142 research outputs found
sexy-rgtk: a package for programming RGtk2 GUI in a user-friendly manner
National audienceThere are many di erent ways to program Graphical User Interfaces (GUI) in R. (Lawrence and Verzani, 2012) provides an overview of the available methods, describing ways to program R GUI with RGtk2, qtbase and tcltk. More recently, the package shiny, for building interactive web applications, was also released (the rst version has been published on December, 2012). By automatically indexing all objects and methods available in RGtk2, we developed a method for creating GTK2-based GUI, in a friendlier and more compact manner. Widgets are accessible with simple functions and options, as is more natural for a R language programmer
SpaCEM3: a software for biological module detection when data is incomplete, high dimensional and dependent
Summary: Among classical methods for module detection, SpaCEM3 provides ad hoc algorithms that were shown to be particularly well adapted to specific features of biological data: high-dimensionality, interactions between components (genes) and integrated treatment of missingness in observations. The software, currently in its version 2.0, is developed in C++ and can be used either via command line or with the GUI under Linux and Windows environments. Availability: The SpaCEM3 software, a documentation and datasets are available from http://spacem3.gforge.inria.fr/. Contact: [email protected]; [email protected]
Grazing activities and biodiversity history in the Pyrénées - new insights on high altitude ecosystems in the framework of a Human-Environment Observatory
International audienceReconstruction of the relationship between pastoral activities and vegetation history in the central Pyrenees demonstrates the importance of grazing pressure in the maintenance of floristic diversity in highland regions that have been abandone
Reservoir computing with the frequency, phase and amplitude of spin-torque nano-oscillators
Spin-torque nano-oscillators can emulate neurons at the nanoscale. Recent
works show that the non-linearity of their oscillation amplitude can be
leveraged to achieve waveform classification for an input signal encoded in the
amplitude of the input voltage. Here we show that the frequency and the phase
of the oscillator can also be used to recognize waveforms. For this purpose, we
phase-lock the oscillator to the input waveform, which carries information in
its modulated frequency. In this way we considerably decrease amplitude, phase
and frequency noise. We show that this method allows classifying sine and
square waveforms with an accuracy above 99% when decoding the output from the
oscillator amplitude, phase or frequency. We find that recognition rates are
directly related to the noise and non-linearity of each variable. These results
prove that spin-torque nano-oscillators offer an interesting platform to
implement different computing schemes leveraging their rich dynamical features
SQISignHD: New Dimensions in Cryptography
We introduce SQISignHD, a new post-quantum digital signature scheme inspired by SQISign.
SQISignHD exploits the recent algorithmic breakthrough underlying the attack on SIDH, which allows to efficiently represent isogenies of arbitrary degrees as components of a higher dimensional isogeny. SQISignHD overcomes the main drawbacks of SQISign. First, it scales well to high security levels, since the public parameters for SQISignHD are easy to generate: the characteristic of the underlying field needs only be of the form . Second, the signing procedure is simpler and more efficient. Third, the scheme is easier to analyse, allowing for a much more compelling security reduction. Finally, the signature sizes are even more compact than (the already record-breaking) SQISign, with compressed signatures as small as 116 bytes for the post-quantum NIST-1 level of security.
These advantages may come at the expense of the verification, which now requires the computation of an isogeny in dimension , a task whose optimised cost is still uncertain, as it has been the focus of very little attention
Multilayer spintronic neural networks with radio-frequency connections
Spintronic nano-synapses and nano-neurons perform complex cognitive
computations with high accuracy thanks to their rich, reproducible and
controllable magnetization dynamics. These dynamical nanodevices could
transform artificial intelligence hardware, provided that they implement
state-of-the art deep neural networks. However, there is today no scalable way
to connect them in multilayers. Here we show that the flagship nano-components
of spintronics, magnetic tunnel junctions, can be connected into multilayer
neural networks where they implement both synapses and neurons thanks to their
magnetization dynamics, and communicate by processing, transmitting and
receiving radio frequency (RF) signals. We build a hardware spintronic neural
network composed of nine magnetic tunnel junctions connected in two layers, and
show that it natively classifies nonlinearly-separable RF inputs with an
accuracy of 97.7%. Using physical simulations, we demonstrate that a large
network of nanoscale junctions can achieve state-of the-art identification of
drones from their RF transmissions, without digitization, and consuming only a
few milliwatts, which is a gain of more than four orders of magnitude in power
consumption compared to currently used techniques. This study lays the
foundation for deep, dynamical, spintronic neural networks
Incipient space weathering on asteroid 162173 Ryugu recorded by pyrrhotite
Regolith samples returned from asteroid 162173 Ryugu by the Hayabusa2 mission provide direct means to study how space weathering operates on the surfaces of hydrous asteroids. The mechanisms of space weathering, its effects on mineral surfaces, and the characteristic time scales on which alteration occurs are central to understanding the spectroscopic properties and the taxonomy of asteroids in the solar system. Here, we investigate the behavior of the iron monosulfides mineral pyrrhotite (Fe1âxS) at the earliest stages of space weathering. Using electron microscopy methods, we identified a partially exposed pyrrhotite crystal that morphologically shows evidence for mass loss due to exposure to solar wind ion irradiation. We find that crystallographic changes to the pyrrhotite can be related to sulfur loss from its spaceâexposed surface and the diffusive redistribution of resulting excess iron into the interior of the crystal. Diffusion profiles allow us to estimate an order of magnitude of the exposure time of a few thousand years consistent with previous estimates of space exposure. During this interval, the adjacent phyllosilicates did not acquire discernable damage, suggesting that they are less susceptible to alteration by ion irradiation than pyrrhotite
Respiratory Syncytial Virus Disease Burden in Community-Dwelling and Long-Term Care Facility Older Adults in Europe and the United States: A Prospective Study
Background. Data on respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) disease burden in adults remain scarce. We assessed the burden of confirmed RSV-acute respiratory infections (cRSV-ARIs) in community-dwelling (CD) adults and those in long-term care facilities (LTCFs).Methods. In this prospective cohort study covering 2 RSV seasons (October 2019-March 2020 and October 2020-June 2021), RSVARIs were identified through active surveillance, in medically stable CD-adults =50 years (Europe) or adults =65 years in LTCFs (Europe and the United States). RSV infection was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction from combined nasal and throat swabs.Results. Of 1981 adults enrolled, 1251 adults in CD and 664 LTCFs (season 1) and 1223 adults in CD and 494 LTCFs (season 2) were included in the analyses. During season 1, overall incidence rates ([IRs] cases/1000 person-years) and attack rates (ARs) for cRSVARIs were 37.25 (95% confidence interval [CI], 22.62-61.35) and 1.84% in adults in CD and 47.85 (CI, 22.58-101.4) and 2.26% in adults in LTCFs. Complications occurred for 17.4% (CD) and 13.3% (LTCFs) of cRSV-ARIs. One cRSV-ARI occurred in season 2 (IR = 2.91 [CI, 0.40-20.97]; AR = 0.20%), without complications. No cRSV-ARIs led to hospitalization or death. Viral pathogens were codetected in =17.4% of cRSV-ARIs.Conclusions. RSV is an important cause of disease burden in adults in CD and LTCFs. Despite the observed low severity of cRSVARI, our results support the need for RSV prevention strategies among adults =50 years old
Linking cause and effect: Nanoscale vibrational spectroscopy of space weathering from asteroid Ryugu
Airless bodies are subjected to space-weathering effects that modify the first few microns of their surface. Therefore, understanding their impact on the optical properties of asteroids is key to the interpretation of their color variability and infrared reflectance observations. The recent Hayabusa2 sample return mission to asteroid Ryugu offers the first opportunity to study these effects, in the case of the most abundant spectral type among the main-asteroid belt, C-type objects. This study employs vibrational electron energy-loss spectroscopy in the transmission electron microscope to achieve the spatial resolution required to measure the distinct mid-infrared spectral signature of Ryugu's space-weathered surface. The comparison with the spectrum of the pristine underlying matrix reveals the loss of structural -OH and C-rich components in the space-weathered layers, providing direct experimental evidence that exposure to the space environment tends to mask the optical signatures of phyllosilicates and carbonaceous matter. Our findings should contribute to rectifying potential underestimations of water and carbon content of C-type asteroids when studied through remote sensing with new-generation telescopes.The Hayabusa2 project has been developed and led by JAXA in collaboration with Deutsches Zentrum fĂŒr Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR) and Centre national d'Ă©tudes spatiales (CNES), and supported by NASA and Australian Space Agency (ASA). We thank all the members of the Hayabusa2 project for their technical and scientific contributions. This work was carried out on the electron microscopy facility of the Advanced Characterization Platform of the Chevreul Institute, University of LilleâCNRS. This project has been funded by ISITE ULNE and the "MĂ©tropole EuropĂ©enne de Lille" through the "TEM-Aster project," the LARCAS ANR (Reference No. SAN-22199). It has also been funded by in part by the National Agency for Research (ANR) under the program of future investment TEMPOS-CHROMATEM (Reference No. ANR-10-EQPX-50). Micro-infrared spectroscopy was performed at the Institut de PlanĂ©tologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble (IPAG). European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant Agreements No. 823717 (ESTEEM3). The Chevreul Institute is thanked for its help in the development of this work through the CHEMACT project supported by the "MinistĂšre de l'Enseignement SupĂ©rieur de la Recherche et de l'Innovation," the region "Hauts-de-France" and the "MĂ©tropole EuropĂ©enne de Lille." JSPS KAKENHI grant numbers related to this study are 19H00725, 19K0094, and 21H05424. This research was supported by the H2020 European Research Council (ERC) (SOLARYS ERC-CoG2017-771691). We acknowledge the funding by the Spanish University Ministry and Next Generation EU through a Margarita Salas fellowship.Peer reviewe
Linking Cause and Effect: Nanoscale Vibrational Spectroscopy of Space Weathering from Asteroid Ryugu
Airless bodies are subjected to space-weathering effects that modify the first few microns of their surface. Therefore, understanding their impact on the optical properties of asteroids is key to the interpretation of their color variability and infrared reflectance observations. The recent Hayabusa2 sample return mission to asteroid Ryugu offers the first opportunity to study these effects, in the case of the most abundant spectral type among the main-asteroid belt, C-type objects. This study employs vibrational electron energy-loss spectroscopy in the transmission electron microscope to achieve the spatial resolution required to measure the distinct mid-infrared spectral signature of Ryugu's space-weathered surface. The comparison with the spectrum of the pristine underlying matrix reveals the loss of structural -OH and C-rich components in the space-weathered layers, providing direct experimental evidence that exposure to the space environment tends to mask the optical signatures of phyllosilicates and carbonaceous matter. Our findings should contribute to rectifying potential underestimations of water and carbon content of C-type asteroids when studied through remote sensing with new-generation telescopes
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