SELETIVIDADE DE CLETODIM, QUIZALOFOPE E IOXINILA APLICADOS ISOLADAMENTE OU EM MISTURA NA CEBOLA EZ5605

Knowledge of the selectivity of herbicides is fundamental for recommending of these products for weed control, so the objective of this study was to evaluate the selectivity of clethodim, quizalafop and ioxynil, applied alone or in a mixture in the cultivar EZ5605 of onion. The experiment was carried out in the field, in a randomized block design. The treatments applied in post-emergence were clethodim, quizalofop, ioxynil, clethodim + quizalofop, quizalofop + ioxynil and clethodim + quizalofop + ioxynil, with four pills. we know the phytotoxicity in plants, the height and dry mass of the leaves; and diameter and fresh mass in the bulbs. The herbicides caused symptoms of phytotoxicity in the cultivar, but at 28 days after application they were no longer present. No treatment affected shoot height and dry mass and bulb diameter and fresh mass, no treatment affected the height and dry mass of the aerial part and the diameter and fresh mass of the bulbs, indicating that the cultivar was tolerant to clethodim, quizalofop-p-ethyl, ioxynil alone or in combination mixtures with each other, when applied in post-emergence. It is concluded that the evaluated herbicides and mixtures are selective for the onion cultivar EZ5605.O conhecimento da seletividade de herbicidas é fundamental para a recomendação desses produtos para o controle de plantas daninhas, desta forma objetivou-se com esse estudo avaliar a seletividade do cletodim, quizalofope e ioxinila, aplicados isoladamente ou em mistura na cultivar EZ5605 de cebola. O experimento foi conduzido em campo, em delineamento de blocos casualizados. Os tratamentos aplicados em pós-emergência foram cletodim, quizalofope, ioxinila, cletodim + quizalofope, quizalofope + ioxinila e cletodim + quizalofope + ioxinila, com quatro repetições. Avaliou-se a fitotoxicidade nas plantas, a altura e massa seca das folhas; diâmetro e massa fresca dos bulbos. Os herbicidas causaram sintomas leves de fitotoxicidade na cultivar, porém aos 28 dias após aplicação os mesmos não estavam mais presentes. Nenhum tratamento afetou altura e massa seca da parte aérea e o diâmetro e massa fresca dos bulbos, indicando que a cultivar foi tolerante ao cletodim, quizalofope, ioxinila isoladamente ou em misturas de combinações entre si, quando aplicados em pós-emergência. Conclui-se que os herbicidas e misturas avaliados são seletivos para a cultivar EZ5605 de cebola. Palavras-chave: Allium cepa; controle químico; herbicida; tolerância.   Selectivity of clethodim, quizalafop and ioxynil applied alone or in mixture on onion EZ5605   ABSTRACT: Knowledge of the selectivity of herbicides is fundamental for recommending of these products for weed control, so the objective of this study was to evaluate the selectivity of clethodim, quizalafop and ioxynil, applied alone or in a mixture in the cultivar EZ5605 of onion. The experiment was carried out in the field, in a randomized block design. The treatments applied in post-emergence were clethodim, quizalofop, ioxynil, clethodim + quizalofop, quizalofop + ioxynil and clethodim + quizalofop + ioxynil, with four pills. we know the phytotoxicity in plants, the height and dry mass of the leaves; diameter and fresh mass in the bulbs. The herbicides caused symptoms of phytotoxicity in the cultivar, but at 28 days after application, they were no longer present. No treatment affected shoot height and dry mass and bulb diameter and fresh mass, no treatment affected the height and dry mass of the aerial part and the diameter and fresh mass of the bulbs, indicating that the cultivar was tolerant to clethodim, quizalofop-p-ethyl, ioxynil alone or in combination mixtures with each other, when applied in post-emergence. It is concluded that the evaluated herbicides and mixtures are selective for the onion cultivar EZ5605. Keywords: Allium cepa; chemical control; herbicide; tolerance

APLICAÇÃO DE CLOMAZONE E SULFENTRAZONE NO CONTROLE EM PÓS-EMERGÊNCIA TARDIA DE Merremia aegyptia E Panicum maximum

As espécies Merremia aegyptia e Panicum maximum são plantas daninhas extremante competidoras com as plantas cultivadas, assim necessitam de estratégias no seu controle me pós-emergência. Objetivo do trabalho foi testar a eficácia de doses de aplicações isoladas e em mistura de clomazone e/com sulfentrazone no controle de M. aegyptia e P. maximum em pós-emergência tardia. O experimento foi conduzido estufa, e o delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizados, em esquema fatorial 2 x 8, sendo o primeiro fator duas espécies de plantas daninhas, M. aegyptia e P. maximum, e o segundo fator sete tratamentos de herbicidas isolados ou em mistura mais uma testemunha, sendo: T1 como testemunha; T2 - sulfentrazone 0,8 kg/ha; T3 - clomazone 1,26 kg/ha; T4 - sulfentrazone 0,4 kg/ha; T5 - clomazone 0,63 kg/ha; T6 - clomazone + sulfentrazone (0,63+0,4 kg/ha); T7 - clomazone + sulfentrazone (0,94 + 0,6 kg/ha) e T8 - clomazone + sulfentrazone (1,26 + 0,8 kg/ha), com quatro repetições, totalizando 64 parcelas, constituída por um vaso de cinco litros. Os efeitos dos tratamentos foram avaliados aos 7, 14, 21 e 28 DAA pela porcentagem de controle e determinação da massa seca das plantas. Os resultados demonstram que a mistura formulada dos herbicidas clomazone e sulfentrazone (0,94 + 0,6; 1,26 + 0,8 kg/ha) apresentaram efeito positivo no controle das espécies de plantas daninhas estudadas, com controle respectivamente aos 28 DAA, em média de 75,4% e 88%. A mistura, clomazone + sulfentrazone (1,26 + 0,8 kg/ha) controla as espécies Merremia aegyptia (76,5%, 28 DAA) como Panicum maximum (100%, 28 DAA). O clomazone isolado não é eficiente para o controle de ambas espécies

Spatial distribution of nymphs and adults of Euschistus heros (Fabricius, 1794) (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) in transgenic soybean cultivars of different maturing cycles

The neotropical stink bug Euschistus heros is the predominant and most important insect pest affecting soybean cultivation. Knowledge of the spatial pattern of the pest in an area is critical to understanding its behavior. The objective of this work was to study the spatial distribution of E. heros in transgenic soybean cultivars of different maturing cycles. The experiments were conducted in the seasons 2013/14 and 2014/15 in FCAV/UNESP, Jaboticabal, SP. Three fields were selected, and each was marked an area of 8.000 m2 (0.8 ha), with each area divided into 80 portions of 100 m2 (10 m x 10 m). The transgenic soybean cultivars of different maturing cycles were: SYN 1365 RR (early), M 7908 RR (average), and BRS Valiosa RR (late). Samples were taken weekly using a beat sheet, registering the number of nymphs and adults of E. heros. To study the dispersion of E. heros, the following indices were used: variance/mean ratio, Morisita index, Green coefficient, and the exponent k of the negative binomial distribution. For studies of special distribution models of E. heros, adjustments of Poisson distribution and negative binomial distribution were tested. The spatial distribution of nymphs and adults was aggregated for all the cultivars studied, indicating that cultivars did not alter the distribution behavior of E. heros

31st Annual Meeting and Associated Programs of the Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer (SITC 2016) : part two

Background The immunological escape of tumors represents one of the main ob- stacles to the treatment of malignancies. The blockade of PD-1 or CTLA-4 receptors represented a milestone in the history of immunotherapy. However, immune checkpoint inhibitors seem to be effective in specific cohorts of patients. It has been proposed that their efficacy relies on the presence of an immunological response. Thus, we hypothesized that disruption of the PD-L1/PD-1 axis would synergize with our oncolytic vaccine platform PeptiCRAd. Methods We used murine B16OVA in vivo tumor models and flow cytometry analysis to investigate the immunological background. Results First, we found that high-burden B16OVA tumors were refractory to combination immunotherapy. However, with a more aggressive schedule, tumors with a lower burden were more susceptible to the combination of PeptiCRAd and PD-L1 blockade. The therapy signifi- cantly increased the median survival of mice (Fig. 7). Interestingly, the reduced growth of contralaterally injected B16F10 cells sug- gested the presence of a long lasting immunological memory also against non-targeted antigens. Concerning the functional state of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), we found that all the immune therapies would enhance the percentage of activated (PD-1pos TIM- 3neg) T lymphocytes and reduce the amount of exhausted (PD-1pos TIM-3pos) cells compared to placebo. As expected, we found that PeptiCRAd monotherapy could increase the number of antigen spe- cific CD8+ T cells compared to other treatments. However, only the combination with PD-L1 blockade could significantly increase the ra- tio between activated and exhausted pentamer positive cells (p= 0.0058), suggesting that by disrupting the PD-1/PD-L1 axis we could decrease the amount of dysfunctional antigen specific T cells. We ob- served that the anatomical location deeply influenced the state of CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes. In fact, TIM-3 expression was in- creased by 2 fold on TILs compared to splenic and lymphoid T cells. In the CD8+ compartment, the expression of PD-1 on the surface seemed to be restricted to the tumor micro-environment, while CD4 + T cells had a high expression of PD-1 also in lymphoid organs. Interestingly, we found that the levels of PD-1 were significantly higher on CD8+ T cells than on CD4+ T cells into the tumor micro- environment (p < 0.0001). Conclusions In conclusion, we demonstrated that the efficacy of immune check- point inhibitors might be strongly enhanced by their combination with cancer vaccines. PeptiCRAd was able to increase the number of antigen-specific T cells and PD-L1 blockade prevented their exhaus- tion, resulting in long-lasting immunological memory and increased median survival

Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

Funder: European Society of Intensive Care Medicine; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100013347Funder: Flemish Society for Critical Care NursesAbstract: Purpose: Intensive care unit (ICU) patients are particularly susceptible to developing pressure injuries. Epidemiologic data is however unavailable. We aimed to provide an international picture of the extent of pressure injuries and factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries in adult ICU patients. Methods: International 1-day point-prevalence study; follow-up for outcome assessment until hospital discharge (maximum 12 weeks). Factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injury and hospital mortality were assessed by generalised linear mixed-effects regression analysis. Results: Data from 13,254 patients in 1117 ICUs (90 countries) revealed 6747 pressure injuries; 3997 (59.2%) were ICU-acquired. Overall prevalence was 26.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 25.9–27.3). ICU-acquired prevalence was 16.2% (95% CI 15.6–16.8). Sacrum (37%) and heels (19.5%) were most affected. Factors independently associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries were older age, male sex, being underweight, emergency surgery, higher Simplified Acute Physiology Score II, Braden score 3 days, comorbidities (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, immunodeficiency), organ support (renal replacement, mechanical ventilation on ICU admission), and being in a low or lower-middle income-economy. Gradually increasing associations with mortality were identified for increasing severity of pressure injury: stage I (odds ratio [OR] 1.5; 95% CI 1.2–1.8), stage II (OR 1.6; 95% CI 1.4–1.9), and stage III or worse (OR 2.8; 95% CI 2.3–3.3). Conclusion: Pressure injuries are common in adult ICU patients. ICU-acquired pressure injuries are associated with mainly intrinsic factors and mortality. Optimal care standards, increased awareness, appropriate resource allocation, and further research into optimal prevention are pivotal to tackle this important patient safety threat

Correction to: Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

The original version of this article unfortunately contained a mistake

Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

Funder: European Society of Intensive Care Medicine; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100013347Funder: Flemish Society for Critical Care NursesAbstract: Purpose: Intensive care unit (ICU) patients are particularly susceptible to developing pressure injuries. Epidemiologic data is however unavailable. We aimed to provide an international picture of the extent of pressure injuries and factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries in adult ICU patients. Methods: International 1-day point-prevalence study; follow-up for outcome assessment until hospital discharge (maximum 12 weeks). Factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injury and hospital mortality were assessed by generalised linear mixed-effects regression analysis. Results: Data from 13,254 patients in 1117 ICUs (90 countries) revealed 6747 pressure injuries; 3997 (59.2%) were ICU-acquired. Overall prevalence was 26.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 25.9–27.3). ICU-acquired prevalence was 16.2% (95% CI 15.6–16.8). Sacrum (37%) and heels (19.5%) were most affected. Factors independently associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries were older age, male sex, being underweight, emergency surgery, higher Simplified Acute Physiology Score II, Braden score 3 days, comorbidities (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, immunodeficiency), organ support (renal replacement, mechanical ventilation on ICU admission), and being in a low or lower-middle income-economy. Gradually increasing associations with mortality were identified for increasing severity of pressure injury: stage I (odds ratio [OR] 1.5; 95% CI 1.2–1.8), stage II (OR 1.6; 95% CI 1.4–1.9), and stage III or worse (OR 2.8; 95% CI 2.3–3.3). Conclusion: Pressure injuries are common in adult ICU patients. ICU-acquired pressure injuries are associated with mainly intrinsic factors and mortality. Optimal care standards, increased awareness, appropriate resource allocation, and further research into optimal prevention are pivotal to tackle this important patient safety threat

Distribuição espacial e plano de amostragem sequencial para Piezodorus guildinii (Westwood, 1837) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) na cultura de soja transgênica RR®

Stinkbugs are the main group of soybean insect pests, and among the species that cause losses in yield and quality, Piezodorus guildinii is the most important one. The objective of this work was to determine the spatial distribution of different ninfal instars and adults of P. guildinii in RR transgenic soybean cultivar, and make sequential sampling plans to grains and seeds.The experiment was carried out in Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil, during the 2012/2013 cropping season. It was chosen one of 30-hectare of commercial field, and then it was divided into 100 sampling units of 10 x 10 m each one. It was used the cultivar SYN 9070 RR, which is tolerant to glyphosate. It was recorded the number of nymphs from 1st to 5th instars, as well as, adults by the drop-cloth method. In order to study the dispersion of insects in the field, the following indexes were obtained: variance-to-mean ratio, Morisita’s Index, Green’s Coefficient, and k exponent of negative binomial distribution. To study the probabilistic models that describe the spatial distribution of insect pests, the data were fitted to Poisson and binomial distributions. It was concluded that nymphs of 1st-3rd, 3rd, 4th-5th instars; adults; and 4th, 5th instars plus adults had an aggregated distribution in experimental field, and the negative binomial distribution was the best probabilistic model for nymphs and adults of P. guildinii. There were returned sequential sampling plans of nymphs of 4th and 5th instar and adults to grains and seeds, and the expected maximum numbers of samples in order to take the decision were 23 and 29 to grains and seedsOs percevejos são os principais insetos pragas da cultura da soja, e dentre as espécies responsáveis por causarem redução na produtividade e na qualidade dos grãos, destaca-se a espécie Piezodorus guildinii. O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar a distribuição espacial dos diferentes instares ninfais e da fase adulta de P. guildinii em uma cultivar de soja transgênica RR, e elaborar planos de amostragem sequencial para grãos e sementes. O experimento foi conduzido no ano agrícola 2012/2013, em Jaboticabal, SP, numa área de 30 ha, onde foi selecionado um campo de 10.000 m2, subdividido em 100 parcelas de 10 m x 10 m. A cultivar utilizada foi a SYN 9070 RR, tolerante a herbicida. Nas amostragens foram anotados o número de ninfas do 1o ao 5º instar e o número de adultos por metro em duas linhas de plantio, pelo método da “batida de pano”. Para o estudo da dispersão dos insetos na área, foram utilizados os seguintes índices: razão variância/média, índice de Morisita, coeficiente de Green e expoente k da distribuição binomial negativa. Para o estudo dos modelos probabilísticos que descrevem a distribuição espacial dos insetos, foram testados os ajustes às distribuições de Poisson e binomial negativa. Ninfas de 1º ao 3º instares, 3º instar, 4º e 5º instares, adultos e 4º e 5º intares mais adultos, apresentaram distribuição agregada. No teste de ajuste às distribuições de probabilidade, a distribuição binomial negativa apresentou um bom ajuste para ninfas e adultos de P. guildinii. Foram desenvolvidos planos de amostragem seqüenciais para percevejos de 4º e 5º instar ninfal e adultos para grãos e sementes, e os números máximos de amostras esperados para se tomar a decisão foram de 23 e 29 para grãos e sementes, respectivament