La edad materna en el proceso de embarazo, parto y puerperio: resultados obstétricos y neonatales.

La edad a la que la mujer decide ser madre se está retrasando en muchos países. Son diferentes los motivos que influyen en la decisión de la mujer de postergar su maternidad. Ante esta tendencia social, se ha realizado un estudio en centros sanitarios públicos de España para identificar si existe asociación entre la edad de la madre y diferentes parámetros del proceso de embarazo, parto y puerperio, así como en la salud de la madre y el recién nacido. Postergar la maternidad constituye un factor de riesgo para las posibilidades de conseguir el embarazo con éxito, precisando con mayor frecuencia ayuda médica para lograrlo. Además, aumenta la frecuencia de hipertensión arterial y diabetes durante el embarazo, incrementa la incidencia de inicios de parto no espontáneo y la finalización distócica del mismo. Los indicadores de morbi-mortalidad neonatal no se han asociado de forma significativa a la edad materna.The age at which the woman decides to be a mother is being delayed in many countries. The reasons that influence the decision of the woman to postpone her motherhood are different. In view of this social trend, a study has been carried out in public health centers in Spain to identify if there is an association between the age of the mother and different parameters of the pregnancy, delivery and puerperium process, as well as in the health of the mother and the newborn. Postponing motherhood is a risk factor for the chances of getting pregnant successfully, more often requiring medical help to achieve it. In addition, it increases the frequency of arterial hypertension and diabetes during pregnancy, increases the incidence of non-spontaneous births and the dystocic end of it. Neonatal morbidity and mortality indicators have not been significantly associated with maternal age.Tesis Univ. Jaén. Departamento de Enfermería. Leída el 10 de julio de 2019

Modelo de conciencia para la sustentabilidad

Roughly, the conscience for sustainability unveils a process of civil self-management in the face of the absence or inefficiency of state management in terms of resource supply and quality of public services. In this sense, the present work set out to establish a model for the study of the phenomenon. Documentary work was done with a sample selection of sources indexed to national repositories, considering the year of publication and the keywords. Lines related to the extension of the model, as well as to the comparison between regions are confirmed to corroborate the findings reported in the literature.Grosso modo, la conciencia para la sustentabilidad devela un proceso de autogestión civil frente a la ausencia o ineficiencia de la gestión estatal en materia de abastecimiento de recursos y calidad de los servicios públicos. En ese tenor, el presente trabajo se propuso establecer un modelo para el estudio del fenómeno. Se realizó un trabajo documental con una selección muestral de fuentes indexadas a repositorios nacionales, considerando el año de publicación y las palabras claves. Se advierten líneas concernientes a la extensión del modelo, así como a la comparación entre regiones para corroborar los hallazgos reportados en la literatura

What skeletal muscle has to say in ALS: implications for therapy

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is an adult onset disorder characterised by progressive neuromuscular junction (NMJ) dismantling and degeneration of motor neurons leading to atrophy and paralysis of voluntary muscles responsible for motion and breathing. Except for a minority of patients harbouring genetic mutations, the origin of most ALS cases remains elusive. Peripheral tissues, and particularly skeletal muscle, have lately demonstrated an active contribution to disease pathology attracting a growing interest for these tissues as therapeutic targets in ALS. In this sense molecular mechanisms essential for cell and tissue homeostasis have been shown to be de‐regulated in the disease. These include muscle metabolism and mitochondrial activity, RNA processing, tissue‐resident stem cell function responsible for muscle regeneration, and proteostasis that regulates muscle mass in adulthood. This review aims to compile scientific evidence that demonstrates the role of skeletal muscle in ALS pathology and serve as reference for development of novel therapeutic strategies targeting this tissue to delay disease onset and progression

Risk-benefit perception and intention to vote in favor of bicycle lanes

Within the framework of policies against the effects of climate change on public health, mobility policies based on zero carbon dioxide emissions have focused their interest on the implementation of bicycle lanes, the subsidy of bicycle engines and restriction of automobiles. In this sense, the objective of this paper has been to establish the reliability and validity of an instrument that measures the perceptions of risk and utility, as well as the intentions of voting in favor of electoral proposals and candidates that support the urban sustainability policy in Subject d mobility. A non-experimental, cross-sectional and exploratory study was carried out with a non-probabilistic sample selection of 250 residents of the metropolitan area of Mexico City. From a structural model. The factors cited were found to correlate positively and significantly, but it is recommended to extend the study to the contrast of the model in other scenarios with local elections and mobility policy based on the use of the bicycl

Producción de plantas de cacao criollo (Theobroma cacao L.), utilizando dos técnicas de injerto con modificaciones y su efecto en el éxito del prendimiento en fase de vivero

Aiming to evaluate two grafting techniques in cocoa and their modifications, an investigation was carried out in the nursery of the Faculty of Agronomic Sciences of the University of El Salvador, from July to December 2013. For the execution of the experiment, He used a completely randomized statistical design, evaluating the lateral plating graft, terminal spike and modifications of both. The modifications consisted of the use of Parafilm®, plastic bag and complete mooring as a mummy, generating a total of seven treatments and four repetitions; The experimental unit was constituted by 10 units, totaling 280 cocoa plants. The variables evaluated were: percentage of yield, increase in plant height, increase in stem diameter, number of leaves, number of shoots, leaf area, fresh leaf weight, dry leaf weight, specific leaf weight (PEH), days of development (GDD) and cost benefit ratio of the production of the plants. As a result, it was found that the greatest success of graft seizure was in the treatment of terminal spike with half wrap plus bag (T4), followed by side plating with half wrap plus bag (T2), being the side veneered control with half wrap without bag (T1) with the least success. With respect to the costs, it was shown that side plating with half wrap plus poly bag (T2) and terminal barbed wrapped in half plus poly bag (T4) are the ones that presented the lowest cost. Finally, nurserymen are recommended to use these latest treatmentsCon el objetivo de evaluar dos técnicas de injerto en cacao y modificaciones de los mismos, se desarrolló una investigación en el vivero de la Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas de la Universidad de El Salvador, de julio a diciembre de 2013. Para la ejecución del experimento se utilizó un diseño estadístico completamente al azar, evaluando el injerto de enchapado lateral, púa terminal y modificaciones de ambos. Las modificaciones consistieron en el uso de Parafilm®, bolsa plástica y amarrado completo como momia generando un total de siete tratamientos y cuatro repeticiones; la unidad experimental se constituyó por 10 unidades, totalizando 280 plantas de cacao. Las variables evaluadas fueron: porcentaje de prendimiento, incremento de la altura de la planta, incremento de diámetro de tallo, número de hojas, número de brotes, área foliar, peso fresco de hojas, peso seco de hojas, peso específico de hojas (PEH), grados días de desarrollo (GDD) y relación beneficio costo de la producción de las plantas. Como resultado se encontró que el mayor éxito de prendimiento del injerto fue en el tratamiento de púa terminal con envoltura a la mitad más bolsa (T4), seguido por enchapado lateral con envoltura a la mitad más bolsa (T2), siendo el testigo enchapado lateral con envoltura a la mitad sin bolsa (T1) con el menor éxito. Con respecto a los costos se demostró que enchapado lateral con envoltura a la mitad más bolsa de polietileno (T2) y púa terminal envuelto a la mitad más bolsa de polietileno (T4) son los presentaron menor costo. Finalmente se recomienda a los viveristas la utilización de estos últimos tratamientos

Effect of ABCB1 and ABCC3 Polymorphisms on Osteosarcoma Survival after Chemotherapy: A Pharmacogenetic Study

Standard treatment for osteosarcoma patients consists of a combination of cisplatin, adriamycin, and methotrexate before surgical resection of the primary tumour, followed by postoperative chemotherapy including vincristine and cyclophosphamide. Unfortunately, many patients still relapse or suffer adverse events. We examined whether common germline polymorphisms in chemotherapeutic transporter and metabolic pathway genes of the drugs used in standard osteosarcoma treatment may predict treatment response. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: In this study we screened 102 osteosarcoma patients for 346 Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) and 2 Copy Number Variants (CNVs) in 24 genes involved in the metabolism or transport of cisplatin, adriamycin, methotrexate, vincristine, and cyclophosphamide. We studied the association of the genotypes with tumour response and overall survival. We found that four SNPs in two ATP-binding cassette genes were significantly associated with overall survival: rs4148416 in ABCC3 (per-allele HR = 8.14, 95%CI = 2.73-20.2, p-value = 5.1x10(-)(5)), and three SNPs in ABCB1, rs4148737 (per-allele HR = 3.66, 95%CI = 1.85-6.11, p-value = 6.9x10(-)(5)), rs1128503 and rs10276036 (r(2) = 1, per-allele HR = 0.24, 95%CI = 0.11-0.47 p-value = 7.9x10(-)(5)). Associations with these SNPs remained statistically significant after correction for multiple testing (all corrected p-values [permutation test] </= 0.03). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that these polymorphisms may affect osteosarcoma treatment efficacy. If these associations are independently validated, these variants could be used as genetic predictors of clinical outcome in the treatment of osteosarcoma, helping in the design of individualized therapy

DREAM-dependent activation of astrocytes in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disease of unknown origin and characterized by a relentless loss of motor neurons that causes a progressive muscle weakness until death. Among the several pathogenic mechanisms that have been related to ALS, a dysregulation of calcium-buffering proteins in motor neurons of the brain and spinal cord can make these neurons more vulnerable to disease progression. Downstream regulatory element antagonist modulator (DREAM) is a neuronal calcium-binding protein that plays multiple roles in the nucleus and cytosol. The main aim of this study was focused on the characterization of DREAM and glial fibrillary acid protein (GFAP) in the brain and spinal cord tissues from transgenic SOD1G93A mice and ALS patients to unravel its potential role under neurodegenerative conditions. The DREAM and GFAP levels in the spinal cord and different brain areas from transgenic SOD1G93A mice and ALS patients were analyzed by Western blot and immunohistochemistry. Our findings suggest that the calcium-dependent excitotoxicity progressively enhanced in the CNS in ALS could modulate the multifunctional nature of DREAM, strengthening its apoptotic way of action in both motor neurons and astrocytes, which could act as an additional factor to increase neuronal damage. The direct crosstalk between astrocytes and motor neurons can become vulnerable under neurodegenerative conditions, and DREAM could act as an additional switch to enhance motor neuron loss. Together, these findings could pave the way to further study the molecular targets of DREAM to find novel therapeutic strategies to fight ALS

Una experiencia de aprendizaje y trabajo: construcción de conocimiento conjunto con la gente qom en el Gran La Plata

Este trabajo tiene como objetivo principal compartir un relato del desarrollo de un proyecto de extensión, realizado conjuntamente con la gente qom (toba) del Barrio Islas Malvinas, partido de La Plata, Buenos Aires. El proyecto, desarrollado entre mediados de 2008 y mediados de 2009, buscó y logró la adecuación de un edificio para la realización de tareas comunitarias propias de la gente indígena. Este proyecto se inserta en una tradición de trabajo conjunto, establecida entre el Laboratorio de Investigaciones en Antropología Social (LIAS) de la UNLP y la gente qom, con varios años de existencia, que permite reflexionar sobre las diferentes facetas del trabajo universitario (docencia-investigación- extensión) y los límites y cercanías entre este trabajo y la comunidad extrauniversitaria, así como sobre el enriquecimiento que supone para los distintos integrantes. En el curso del trabajo daremos cuenta del origen del proyecto, sus características particulares (localización geográfica, financiamiento, contextualización socio histórica, etc.) y se concluirá con las consideraciones ético-políticas y teórico-epistemológicas derivadas del trabajo realizado.Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Muse

Synergistic Antimicrobial Effects of Silver/Transition-metal Combinatorial Treatments

Due to the emergence of multi-drug resistant strains, development of novel antibiotics has become a critical issue. One promising approach is the use of transition metals, since they exhibit rapid and significant toxicity, at low concentrations, in prokaryotic cells. Nevertheless, one main drawback of transition metals is their toxicity in eukaryotic cells. Here, we show that the barriers to use them as therapeutic agents could be mitigated by combining them with silver. We demonstrate that synergism of combinatorial treatments (Silver/transition metals, including Zn, Co, Cd, Ni, and Cu) increases up to 8-fold their antimicrobial effect, when compared to their individual effects, against E. coli and B. subtilis. We find that most combinatorial treatments exhibit synergistic antimicrobial effects at low/ non-toxic concentrations to human keratinocyte cells, blast and melanoma rat cell lines. Moreover, we show that silver/(Cu, Ni, and Zn) increase prokaryotic cell permeability at sub-inhibitory concentrations, demonstrating this to be a possible mechanism of the synergistic behavior. Together, these results suggest that these combinatorial treatments will play an important role in the future development of antimicrobial agents and treatments against infections. In specific, the cytotoxicity experiments show that the combinations have great potential in the treatment of topical infections