Transforming the Deep Space Network into the Interplanetary Network

Space exploration missions are undergoing a significant transformation as are the expectations of their scientific investigators and the public who participate in these great voyages of exploration

Latent Profiles of Cognitive Control, Episodic Memory, and Visual Perception Across Psychiatric Disorders Reveal a Dimensional Structure.

Although meta-analyses suggest that schizophrenia (SZ) is associated with a more severe neurocognitive phenotype than mood disorders such as bipolar disorder, considerable between-subject heterogeneity exists in the phenotypic presentation of these deficits across mental illnesses. Indeed, it is unclear whether the processes that underlie cognitive dysfunction in these disorders are unique to each disease or represent a common neurobiological process that varies in severity. Here we used latent profile analysis (LPA) across 3 distinct cognitive domains (cognitive control, episodic memory, and visual integration; using data from the CNTRACS consortium) to identify distinct profiles of patients across psychotic illnesses. LPA was performed on a sample of 223 psychosis patients (59 with Type I bipolar disorder, 88 with SZ, and 76 with schizoaffective disorder). Seventy-three healthy control participants were included for comparison but were not included in sample LPA. Three latent profiles ("Low," "Moderate," and "High" ability) were identified as the underlying covariance across the 3 domains. The 3-profile solution provided highly similar fit to a single continuous factor extracted by confirmatory factor analysis, supporting a unidimensional structure. Diagnostic ratios did not significantly differ between profiles, suggesting that these profiles cross diagnostic boundaries (an exception being the Low ability profile, which had only one bipolar patient). Profile membership predicted Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale and Young Mania Rating Scale symptom severity as well as everyday communication skills independent of diagnosis. Biological, clinical and methodological implications of these findings are discussed

DIGITAL THREE-DIMENSIONAL MAPPING OF THE STRATIGRAPHIC ARCHITECTURE OF THE JEZERO WESTERN FAN FRONT

International audienceThe NASA Mars2020 rover Perseverance traversed series that represent the transition from crater floor lithologies to deposits of the Jezero western fan during its second Earth year of rover operations. During that time, the mission explored the exposed stratigraphic succession at the delta front, named the Shenandoah formation. The main science camera on the rover, Mastcam-Z, collects stereo-images of outcrops encountered in visible to near infrared wavelengths at focal lengths ranging from 34 to 110 mm. We use the Planetary Robotics Vision Processing and Planetary Robotics 3-D Viewer tools (PRoViP and PRo3D respectively) for processing, viewing and analysing correctly scaled and located 3-D digital outcrop models using Mastcam-Z stereo-images. Scaling and georeferencing of the models is achieved by incorporation of detailed camera models, image metadata detailing the camera pointing azimuths, focus, exposure and rover attititude, and spatial metadata obtained through incorporation and conversion of SPICE kernels. We can visualise these digital outcrop datasets overlain on high resolution orbital terrain data to measure the geometry of geological bodies and correlate observations between rover positions.Four cross-sections were constructed across the lower delta stratigraphy at the base of Hawksbill Gap and Cape Nukshak using data collected from 3D reconstructions of Mastcam-Z stereo-images and HiRISE topography. Lithological observations made from Mastcam-Z image mosaics were used to inform interpretations on multiple 3D reconstructions of stereo-image data. Stratigraphic boundaries based on team analyses, and the key dip and dip azimuth measurements, were mapped in PRo3D and plotted on topographic profiles to visualise the depositional architecture. Stratigraphic thicknesses were corrected for dip, where necessary, to build stratigraphic logs. The basal surfaces of the identified members which comprise the Shenandoah formation were correlated between the lines of section to illustrate the architectural variations across the delta front. We show that the overall boundaries of the stratigraphic units identified are sub-horizontal at the 100s of metre scale but show considerable variation in some locations at the sub-metre scale, largely as a result of soft sediment deformation, and the limited development of scours and low angle cross-stratification

Risk of periprosthetic fracture after anterior femoral notching:a 9-year follow-up of 200 total knee arthroplasties

Background Notching of the anterior femoral cortex in distal femoral fractures following TKR has been observed clinically and studied biomechanically. It has been hypothesized that femoral notching weakens the cortex of the femur, which can predispose to femoral fractures in the early postoperative period. We examined the relationship between notching of the anterior femoral cortex during total knee replacement (TKR) and supracondylar fracture

Sedimentology and Stratigraphy of the Shenandoah Formation, Western Fan, Jezero Crater, Mars

International audienceAbstract Sedimentary fans are key targets of exploration on Mars because they record the history of surface aqueous activity and habitability. The sedimentary fan extending from the Neretva Vallis breach of Jezero crater's western rim is one of the Mars 2020 Perseverance rover's main exploration targets. Perseverance spent ∼250 sols exploring and collecting seven rock cores from the lower ∼25 m of sedimentary rock exposed within the fan's eastern scarp, a sequence informally named the “Shenandoah” formation. This study describes the sedimentology and stratigraphy of the Shenandoah formation at two areas, “Cape Nukshak” and “Hawksbill Gap,” including a characterization, interpretation, and depositional framework for the facies that comprise it. The five main facies of the Shenandoah formation include: laminated mudstone, laminated sandstone, low‐angle cross stratified sandstone, thin‐bedded granule sandstone, and thick‐bedded granule‐pebble sandstone and conglomerate. These facies are organized into three facies associations (FA): FA1, comprised of laminated and soft sediment‐deformed sandstone interbedded with broad, unconfined coarser‐grained granule and pebbly sandstone intervals; FA2, comprised predominantly of laterally extensive, soft‐sediment deformed laminated, sulfate‐bearing mudstone with lenses of low‐angle cross‐stratified and scoured sandstone; and FA3, comprised of dipping planar, thin‐bedded sand‐gravel couplets. The depositional model favored for the Shenandoah formation involves the transition from a sand‐dominated distal alluvial fan setting (FA1) to a stable, widespread saline lake (FA2), followed by the progradation of a river delta system (FA3) into the lake basin. This sequence records the initiation of a relatively long‐lived, habitable lacustrine and deltaic environment within Jezero crater