Analisís del ciclo hidrológico menorquín: por una gestión sostenible en el territorio

El agua es un recurso natural de primera necesidad y esencial para la vida, la no disponibilidad del mismo compromete las posibilidades de crecimiento de una región. El manejo de los recursos utilizados para su gestión, la puesta en funcionamiento de las estructuras hídricas y la interacción de la sociedad con los mismos para su propio desarrollo se traducen desde sus inicios en el territorio y por lo tanto en la conformación del paisaje. En la isla de Menorca la ausencia de ríos ha determinado que la única fuente de acceso al agua potable sean las aguas subterráneas, actualmente la explotación de acuíferos es lo que se utiliza como práctica para el suministro de agua potable, dejando de lado progresivamente otros procedimientos que antiguamente eran utilizados (Estradé Niubó, 2004). Podemos apreciar la cultura del aprovechamiento del agua materializada en un paisaje con una clara identidad a partir de varias infraestructuras que anteriormente organizaban el manejo de este recurso haciendo un uso bastante diferente al que se realiza hoy en día. Por todo esto en este trabajo se procura analizar los distintos factores que actualmente intervienen en el ciclo hidrológico Menorquín, pretendiendo evaluar y comprender en términos cuantitativos y cualitativos si realmente se hace un uso sostenible de los recursos hídricos de la isla, a partir del un balance entre lo que sale a causa de las distintas actividades humanas y de lo que el sistema natural principalmente (biosfera) genera (lo que entra) para continuar en funcionamiento. Analizar e indagar sobre el modelo hídrico actual y al mismo tiempo llegar a proponer posibles alternativas en la gestión y/o una reorganización de lo existente en un marco sostenible serán los lineamientos para este trabajo. Cabe mencionar que el presente estudio está acompañado de otros cuatro trabajos cuya finalidad es la estudiar la gestión del agua en Menorca a distintas escalas y así colaborar en una posible alternativa al modelo hídrico actual dentro de un marco sostenible

Introduction

Peer reviewe

Impacto laboral de la COVID-19 en las familias de los estudiantes de la Universidad Tecnológica de Tecamachalco

Problematic: The problem is originated from the phenomenon that caused the isolation by COVID-19, collateral conflicts are observed, especially in the families of the students. Preserving students in this unprecedented context will have repercussions on the economic maintenance of the family nucleus, and in the accessibility to the school environment through virtual means. Objective: The objective is to identify the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the jobs of students’ families of the Universidad Tecnológica de Tecamachalco, Puebla, Mexico, to identify the actions implemented by the study subjects. Materials and methods: The materials and methods included a non-experimental research design, transversal in space - time. Its purpose is to describe variables and analyze their incidence and interrelation at a specific moment. In addition, this research is correlational and the approach is quantitative. Results: The sample of 340 is defined within a population of 2917 university students. The results obtained from the information gathered were achieved by calculating the indices by grouping the questions within the same dimension. Consequently, the bilateral significance in the correlations of the set of variables studied is in a range of 0,387 to 0,0. Discussion: The discussion oscillates in the uncertainty of not knowing what direction the pandemic would take, the employer's effort to stay and the expectation of a loss of employment. Considering the international observations and the measurement of premature impact, non-significant results were obtained. Conclusions: It is concluded that the impact is low and almost null, in consequence there is a possibility of conducting future research about the causes that define the current employment situation of the families of the University students. Contribution / originality: The contribution and originality is that studying a phenomenon such as this pandemic is even more complex than isolated numbers of employment and unemployment could be, due to the fact that it is an integral whole, and as regarded in the discussion, other data had to be resorted to understand the result.Problemática: la problemática se origina en el fenómeno que provocó el aislamiento por la COVID-19. Se observan conflictos colaterales, sobre todo en las familias de los estudiantes. Conservar el alumnado en este contexto inédito tendrá repercusiones en el mantenimiento económico del núcleo familiar y en la accesibilidad al ámbito escolar por medios virtuales. Objetivo: el objetivo es identificar el impacto de la pandemia de la COVID-19 en los empleos de las familias de los alumnos de la Universidad Tecnológica de Tecamachalco, Puebla, México, para identificar las acciones implementadas por los sujetos de estudio. Materiales y métodos: los materiales y métodos utilizados implican un diseño de investigación no experimental, transversal en el espacio / tiempo. Su propósito es describir variables y analizar su incidencia e interrelación en un momento dado. Aunado a ello, esta investigación es correlacional y el enfoque es cuantitativo. Resultados: la muestra de 340 está definida dentro de una población de 2917 estudiantes de la Universidad. Los resultados obtenidos del levantamiento de información se lograron al calcular los índices al agrupar las preguntas dentro de una misma dimensión. En consecuencia, la significancia bilateral en las correlaciones del conjunto de variables estudiadas se encuentra en un rango de 0,387 a 0,0. Discusión: la discusión oscila en la incertidumbre de no saber qué rumbo tomaría la pandemia, el esfuerzo del empleador por mantenerse y la expectativa de una pérdida de empleo. Dadas las observaciones internacionales y la medición del impacto de manera prematura, se obtuvieron resultados no significativos. Conclusiones: finalmente se concluye que el impacto es bajo y casi nulo, por ello queda la posibilidad de realizar futuras investigaciones sobre las causas que definen la situación laboral actual de las familias de los estudiantes de la Universidad. Contribución / originalidad: la contribución y originalidad consisten en que estudiar un fenómeno, como lo es esta pandemia, resulta más complejo aún de lo que pudieran ser números aislados de empleo y desempleo, ya que es un todo integral y, como se verá en la discusión, se tuvo que recurrir a otros datos para comprender el resultado

177Lu-Dendrimer conjugated to folate and bombesin with gold nanoparticles in the dendritic cavity: A potential theranostic radiopharmaceutical

177Lu-labeled nanoparticles conjugated to biomolecules have been proposed as a new class of theranostic radiopharmaceuticals. The aim of this research was to synthesize 177Lu-dendrimer(PAMAM-G4)-folate-bombesin with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) in the dendritic cavity and to evaluate the radiopharmaceutical potential for targeted radiotherapy and the simultaneous detection of folate receptors (FRs) and gastrin-releasing peptide receptors (GRPRs) overexpressed in breast cancer cells. p-SCN-Benzyl-DOTA was conjugated in aqueous-basic medium to the dendrimer.The carboxylate groups of Lys1Lys3(DOTA)-bombesin and folic acid were activatedwithHATUand also conjugated to the dendrimer.The conjugate was mixed with 1%HAuCl4 followed by the addition of NaBH4 and purified by ultrafiltration. Elemental analysis (EDS), particle size distribution (DLS), TEM analysis, UV-Vis, and infrared and fluorescence spectroscopies were performed. The conjugate was radiolabeled using 177LuCl3 or 68GaCl3 and analyzed by radio-HPLC. Studies confirmed the dendrimer functionalization with high radiochemical purity (>95%). Fluorescence results demonstrated that the presence ofAuNPs in the dendritic cavity confers useful photophysical properties to the radiopharmaceutical for optical imaging. Preliminary binding studies in T47D breast cancer cells showed a specific cell uptake (41.15 ± 2.72%). 177Ludendrimer( AuNP)-folate-bombesin may be useful as an optical and nuclear imaging agent for breast tumors overexpressing GRPR and FRs, as well as for targeted radiotherapy.CONACYT-SEP-CB-2014-01-242443 International Atomic Energy Agency (Grant 18358) LaboratorioNacional de Investigaci´on yDesarrollo de Radiof´armacos, CONACy

Fluorescent, Plasmonic, and Radiotherapeutic Properties of the 177Lu–Dendrimer-AuNP–Folate–Bombesin Nanoprobe Located Inside Cancer Cells

The integration of fluorescence and plasmonic properties into one molecule is of importance in developing multifunctional imaging and therapy nanoprobes. The aim of this research was to evaluate the fluorescent properties and the plasmonic–photothermal, therapeutic, and radiotherapeutic potential of 177Lu–dendrimer conjugated to folate and bombesin with gold nanoparticles in the dendritic cavity (177Lu–DenAuNP–folate–bombesin) when it is internalized in T47D breast cancer cells. The intense near-Infrared (NIR) fluorescence emitted at 825 nm from the conjugate inside cells corroborated the usefulness of DenAuNP–folate–bombesin for optical imaging. After laser irradiation, the presence of the nanosystem in cells caused a significant increase in the temperature of the medium (46.8oC, compared to 39.1oC without DenAuNP–folate–bombesin, P < 0.05), resulting in a significant decrease in cell viability (down to 16.51% + 1.52%) due to the 177Lu–DenAuNP–folate–bombesin plasmonic properties. After treatment with 177Lu–DenAuNP–folate–bombesin, the T47D cell viability decreased 90% because of the radiation-absorbed dose (63.16 + 4.20 Gy) delivered inside the cells. The 177Lu–DenAuNP–folate–bombesin nanoprobe internalized in cancer cells exhibited properties suitable for optical imaging, plasmonic–photothermal therapy, and targeted radiotherapy.CONACYT-SEP-CB-2014-01-24244

Synthesis and in vitro evaluation of an antiangiogenic cancerspecific dual-targeting 177Lu-Au-nanoradiopharmaceutical

The aim of this research was to synthesize and chemically characterize a cancer-specific 177Lu-Aunanoradiopharmaceutical based on gold nanoparticles (NPs), the nuclear localization sequence (NLS)-Arg-Gly- Asp peptide and an aptamer (HS-pentyl-pegaptanib) to target both the a(v)b(3) integrin and the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) overexpressed in the tumor neovasculature, as well as to evaluate by the tube formation assay, the nanosystem capability to inhibit angiogenesis. 177Lu-NP-RGD-NLS-Aptamer was obtained with a radiochemical purity of 99 ± 1%. Complete inhibition of tube formation (angiogenesis) was demonstrated when endothelial cells (EA.hy926), cultured in a 3D-extracellular matrix support, were treated with the developed nanosystem.Mexican National Council of Science and Technology (CONACYT-SEP-CB-2014-01-242443)

Comparative and functional genomics of the protozoan parasite Babesia divergens highlighting the invasion and egress processes

Babesiosis is considered an emerging disease because its incidence has significantly increased in the last 30 years, providing evidence of the expanding range of this rare but potentially life-threatening zoonotic disease. Babesia divergens is a causative agent of babesiosis in humans and cattle in Europe. The recently sequenced genome of B. divergens revealed over 3,741 protein coding-genes and the 10.7-Mb high-quality draft become the first reference tool to study the genome structure of B. divergens. Now, by exploiting this sequence data and using new computational tools and assembly strategies, we have significantly improved the quality of the B. divergens genome. The new assembly shows better continuity and has a higher correspondence to B. bovis chromosomes. Moreover, we present a differential expression analysis using RNA sequencing of the two different stages of the asexual lifecycle of B. divergens: the free merozoite capable of invading erythrocytes and the intraerythrocytic parasite stage that remains within the erythrocyte until egress. Comparison of mRNA levels of both stages identified 1,441 differentially expressed genes. From these, around half were upregulated and the other half downregulated in the intraerythrocytic stage. Orthogonal validation by real-time quantitative reverse transcription PCR confirmed the differential expression. A moderately increased expression level of genes, putatively involved in the invasion and egress processes, were revealed in the intraerythrocytic stage compared with the free merozoite. On the basis of these results and in the absence of molecular models of invasion and egress for B. divergens, we have proposed the identified genes as putative molecular players in the invasion and egress processes. Our results contribute to an understanding of key parasitic strategies and pathogenesis and could be a valuable genomic resource to exploit for the design of diagnostic methods, drugs and vaccines to improve the control of babesiosis.This work was funded by grants from Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad from Spain (AGL2010-21774 and AGL2014-56193 R to EM and LMG). ES was awarded a research fellowship from Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad, Spain (http://www.mineco.gob.es/portal/site/mineco/). Work in CL’s laboratory is funded by a grant from the National Institutes of Health (https://www.nih.gov/) NIH- 1R01HL140625-01. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscriptS

Análisis fundamental y el sentimiento empresarial en el mercado de valores

Comprender el sentimiento empresarial, nos permite identificar burbujas financieras, sobrevaloraciones e infravaloraciones de las empresas. También, podemos identificar patrones de fuerza y dirección de la relación entre las variables financieras. Problema que se investiga: ¿Cuáles son las ratios bursátiles que están fuertemente asociados con el sentimiento empresarial? Objetivo de la investigación: Identificar las ratios bursátiles que están fuertemente asociadas con el sentimiento empresarial. Participantes: se importan los datos desde la interfaz de programación de aplicaciones (API, por sus siglas en inglés) de Yahoo! Finance con Python, para preparar y limpiar los datos, y se analiza seis indicadores de 30 empresas del mercado americano correspondientes al primer trimestre del 2023. Método de estudio: se aplica la metodología de Análisis de Componente Principal (PCA, por sus siglas en inglés). Para el análisis estadístico y reducción de dimensionalidad se aplica el software IBM SPSS. Resultados: el modelo está conformado por tres componentes principales, la cantidad óptima de los componentes principales son los valores por encima de 1.0, que son los más aceptables. Conclusiones: el 99.28% de la variable original Price/Sales, y el 99.27% de la variable Enterprise Value/Revenue, tienen una fuerte influencia en la formación del componente principal 1,2 y 3. Es decir, estos valores originales con relación a los componentes principales indican la fuerza y dirección del sentimiento empresarial

Overview of recent TJ-II stellarator results

The main results obtained in the TJ-II stellarator in the last two years are reported. The most important topics investigated have been modelling and validation of impurity transport, validation of gyrokinetic simulations, turbulence characterisation, effect of magnetic configuration on transport, fuelling with pellet injection, fast particles and liquid metal plasma facing components. As regards impurity transport research, a number of working lines exploring several recently discovered effects have been developed: the effect of tangential drifts on stellarator neoclassical transport, the impurity flux driven by electric fields tangent to magnetic surfaces and attempts of experimental validation with Doppler reflectometry of the variation of the radial electric field on the flux surface. Concerning gyrokinetic simulations, two validation activities have been performed, the comparison with measurements of zonal flow relaxation in pellet-induced fast transients and the comparison with experimental poloidal variation of fluctuations amplitude. The impact of radial electric fields on turbulence spreading in the edge and scrape-off layer has been also experimentally characterized using a 2D Langmuir probe array. Another remarkable piece of work has been the investigation of the radial propagation of small temperature perturbations using transfer entropy. Research on the physics and modelling of plasma core fuelling with pellet and tracer-encapsulated solid-pellet injection has produced also relevant results. Neutral beam injection driven Alfvénic activity and its possible control by electron cyclotron current drive has been examined as well in TJ-II. Finally, recent results on alternative plasma facing components based on liquid metals are also presentedThis work has been carried out within the framework of the EUROfusion Consortium and has received funding from the Euratom research and training programme 2014–2018 under Grant Agreement No. 633053. It has been partially funded by the Ministerio de Ciencia, Inovación y Universidades of Spain under projects ENE2013-48109-P, ENE2015-70142-P and FIS2017-88892-P. It has also received funds from the Spanish Government via mobility grant PRX17/00425. The authors thankfully acknowledge the computer resources at MareNostrum and the technical support provided by the Barcelona S.C. It has been supported as well by The Science and Technology Center in Ukraine (STCU), Project P-507F

Clonal chromosomal mosaicism and loss of chromosome Y in elderly men increase vulnerability for SARS-CoV-2

The pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19) had an estimated overall case fatality ratio of 1.38% (pre-vaccination), being 53% higher in males and increasing exponentially with age. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, we found 133 cases (1.42%) with detectable clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations (mCA) and 226 males (5.08%) with acquired loss of chromosome Y (LOY). Individuals with clonal mosaic events (mCA and/or LOY) showed a 54% increase in the risk of COVID-19 lethality. LOY is associated with transcriptomic biomarkers of immune dysfunction, pro-coagulation activity and cardiovascular risk. Interferon-induced genes involved in the initial immune response to SARS-CoV-2 are also down-regulated in LOY. Thus, mCA and LOY underlie at least part of the sex-biased severity and mortality of COVID-19 in aging patients. Given its potential therapeutic and prognostic relevance, evaluation of clonal mosaicism should be implemented as biomarker of COVID-19 severity in elderly people. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, individuals with clonal mosaic events (clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations and/or loss of chromosome Y) showed an increased risk of COVID-19 lethality