Things You Cannot Do in Norway: Multilingual Transnational Action and Interaction in Digital Communication

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.Migrants from Senegal constitute a small minority in Norway, which complicates their possibilities of carrying out certain linguistic and cultural practices face-to-face. However, with increased access to digital means, socio-cultural practices, including multilingual discourse, may be participated in transnationally. In this paper, we analyse two stretches of multimodal conversation between a Senegalese living in Norway and two interlocutors in Senegal, more specifically one WhatsApp conversation with a nephew, and one Messenger interaction with a close friend. Based on interview and interactional data, we investigate how they use their various communicative resources to negotiate transnational relationships, and to seek emotional, spiritual, and practical support. The analysis shows how language choice is used to create virtual togetherness (Baldassar 2008; Nedelcu and Wyss 2016) in different ways. The interlocutors engage in practices ranging from phatic communication, banter and gifting, to help with practical issues and doing business as they manage different mobile chronotopes (Lyons and Tagg 2019). Our research extends the use of the mobile chronotope to include voice messages and considers more intimate relationships. It shines light on the immense resourcefulness of highly multilingual individuals in achieving their communicative aims and points this out as a fruitful area for future investigation.publishedVersio

Digital polycentricity and diasporic connectivity: A Norwegian-Senegalese case study

This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non-commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.© 2021 The Authors. Journal of Sociolinguistics published by John Wiley & Sons LtdDigital communication remains largely unexplored in sociolinguistic research on diaspora and language. In this paper, ethnographically collected data from Norway-based families of Senegalese heritage are explored to identify how family members use digital media to engage with diaspora concerns and projects, and how this engagement shapes their multilingual practices online. We re-contextualize the concept of polycentricity (Blommaert et al.) from the physical setting of a neighbourhood or region to complex ecologies of digital media, and identify four ‘centres’, that is, distinct orientations for participants’ digital language and literacy practices, in which linguistic choices are associated with diaspora discourses, genres, and imagery. Each centre constrains the deployment of linguistic and semiotic resources in ways that are related both to historically rooted sociolinguistic hierarchies and affordances of digital media. The findings support a key claim in language and diaspora research, that is, the fine-grained patterning of linguistic resources in diaspora communities. They also underscore the need to extend the empirical scope of a sociolinguistics of diaspora from co-present to mediated interaction, and to explore the interplay between the two.publishedVersio

Klynge-initiativ innenfor pop & rock i Hedmark fylke

English: The County Council of Hedmark, Norway, has through a study in 2005, decided that there is a cluster initiative in pop & rock music in the region. And they have also agreed on that there is an aim on becoming the number one county in Norway on music. The decision is made on the facts that there are actors, organizations, higher education, and initiative that support the developing of such a cluster. Through definitions and literature on clusters, regional innovation systems and learning region, there are relevant signs that give the cluster initiative support. And through methods or tools that describe the development of a cluster, it is possible to reflect on the current cluster and its growth in Hedmark. Through interviews of the three most central actors linked to the initiative on pop & rock in Hedmark, it is possible to analyze some of the fundaments the cluster is build on, the different focuses the actors have according to development of the cluster, and what they expect would happen in the future. Together with relevant theories the pop & rock cluster initiative in Hedmark County is being analyzed.Norsk: Hedmark fylkeskommune har etter en studierapport i 2005 gjort et vedtak om at det finnes et klyngeinitiativ innenfor pop & rock i Hedmark. De har også gjort et vedtak om at det er et mål å bli det ledende fylke i Norge innenfor musikk. Vedtaket er gjort med bakgrunn i at det finnes aktører, organisasjoner, høgere utdanning og et konkret initiativ som støtter utviklingen av en slik klynge. Gjennom definisjoner og i litteratur om klynger, regionale innovasjonssystemer og lærende regioner, finnes det relevante funn som støtter erkjennelsen av at det eksisterer et slikt klyngeinitiativ. Og gjennom å se på metoder og verktøy som beskriver klyngeutvikling, er det mulig å analysere og reflektere rundt det aktuelle klyngeinitiativet og dets utvikling i Hedmark. Resultatene av intervjuer med de tre meste sentrale aktørene knyttet til det aktuelle klyngeinitiativet, gir mulighet for å analysere deler av fundamentet for et slikt klyngeinitiativ, de forskjellige fokus de tre aktørene har til utvikling av klyngeinitiativet, samt hvilke forventninger de har til framtidsutsikter knyttet til klyngeinitiativet. Dette samt relevante teorier er utgangspunktet for analysen av klyngeinitiativet knyttet til pop & rock i Hedmark

Straffetilsagn og straffeprosessloven § 92 (2) : en vurdering av forholdet mellom løfteforbudet i straffeprosessloven § 92 (2) og bindende tilsagn om påtalemyndighetens straffepåstand

Straffeprosessloven § 92 (2) setter forbud mot bruk av løfter i avhør. Problemstillingen for oppgaven er om løfteforbudet stenger for at påtalemyndigheten inngår avtale med siktede om hva straffepåstanden skal gå ut på når siktede tilstår. En ordning der siktede og påtalemyndigheten forhandler om straffenivå har klare likhetstrekk med det amerikanske systemet med plea bargaining. Slike ordninger har tidligere blitt ansett å være uforenelig med norsk rett. Som Andenæs skriver i sin lærebok i straffeprosess: ”Forhandlinger etter mønster av amerikansk plea bargaining ville være i strid med norske rettsprinsipper”.1 Det er likevel på det rene at slike forhandlinger forekommer. Fra rettspraksis er avgjørelsene inntatt i Rt-2005-1453 og Rt-2007-616 sentrale. I begge sakene var det avgitt skriftlige tilsagn om straffepåstand i forbindelse med tilståelse fra siktede. På bakgrunn av disse sakene har Riksadvokaten uttalt at det ”… ikke knytter seg betenkeligheter til at påtalemyndigheten avgir tilsagn om straffepåstand.”2 Men Høyesterett har ikke behandlet spørsmålet om slike avtaler vil være i strid med løfteforbudet i straffeprosessloven § 92 (2) og dermed ulovlig fremskaffet bevis. Det er dette som er tema for denne oppgaven. Straffetilsagn vil i den videre fremstillingen brukes som kortform for bindende tilsagn fra påtalemyndigheten om hvilken straffepåstand som skal nedlegges

Cluster initiatives in Hedmark : practical approaches to cluster initiatives and development of regional innovation systems - and - the changing requirement concerning management throughout the process. Two examples from Hedmark County, Norway

Innlandet har flere klyngeinitiativ som blir fulgt opp og utviklet i regi av virkemiddelapparatet, herunder også Kunnskapsparkene. Kunnskapsparken Hedmark har bioforedling og kulturnæringer som fokusområder. I denne avhandlingen har vi valgt å presentere og belyse utfordringer knyttet til utviklingen av to ulike klyngeinitiativ, en på anvendt bioteknologi og en på musikk (pop/rock). Begge klyngeinitiativ er initiert og har sitt hovedsete i Hedmark, med tilknyttede aktører i Oppland, men også i andre regioner. Fokuset på å utvikle regionale næringsklynger bunner først og fremst i behovet for at næringsaktører og FoU miljø i større grad samarbeider og samhandler for å øke konkurransekraften. Ved å initiere fellesprosjekter bidrar man til å øke verdiskapingen i regionen, konsekvensen blir at man løfter ulike fagmiljø til å bli mer attraktive og man kan slik lettere rekruttere ny arbeidskraft, flere studenter og på alle måter skape merverdi. Et regionalt klyngeinitiativ går aktivt inn i prosessen med å fjerne barrierer mellom de ulike aktørene, så som mellom næring og høgskole/universitet. Det handler om å smelte sammen ulike kulturer og synliggjøre verdien av samarbeid med tanke på synergier og økt nasjonal og internasjonal konkurransekraft. Målsettingen vil da være å bli en lærende region, dvs. et innovasjonssystem der alle barrierer er fraværende og kommunikasjonsflyten derved er svært god. Slik kan man ta ut merverdien og skape et godt innovasjonsmiljø. Denne avhandlingen knytter arbeidet med klyngeutvikling opp til relevant teori og belyser slik de utfordringer man står overfor, systemisk og praktisk. I begynnelsen av utviklingsprosessen ligger det en forventning om sterkt offentlig engasjement, i forhold til ledelse og koordinering samt finansiering. Gjennom å gradvis få tettere dialog med de ulike næringsaktørene og evt. et FoU miljø ligger det en forventning om at næringsaktørene gradvis går inn mer aktivt i klyngeutviklingen, både med menneskelige ressurser og kapital. Forankringen hos de ulike aktørene og det å alliere seg med en respektert person som kan snakke varmt om klyngeprosessen er en kritisk suksessfaktor. Etter hvert som klyngeutviklingen blir mer kjent, forstått og akseptert kan klyngefasilitatoren rette blikket utover, fra det regionale til det nasjonale og etter hvert det internasjonale miljø. I Norge finnes det to hovedprogrammer for klyngeutvikling, Arena og Norwegian Centres of Expertise. Arena er ment for de mer umodne miljøene, mens NCE programmet er tiltenkt de klyngene som har størst vekstpotensial og som gjør seg gjeldende i et internasjonalt marked. Denne avhandlingen presenterer to case; BIOINN som har avsluttet sin programperiode som Arenaprosjekt og nå står på egne ben på regionale offentlige og private midler, samt musikk-klyngen i Hedmark som er i tidlig fase i utviklingen, men har et stort potensial og er i god driv. Kravet til ledelse varierer i forhold til hvilket utviklingstrinn klyngen er i, og arbeidets grad av suksess er gjerne knyttet til at man ikke slipper fokus og er i aktiv dialog med alle aktørene. Man må kontinuerlig være på post og drive aktiv markedsføring, motiveringsarbeid og på ulike måter holde trykket og entusiasmen oppe. / Norway`s Inland Region has several Cluster Initiatives that are conducted and followedup by the public offices of the region, Hedmark Innovation Centre included. The focus areas of Hedmark Innovation Centre are biotechnology-related activities and Creative industries. These MSc thesis present and enlighten the challenges working with cluster development, and give more detailed information on two cases; BIOINN, within applied biotechnology and a cluster initiative within pop/rock music. Both initiatives are initiated and have their main site in Hedmark County, with collaborative partners in Oppland County and also in other regions in Norway. The development of regional clusters focuses on the collaboration aspects, mostly between industry and R&D. This is important in order to increase the competitive advantages, nationally and internationally. By the initiation and performance of collaborative projects between different partners, the regional value creation is enhanced, making it easier to recruit highly qualified people to the region. This is by all means created added value. A regional Cluster Initiative is an initiative for taking away the barriers between the different partners in the Cluster, for instance between University College/University and industry partners. The goal is to merge the different cultures and visualise the synergy effects of cooperation and competition (= coopetition) to increase the competitive advantages nationally and internationally. The vision of the cluster initiative is to become a learning region; a regional innovation system without barriers and with a satisfying and well-functioning communication flow. This means increased value creation for the partners within the Cluster initiative and for the whole region. These MSc theses links the cluster development in practise to relevant theory, and points out the challenges, both systemically and practically. In the very start of the development the public offices are expected to take the lead of the process to coordinate and also to support the cluster initiative financially. The understanding and acceptance of the process within the industry increases through a gradually closer dialogue between the partners and then, gradually, they will make some financial and human capital input to take a more active part in the work. The anchoring in the industry is of crucial importance to succeed. So is the need of an ambassador to speak out on behalf of the Cluster partners, a respected man or woman that can motivate and persuade the partners to see the win-win-situation and join. The cluster facilitator should change his/her focus to be of more national and international character after some time working with the more regional matters, in order to make the products and the partners presented internationally. In Norway there are two different cluster development programs; Arena and Norwegian Centres of Expertise - NCE, both funded by Innovation Norway, SIVA and the Norwegian Research Council. The Arena program meet the needs of immature clusters and cluster initiatives, as the NCE program is especially serving the clusters that already do create added value, and is a well-known partner in the international market. The thesis present two cases, BIOINN and music cluster initiative. BIOINN has recently ended its program period within Arena. BIOINN is now working on its own feet thanks to regional public and private support. Case no 2 is the Music-cluster of pop/rock, also from Hedmark County. This is a small cluster initiative, with great potential, which is in a positive development process now. The need for management varies throughout the process, dependent on which phase of cluster development you are for the time being. The degree of success is connected to the fact that you can’t let it go and certainly cannot trust that things will happen on its own. The facilitator must supervise the regional processes at all time in order to coordinate and focus on the value added through acting together. The facilitator must continuously inform the industry and other partners in order to sustain motivation through the whole process of cluster development

Fra ensom ulv til journalistisk samarbeid over landegrenser

Postponed access: the file will be accessible after 2022-06-01Det ligger i DNA-et til enhver undersøkende journalist å være alene om et eksklusivt scoop. Å være den som breaker den store nyheten alle snakker om. Hva er det som får den egenrådige journalisten til å gi slipp på sitt territorium, og frivillig dele funn med rivaler fra mediehus i andre land? Denne formen for samarbeid, der journalister fra ulike redaksjoner samarbeider på tvers av nasjonale grenser, er det jeg skal se nærmere på i denne oppgaven. Hvordan oppstår slike samarbeid, og hva er nøkkelen for at transnasjonalt samarbeid mellom journalister skal lykkes? Og ikke minst: Hvorfor oppstår denne formen for samarbeid?Masteroppgave i undersøkende journalistikkUJO350MASV-UJ

Bolting and flowering control in sugar beet: relationships and effects of gibberellin, the bolting gene B and vernalization

Using a co-dominant genotypic PCR marker we show for the first time that, in sugar beet, the GA and B-gene pathways are independent for bolt initiation. We show that vernalization permits GA-dependant stem elongation and that the B-allele influences subsequent flowering

LB Crystallization and Preliminary X-ray Diffraction Analysis of L-Asparaginase from Rhodospirillum rubrum

Protein X-ray crystallography will remain the most powerful method to obtain the protein 3D atomic structures in foreseeable future. However, the production of the protein crystal as well as it quality (order, intensity of diffraction, radiation stability) remains the major problem. Many important proteins including those of life science interest and pharmaceutical industry impact are difficult to crystallize. The second major problem in protein crystallography is radiation damage of obtaining crystals which can only be partially overcome by existing methods. In the present work we use the protein LB nanotemplate crystallization method - generalized procedure for triggering of crystallization of any given protein, which allows to obtain radiation stable and high quality diffracting crystals for further X-ray analysis by synchrotron radiation. We apply LB nanotemplate method to crystallization of L-asparaginase from Rhodospirillum rubrum. This protein has potential application for combined chemical and enzymatic therapy of malignant blood disorders and therefore for new anticancer drug development. We also compare the diffraction quality of asparagines crystal obtained by classical method and LB nanotemplate and report preliminary X-ray diffraction characterization by synchrotron radiation

Identification of Clinically Relevant Protein Targets in Prostate Cancer with 2D-DIGE Coupled Mass Spectrometry and Systems Biology Network Platform

Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common type of cancer found in men and among the leading causes of cancer death in the western world. In the present study, we compared the individual protein expression patterns from histologically characterized PCa and the surrounding benign tissue obtained by manual micro dissection using highly sensitive two-dimensional differential gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE) coupled with mass spectrometry. Proteomic data revealed 118 protein spots to be differentially expressed in cancer (n = 24) compared to benign (n = 21) prostate tissue. These spots were analysed by MALDI-TOF-MS/MS and 79 different proteins were identified. Using principal component analysis we could clearly separate tumor and normal tissue and two distinct tumor groups based on the protein expression pattern. By using a systems biology approach, we could map many of these proteins both into major pathways involved in PCa progression as well as into a group of potential diagnostic and/or prognostic markers. Due to complexity of the highly interconnected shortest pathway network, the functional sub networks revealed some of the potential candidate biomarker proteins for further validation. By using a systems biology approach, our study revealed novel proteins and molecular networks with altered expression in PCa. Further functional validation of individual proteins is ongoing and might provide new insights in PCa progression potentially leading to the design of novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies