An investigation of techniques that aim to improve the quality of labels provided by the crowd

The 2013 MediaEval Crowdsourcing task looked at the problem of working with noisy crowdsourced annotations of image data. The aim of the task was to investigate possible techniques for estimating the true labels of an image by using the set of noisy crowdsourced labels, and possibly any content and metadata from the image itself. For the runs in this paper, we’ve applied a shotgun approach and tried a number of existing techniques, which include generative probabilistic models and further crowdsourcing

GASTROINTESTINAL SENSOR IMPLANTATION SYSTEM

A gastrointestinal ( GI ) sensor deployment device is dis closed . In implementations , the sensor deployment device includes an orally - administrable capsule with a tissue cap ture device removably coupled to the orally - administrable capsule . The tissue capture device includes a plurality of fasteners for connecting the tissue capture device to GI tissue within a body . A biometric sensor is coupled to the tissue capture device for continuous or periodic monitoring of the GI tract of the body at the GI tissue attachment location . A chamber within the orally - administrable capsule is configured to draw gastrointestinal tissue towards the plurality of fasteners when a fluid pressure of the chamber is increased . An actuator can be configured to cause an increase of the fluid pressure of the chamber . Control circuitry coupled to the actuator can be configured to trigger the actuator to cause the increase of the fluid pressure of the chamber at a selected tim

Warkworth 12-m VLBI Station: WARK12M

The Warkworth 12-m radio telescope is operated by the Institute for Radio Astronomy and Space Research (IRASR) at AUT University, Auckland, New Zealand. Here we review the characteristics of the 12-m VLBI station and report on a number of activities and technical developments in 2012

Applied physiology of female soccer: an update

The popularity and professionalism of female soccer has increased markedly in recent years, with elite players now employed on either a professional or semiprofessional basis. The previous review of the physiological demands of female soccer was undertaken two decades ago when the sport was in its relative infancy. Increased research coupled with greater training and competition demands warrants an updated review to consider the effect on physical performance and injury patterns. The physical demands of match-play along with the influence of factors such as the standard of competition, playing position and fatigue have been explored. Total distance covered for elite female players is approximately 10 km, with 1.7 km completed at high-speed (>18 km·h-1). Elite players complete 28 % more high-speed running and 24 % more sprinting than moderate-level players. Decrements in highspeed running distance have been reported between and within halves, which may indicate an inability to maintain high-intensity activity. Although the physical capacity of female players is the most thoroughly researched area, comparisons are difficult due to differing protocols. Elite players exhibit maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) values of 49.4–57.6 mL·kg-1·min-1, Yo Yo Intermittent Endurance test level 2 (YYIE2) scores of 1,774 ± 532 m [mean ± standard deviation (SD)] and 20 m sprint times of 3.17 ± 0.03 s (mean ± SD). Reasons for the increased prevalence of anterior cruciate ligament injuries in females (2–6 times greater than males) are discussed, with anatomical, biomechanical loading and neuromuscular activation differences being cited in the literature. This review presents an in-depth contemporary examination of the applied physiology of the female soccer player

Conversion of New Zealand's 30m Telecommunication Antenna into a Radio Telescope

We describe our approach to the conversion of a former 100-foot (30-m) telecommunication antenna in New Zealand into a radio telescope. We provide the specifications of the Earth Station and identify the priorities for the conversion. We describe implementation of this plan with regards to mechanical and electrical components, as well as design of the telescope control system, telescope networking for VLBI, and telescope maintenance. Plans for RF, front-end and back-end developments based on radio astronomical priorities are outlined.Comment: Accepted for PASA with small modifications, 11 pages, 13 Figure

Self-Alignment with Instruction Backtranslation

We present a scalable method to build a high quality instruction following language model by automatically labelling human-written text with corresponding instructions. Our approach, named instruction backtranslation, starts with a language model finetuned on a small amount of seed data, and a given web corpus. The seed model is used to construct training examples by generating instruction prompts for web documents (self-augmentation), and then selecting high quality examples from among these candidates (self-curation). This data is then used to finetune a stronger model. Finetuning LLaMa on two iterations of our approach yields a model that outperforms all other LLaMa-based models on the Alpaca leaderboard not relying on distillation data, demonstrating highly effective self-alignment

The Furman University River Basins Research Initiative: A Multidisciplinary Examination of Urban Influences on Piedmont Streams

2008 S.C. Water Resources Conference - Addressing Water Challenges Facing the State and Regio

Accounting for model error in strong-constraint 4DVar data assimilation

The strong constraint formulation of four-dimensional variational data assimilation (4DVar) assumes that the model used in the process perfectly describes the true dynamics of the system. However, this assumption often does not hold and the use of an erroneous model in strong constraint 4DVar can lead to a sub-optimal estimation of the initial conditions. We show how the presence of model error can be correctly accounted for in strong constraint 4D-Var by allowing for errors in both the observations and the model when considering the statistics of the innovation vector. We demonstrate that when these combined model error and observation error statistics are used in place of the standard observation error statistics in the strong constraint formulation of 4DVar, a statistically more accurate estimate of the initial state is obtained. The calculation of the combined model error and observation error statistics requires the specification of model error covariances, which in practice are often unknown. We present a method to estimate the combined statistics from innovation data that does not require explicit specification of the model error covariances. Numerical experiments using the linear advection equation and a simple nonlinear coupled model demonstrate the success of the new methods in reducing the error in the estimate of the initial state, even in the case when only the uncorrelated part of the model error is accounted for