TO LOCALISE OR TO BE LOCALISED WITH WIFI IN THE HUBEI MUSEUM?

ISPRS The first method detects the beacon frames send by smartphones, laptops and other WiFi enabled devices in range using Libelium Meshlium Xtreme monitors. Their MAC addresses and the signal strength is measured by the Meshlium Xtreme and stored on an external database. We call this method WiFi monitoring. The second method a Wifi enabled device, like a smartphone, measures the signal strength of multiple Wifi Access Points in range to localise itself based on a previously created radio map. This method is known as WiFi fingerprinting. Both methods have some advantages and disadvantages. Advantages of the common way of WiFi fingerprinting are that the implementation costs are relatively low, because it is usually possible to use (a part of) the existing WiFi AP infrastructure. WiFi fingerprinting can reach a relatively high accuracy in the order of magnitude of meters. Finally, the location granularity can be adjusted to what is necessary for the purpose of the indoor localisation. This makes it employable for a wide range of purposes. The question remains how suitable these methods are for a 3D indoor navigation system for the Hubei provincial museum. One important aspect is the localisation-granularity necessary for the application. In a museum it is not necessary to know the exact X,Y position of a user (such high accuracy is unnecessary), more important is to know in which room the user is located so the information on exhibitions can be presented and the starting point of the navigation can be determined. Both methods can track the user and tell the room he or she is located at. Although WiFi smartphone monitoring may have a low update frequency it is still suitable for a navigation system for a museum since visitors usually spend more than a couple of minutes within a room

Rationales, design and recruitment of the Taizhou Longitudinal Study

<p/> <p>Background</p> <p>Rapid economic growth in China in the past decades has been accompanied by dramatic changes in lifestyle and environmental exposures. The burdens of non-communicable diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes and cancer, have also increased substantially.</p> <p>Methods/design</p> <p>We initiated a large prospective cohort–the Taizhou Longitudinal Study–in Taizhou (a medium-size city in China) to explore the environmental and genetic risk factors for common non-communicable diseases. The sample size of the cohort will be at least 100,000 adults aged 30–80 years drawn from the general residents of the districts of Hailin, Gaogang, and Taixing (sample frame, 1.8 million) of Taizhou. A three-stage stratified sampling method will be applied. Baseline investigations include interviewer-administered questionnaire, anthropometric measurements, and collection of buccal mucosal cells and blood specimens. DNA will be extracted for genetic studies and serum samples will be used for biochemical examinations. A follow-up survey will be conducted every three years to obtain information on disease occurrence and information on selected lifestyle exposures. Study participants will be followed-up indefinitely by using a chronic disease register system for morbidity and cause-specific mortality. Information on non-fatal events will be obtained for certain major categories of disease (e.g., cancer, stroke, myocardial infarction) through established registry systems.</p> <p>Discussion</p> <p>The Taizhou Longitudinal Study will provide a good basis for exploring the roles of many important environmental factors (especially those concomitant with the economic transformation in China) for common chronic diseases, solely or via interaction with genetic factors.</p

Taizhou Model: Institutional Innovation and the Development of Private Economy

Based on the case of Taizhou City in Zhejiang Province, the present paper investigates the mechanism of the interaction between the local government and private enterprise in the process of regional economic development. We identify the "Taizhou Model" as a model of institutional innovation and the development of private economy, which is private sector-induced and local government-promoted Indeed, the impact of such mechanisms has had a significant influence on the reforms and development of China s economic system. Copyright (c) 2008 The Authors.

A dynamic watershed model for determining the effects of transient storage on nitrogen export to rivers

Legacy anthropogenic nitrogen (N) has been suggested as a major cause for increasing riverine N exports despite significant declines in anthropogenic N inputs in many regions. However, little quantitative knowledge exists concerning the contribution of the legacy N pool to riverine N export. This study developed a dynamic watershed N delivery model to address the role of transient storage of anthropogenic N inputs on riverine N flux. Employing simple mass balance and equivalent substitution rules, the model expresses the transient storage of legacy N mass with a term that combines the previous one year's riverine total N (TN) flux, relevant explanatory variables, and unknown parameters, enabling us to inversely calibrate the model parameters from measurable variables using Bayesian statistics. The model efficacy was demonstrated through application to the Yong'an River watershed in eastern China based on a 31 year record (1980-2010) of riverine TN fluxes. The model can quantify annual transient storage of legacy N and its resulting contribution to annual riverine N flux. The model also allows partitioning of the complete long-term mass balance for the fate (e.g., transient storage, riverine export, and loss/retention by denitrification, biomass uptake and wood product export) of annual anthropogenic N inputs. To further improve the model, various N input-output processes can be specified and long-term measurements of N fates are required to further verify the model results. This study demonstrates the need to consider transient storage effects as an improvement to current watershed models and for developing and assessing N pollution control measures. Key Points A dynamic watershed model is developed to address the transient N storage effect Legacy anthropogenic N can contribute a dominative N flux to rivers Long-term fate and transport of anthropogenic N inputs are determine

Additional file 1 of The hepato-ovarian axis: genetic evidence for a causal association between non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and polycystic ovary syndrome

Additional file 1: Table S1. Key characteristics of participating studies. Table S2. GWAS significant SNPs used as genetic instruments for fasting insulin and fasting glucose. Table S3. GWAS significant SNPs used as genetic instruments for serum SHBG levels and bioavailable testosterone levels in women. Table S4. Direct causal effects of NAFLD, fasting insulin, fasting glucose, serum SHBG levels, and serum bioavailable testosterone levels on PCOS risk via multivariable MR analysis. Table S5. Direct causal effects of NAFLD, fasting insulin, fasting glucose, and serum SHBG levels on serum bioavailable testosterone levels via multivariable MR analysis. Table S6. Direct causal effects of NAFLD, fasting insulin, and fasting glucose on serum SHBG levels via multivariable MR analysis. Table S7. Obesity-related genome-wide significant genetic variants. Table S8. Directional pleiotropy test using MR-Egger intercepts. Table S9. Horizontal pleiotropy test using MR-PRESSO. Table S10. Linkage disequilibrium score regression results on genetic correlations between NAFLD, fasting insulin, fasting glucose, SHBG, BT, and PCOS. Table S11. Indirect causal effects between NAFLD and PCOS via fasting insulin, serum SHBG levels, and serum bioavailable testosterone levels through step-wise MR analysis