior assumptions are suitable for assimilating the data, and procedures to verify that the posterior results are plausible and credible. We thoroughly describe several tools and visualization techniques for these purposes. Using these methods we show how to identify important parameters of the model. Furthermore, we utilize new compression methods for better handling large datasets. Simulating fluid flow and seismic response for reservoirs of this size and complexity requires high numerical resolution and accurate seismic models. We present a novel dual-model concept for a better representation of seismic data and attributes, that deploy different models for the underground depending on simulated properties. Results from history matching show that we can improve data matches for both production data and different seismic attributes. Updated parameters give new insight into the reservoir dynamics, and are calibrated to better represent water movement and pressure.publishedVersio

Polymorphisms in the TP53-MDM2-MDM4-axis in patients with rheumatoid arthritis

Background In addition to being a tumour suppressor, TP53 is a suppressor of inflammation, and dysfunction of this gene has been related to autoimmune diseases. Patients with autoimmunity, such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) have an increased risk of certain cancers, like lymphomas, indicating that some underlying mechanisms may modulate risk of both cancers and autoimmunity. Methods We genotyped 5 common genetic variants in TP53 and its main regulators MDM2 and MDM4 in a sample of 942 RA patients and 3,747 healthy controls, and mined previously published GWAS-data, to assess the potential impact of these variants on risk of RA. Results For the TP53 Arg72Pro polymorphism (rs1042522), MDM4 SNP34091 (rs4245739) and MDM2 SNP285C (rs117039649), we found no association to risk of RA. For MDM2 SNP309 (rs2279744), the minor G-allele was associated with a reduced risk of RA (OR: 0.87; CI: 0.79–0.97). This association was also seen in genotype models (OR: 0.86; CI: 0.74–0.99 and OR: 0.79; CI 0.63–0.99; dominant and recessive model, respectively), but was not validated in a large GWAS data set. For MDM2 del1518 (rs3730485), the minor del-allele was associated with an increased risk of RA in the dominant model (OR: 1.18; CI: 1.02–1.38). Stratifying RA cases and controls into phylogenetic subgroups according to the combined genotypes of all three MDM2 polymorphism, we found individuals with the del158-285–309 genotype del/ins-G/G-T/T to have an increased risk of RA as compared to those with the ins/ins-G/G-G/G genotype (OR: 1.56; CI: 1.18–2.06) indicating opposite effects of the del1518 del-allele and the SNP309 G-allele. Conclusion We find a potential association between the MDM2 del1518 variant and RA, and indications that combinatorial genotypes and haplotypes in the MDM2 locus may be related to RA.publishedVersio

Review of electric vehicle technologies, charging methods, standards and optimization techniques

This paper presents a state-of-the-art review of electric vehicle technology, charging methods, standards, and optimization techniques. The essential characteristics of Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) and Electric Vehicle (EV) are first discussed. Recent research on EV charging methods such as Battery Swap Station (BSS), Wireless Power Transfer (WPT), and Conductive Charging (CC) are then presented. This is followed by a discussion of EV standards such as charging levels and their configurations. Next, some of the most used optimization techniques for the sizing and placement of EV charging stations are analyzed. Finally, based on the insights gained, several recommendations are put forward for future research

Genetic Determinants of Facial Clefting: Analysis of 357 Candidate Genes Using Two National Cleft Studies from Scandinavia

Facial clefts are common birth defects with a strong genetic component. To identify fetal genetic risk factors for clefting, 1536 SNPs in 357 candidate genes were genotyped in two population-based samples from Scandinavia (Norway: 562 case-parent and 592 control-parent triads; Denmark: 235 case-parent triads).We used two complementary statistical methods, TRIMM and HAPLIN, to look for associations across these two national samples. TRIMM tests for association in each gene by using multi-SNP genotypes from case-parent triads directly without the need to infer haplotypes. HAPLIN on the other hand estimates the full haplotype distribution over a set of SNPs and estimates relative risks associated with each haplotype. For isolated cleft lip with or without cleft palate (I-CL/P), TRIMM and HAPLIN both identified significant associations with IRF6 and ADH1C in both populations, but only HAPLIN found an association with FGF12. For isolated cleft palate (I-CP), TRIMM found associations with ALX3, MKX, and PDGFC in both populations, but only the association with PDGFC was identified by HAPLIN. In addition, HAPLIN identified an association with ETV5 that was not detected by TRIMM.Strong associations with seven genes were replicated in the Scandinavian samples and our approach effectively replicated the strongest previously known association in clefting--with IRF6. Based on two national cleft cohorts of similar ancestry, two robust statistical methods and a large panel of SNPs in the most promising cleft candidate genes to date, this study identified a previously unknown association with clefting for ADH1C and provides additional candidates and analytic approaches to advance the field