ENHANCING BIO-PHARMACEUTICAL PROPERTIES OF POORLY SOLUBLE ANTI-MALARIAL DRUGS BY FORMULATING AMORPHOUS FORMS WITH BIOCOMPATIBLE EXCIPIENTS

Ph.DDOCTOR OF PHILOSOPH

Formulation new flow improver in aqueous using natural mucilage extracted from aloe vera

In the present research, natural polymer of aloe Vera tested as drag reducing agent in aqueous media flow in pipelines. After research in the literature dealing with drag reduction phenomena,there was no evidence that aloe Vera was used as flow improver before this in the drag reduction field.Aloe Vera mucilage with concentration from 100 to 400ppm was tested in 2 different internal diameters(0.0254m and 0.0381m)pipes and 5 different flow rate which are represented by Reynolds number.All the experimental work was carried out in a built-up closed loop liquid circulation system with four testing sections of 2m long pipe were investigated.The experimental results showed that the drag reduction increases corresponding with increasing of Re, additive concentration and pipe length and reduction of pipe diameter.The results show,aloe Vera polymer can perform as a good drag reducing agent with maximum percentage drag reduction of 71% obtained at I.D 0.0254m and 15472.694 of Reynolds number for 400ppm of solution

Quantification of arsenic in soil by inductively coupled plasma – Optical emission spectrometry / Vickneswary a/p Letchmanan

In this study, determination of arsenic in soil samples was done by Inductively Coupled Plasma – Optical Emission Spectrometry. Soil from five different locations with three sampling points was collected. The location chosen were garden, dam, beach, construction and agriculture areas. A standard method was used for the sample preparation using HotBlockTM system. The highest arsenic concentrated found in the construction area (32.24 ± 0.02 mg/kg) and followed by agriculture (31.55 ± 0.03 mg/kg), garden (19.17 ± 0.02 mg/kg), dam (17.12 ± 0.01 mg/kg) and beach (1.73 ± 0.01 mg/kg)

Drag reduction characteristics using aloe vera natural mucilage: An experimental study

In the present study, a new natural and environmentally friendly drag reducing agent is introduced as a flow improver in pipelines carrying liquids in turbulent flow mode. The new drag reducing agent is extracted from the Aloe Vera leaves. The extracted mucilage drag reduction performance was tested using a closed loop liquid circulation system. The experimental work was carried out in 0.0254 m I.D. pipe with 100 to 400 ppm addition concentrations, four testing sections lengths and five different flow rates. It was found that the Aloe Vera mucilage was an effective drag reducing agent. A maximum drag reduction percentage of 63% could be achieved by adding 400 ppm of mucilage to the main flow. Drag reduction was found to increase with increasing Reynolds Numbers, additive concentrations and pipe lengths. Finally, a new correlation equation representing the experimental data is introduced

This is a Platform Alteration: A Trial Management Perspective on the Operational Aspects of Adaptive and Platform and Umbrella Protocols

Background There is limited research and literature on the trial management challenges encountered in running adaptive platform trials. This trial design allows both (i) seamless addition of new research comparisons when compelling clinical and scientific research questions emerge, and (ii) early stopping of accrual to individual comparisons that do not show sufficient activity without affecting other active comparisons. Adaptive platform design trials also offer many potential benefits over traditional trials, from faster time to accrual to contemporaneously recruiting multiple research comparisons, added flexibility to focus on more promising research comparisons via pre-planned interim analyses and potentially shorter time to primary results. We share here our experiences from a trial management perspective, highlighting the challenges and successes. Methods We evaluated the operational aspects of making changes to these adaptive platform trials and identified both common and trial-specific challenges. The operational steps and challenges linked to both the addition of new research comparisons and stopping recruitment following pre-planned interim analysis were considered in our evaluation. Results Specific operational challenges in these adaptive platform protocols, additional to those in traditional two-arm trials, were identified. Key lessons are presented describing some of the solutions and considerations over conducting these trials. Careful consideration on the practicality of the protocol structure (modular versus single protocol), the longevity and continuity of trial oversight committees and having clear clinical and scientific criteria for the addition of new research comparisons were identified as some of the most common challenges. Page 6 of 33 Conclusions Understanding the operational complexities associated with running adaptive platform protocols is paramount for their conduct, adaptive platform trials offer an efficient model to run randomised controlled trials and we are continuing to work to reduce further the effort required from an operational perspective. Trial Registration FOCUS4 (ISRCTN90061546); STAMPEDE (ISRCTN78818544