Internal organization and affectivity of social representations: an exploratory study

On s’intéresse à la composante affective des représentations sociales (RS). Plusieurs études considèrent que les émotions sont impliquées dans le traitement des informations, contribuant ainsi à l’organisation interne d’une RS. En complémentarité, nous considérons que les composantes affectives des RS sont constituées de “sentiments”: des schémas affectifs socialement construits, prédisposant les individus à ressentir certaines émotions et à agir en conséquence. Dans cette perspective, nous avons mis à l’épreuve l’hypothèse selon laquelle l’organisation interne des RS dépend en partie du fait que les éléments de la représentation partagent ou non des sentiments communs. Une étude par questionnaire a été réalisée à propos de la représentation de la conduite sur route. La comparaison des résultats obtenus par une tâche d’association d’éléments représentationnels et de caractérisation affective de ceux-ci confirme cette hypothèse. Dès lors, l’organisation interne d’une RS semble bien également répondre à une logique affective.We are interested by the affective component of social representations (SR). Several researches consider that emotions are involved in information processing, thus contributing to the internal organization of SR. Complementarily, we consider that the affective component of a SR is composed by “sentiments”: affectively and socially constructed schemas, predisposing the individuals to feel certain emotions and to act accordingly. In this frame, we test the hypothesis according to which the internal organization of a SR is partially a function of the sentiments shared or not by these elements. A questionnaire study was realized concerning the SR of driving. The comparison between the results obtained by an association task of representational elements and by an affective characterization of these ones confirms this hypothesis. In consequence, the internal organization of a SR also appears to be affectively constituted

Internal organization and affectivity of social representations: an exploratory study

On s’intéresse à la composante affective des représentations sociales (RS). Plusieurs études considèrent que les émotions sont impliquées dans le traitement des informations, contribuant ainsi à l’organisation interne d’une RS. En complémentarité, nous considérons que les composantes affectives des RS sont constituées de “sentiments”: des schémas affectifs socialement construits, prédisposant les individus à ressentir certaines émotions et à agir en conséquence. Dans cette perspective, nous avons mis à l’épreuve l’hypothèse selon laquelle l’organisation interne des RS dépend en partie du fait que les éléments de la représentation partagent ou non des sentiments communs. Une étude par questionnaire a été réalisée à propos de la représentation de la conduite sur route. La comparaison des résultats obtenus par une tâche d’association d’éléments représentationnels et de caractérisation affective de ceux-ci confirme cette hypothèse. Dès lors, l’organisation interne d’une RS semble bien également répondre à une logique affective.We are interested by the affective component of social representations (SR). Several researches consider that emotions are involved in information processing, thus contributing to the internal organization of SR. Complementarily, we consider that the affective component of a SR is composed by “sentiments”: affectively and socially constructed schemas, predisposing the individuals to feel certain emotions and to act accordingly. In this frame, we test the hypothesis according to which the internal organization of a SR is partially a function of the sentiments shared or not by these elements. A questionnaire study was realized concerning the SR of driving. The comparison between the results obtained by an association task of representational elements and by an affective characterization of these ones confirms this hypothesis. In consequence, the internal organization of a SR also appears to be affectively constituted

Représentation de l’autonomie dans le champ de l’orientation scolaire et professionnelle

L’étude vise à mettre en évidence que l'autonomie est un objet de représentations sociales pour les acteurs de l’orientation. Des conseillers d’orientation psychologues, des conseillers en insertion et des conseillers en bilan de compétences expriment leurs points de vue, puis celui des professionnels de l’orientation et des usagers. Leurs discours font ressortir l’importance qu’ils accordent de manière consensuelle à la prise de conscience comme moyen de rendre compte de l’autonomie en orientation. Les représentations propres à chaque acteur rendent compte de conceptions distinctes et s’ancrent de manière secondaire dans une approche individualiste de la personne.The purpose of this study is to demonstrate that autonomy is an object of social representations for professional vocational counsellors. We first asked three different groups of counsellors to express their own views on autonomy and then asked them to express the opinion they respectively attribute to others professionals and users. Their discourse emphasise the importance they consensually give to awareness as a means of accounting for autonomy in vocational counselling. Representations specific to each type of interviewee found the different conceptions of autonomy and, secondarily, are rooted in an individualistic approach of the person

An international tool to measure perceived stressors in intensive care units: the PS-ICU scale.

Background The intensive care unit is increasingly recognized as a stressful environment for healthcare professionals. This context has an impact on the health of these professionals but also on the quality of their personal and professional life. However, there is currently no validated scale to measure specific stressors perceived by healthcare professionals in intensive care. The aim of this study was to construct and validate in three languages a perceived stressors scale more specific to intensive care units (ICU). Results We conducted a three-phase study between 2016 and 2019: (1) identification of stressors based on the verbatim of 165 nurses and physicians from 4 countries (Canada, France, Italy, and Spain). We identified 99 stressors, including those common to most healthcare professions (called generic), as well as stressors more specific to ICU professionals (called specific); (2) item elaboration and selection by a panel of interdisciplinary experts to build a provisional 99-item version of the scale. This version was pre-tested with 70 professionals in the 4 countries and enabled us to select 50 relevant items; (3) test of the validity of the scale in 497 ICU healthcare professionals. Factor analyses identified six dimensions: lack of fit with families and organizational functioning; patient- and family-related emotional load; complex/at risk situations and skill-related issues; workload and human resource management issues; difficulties related to team working; and suboptimal care situations. Correlations of the PS-ICU scale with a generic stressors measure (i.e., the Job Content Questionnaire) tested its convergent validity, while its correlations with the Maslach Burnout Inventory-HSS examined its concurrent validity. We also assessed the test–retest reliability of PS-ICU with intraclass correlation coefficients. Conclusions The perceived stressors in intensive care units (PS-ICU) scale have good psychometric properties in all countries. It includes six broad dimensions covering generic or specific stressors to ICU, and thus, enables the identification of work situations that are likely to generate high levels of stress at the individual and unit levels. For future studies, this tool will enable the implementation of targeted corrective actions on which intervention research can be based. It also enables national and international comparisons of stressors’ impact.post-print925 K

Validation française de l’inventaire d’attitudes envers le recours aux services de santé mentale.

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Speeding or not speeding? When subjective assessment of safe, pleasurable and risky speeds determines speeding behaviour

It is hypothesized that in a given situation speeding behaviour is determined by three subjective speed assessments: the speed perceived as the riskiest, the speed perceived as the safest, and the speed perceived as the most pleasurable. Specifically, if these assessments are high, drivers are expected to circulate faster. Such speed perceptions are also viewed as influenced by attitudes towards speed and speed limits. 177 car drivers, included 102 men and 75 women between 18 and 72 years (M = 43, SD = 21) and with a mean driving experience of 22 years (SD = 19), answered to a questionnaire about their attitudes towards speed and speed limits, the speeds they considered as the riskiest, the safest, and the most pleasurable in three different contexts, as well as their usual speed. Data analyses (ANOVA and path analyses) confirmed the influence of the three types of speed assessment on the usual speed and that the influence of attitudes on this behaviour is mediated by these three assessments. Results suggest that not only a change in attitudes and beliefs is desirable, but a concrete specification (e.g., 100 Km/h) of speeds perceived as safe, pleasurable and risky is also needed in order to reduce speeding behaviour

Work motivation and reactions to injustice of temporary workers: Roles of social identities, autonomy, and compensations

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Work Motivation and Reactions to Injustice of Temporary Workers: Roles of Social Identities, Autonomy, and Compensations

This article addresses the impact of temporary employment on workers’ social identification, work motivation, and reactions to injustice at the workplace. More precisely, we examined whether organisational identification mediates the effect temporary work (compared to permanent employment) on work motivation, and reactions to injustice. We also examined whether autonomy in contract-choice and compensating features of job contracts (employment duration, qualification matching, and negotiated wages) have positive effects on the organisational and ingroup identifications of temporary workers. Finally, we examined whether ingroup identification of temporary workers act as a mediator and moderates the effect of organisational identification. Results from a survey comparing agency workers with fixed-term and permanent employees mainly from the industry sector first reveal that organisational identification mediates the negative effect of temporary work on work motivation and its positive association with self-centred reactions to injustice. Nevertheless, cluster analysis revealed the existence of three subgroups of agency workers, a minority of them—autonomous and compensated—having similarly high levels of identification and motivation than permanent employees. Additionally, autonomous and compensated workers identify more with their ingroup than low-autonomy and low-compensations workers, ingroup identification explaining their difference in terms of work motivation. Furthermore, ingroup identification of agency workers interact with organisational identification to determine their reactions to injustice. Implications, limitations, and research perspectives deriving from this study are discussed

Le travail temporaire réduit-il toujours l'identification sociale et la motivation ? Le rôle des conditions compensatrices et de l'autonomie.

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