Antibacterial and Solubility Analysis of Experimental Phytotherapeutic Paste for Endodontic Treatment of Primary Teeth

Objective: To evaluate the antibacterial effect and the solubility of experimental root canal filling pastes containing the phytoconstituents terpineol and cinnamaldehyde. Material and Methods: Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of each phytoconstituent was determined against Enterococcus faecalis. Five groups of antibiotic pastes based on zinc oxide were obtained by mixing: only terpineol, only cinnamaldehyde, terpineol and cinnamaldehyde combined, chlorhexidine (antibiotic control), and CTZ paste (control paste). Antibacterial activity was analyzed through direct contact test within 24 and 72 hours. Solubility was evaluated by spectrophotometry within 48 and 144 hours. Antibacterial activity data were analyzed descriptively, and solubility data was analyzed using ANOVA and Tukey tests (p<0.05). Results: The MIC obtained for terpineol and cinnamaldehyde were, respectively, 2000 μg/mL and 500 μg/mL. After 24h, only the terpineol paste did not inhibit E. faecalis growth. After 72h, all groups inhibited E. faecalis growth. After 48h, the highest solubility was verified in the terpineol paste (p<0.05), and no differences were detected among other groups (p>0.05). After and 144h, highest solubility was observed in the terpineol paste (p<0.05), followed by the CTZ paste (p<0.05). No differences were detected for cinnamaldehyde, terpineol+cinnamaldehyde and chlorhexidine pastes (p>0.05). Conclusion: Pastes containing cinnamaldehyde or terpineol+cinnamaldehyde showed antibacterial activity against E. faecalis similar to CTZ paste, with lower solubility

Antibacterial and Solubility Analysis of Experimental Phytotherapeutic Paste for Endodontic Treatment of Primary Teeth

Objective: To evaluate the antibacterial effect and the solubility of experimental root canal filling pastes containing the phytoconstituents terpineol and cinnamaldehyde. Material and Methods: Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of each phytoconstituent was determined against Enterococcus faecalis. Five groups of antibiotic pastes based on zinc oxide were obtained by mixing: only terpineol, only cinnamaldehyde, terpineol and cinnamaldehyde combined, chlorhexidine (antibiotic control), and CTZ paste (control paste). Antibacterial activity was analyzed through direct contact test within 24 and 72 hours. Solubility was evaluated by spectrophotometry within 48 and 144 hours. Antibacterial activity data were analyzed descriptively, and solubility data was analyzed using ANOVA and Tukey tests (p<0.05). Results: The MIC obtained for terpineol and cinnamaldehyde were, respectively, 2000 μg/mL and 500 μg/mL. After 24h, only the terpineol paste did not inhibit E. faecalis growth. After 72h, all groups inhibited E. faecalis growth. After 48h, the highest solubility was verified in the terpineol paste (p<0.05), and no differences were detected among other groups (p>0.05). After and 144h, highest solubility was observed in the terpineol paste (p<0.05), followed by the CTZ paste (p<0.05). No differences were detected for cinnamaldehyde, terpineol+cinnamaldehyde and chlorhexidine pastes (p>0.05). Conclusion: Pastes containing cinnamaldehyde or terpineol+cinnamaldehyde showed antibacterial activity against E. faecalis similar to CTZ paste, with lower solubility

Socio-demographic characteristics are related to the advanced clinical stage of oral cancer

Social determinants may be associated with the onset and progression of the clinical stage of oral cancer. Aim: To evaluate the impact of socio-demographic characteristics on the prevalence of advanced clinical stage of oral cancer. Information about 51,116 cases of oral cancer, from all Brazilian states, between 2000 and 2012, was obtained from the Cancer Registry Information System. The clinical stage of oral cancer (dependent variable) was classified as initial (stages I and II) or advanced (stages III and IV). The relationship between the clinical stage of oral cancer and the following independent variables was analyzed: sex, age, schooling, marital status, family history of cancer, and origin of referral. Analyses on frequency distribution and multivariate binary logistic regression model were performed (?<0.05). Compared to individuals with no schooling, those who attended elementary to high school (OR=2.461) and college education (OR = 3.050) had a higher prevalence of advanced cases of oral cancer. Individuals without a partner (OR = 14,209) demonstrated a higher prevalence compared to married individuals. Subjects aged 20-44 years (OR = 4.081) and 45-64 years (OR = 14.875) had a higher prevalence compared to those aged 15-19 years. The variables gender, family history of cancer and origin of referral integrated the binary model of logistic regression, but did not present statistical significance. Socioeconomic factors may be related to the advanced clinical stage of oral cancer

Atividade antifúngica de produtos utilizados na descontaminação de próteses dentárias sobre o crescimento de candida albicans

The effectiveness of antimicrobial solutions employed in dental prosthesis decontamination is still uncertain. Aim: To evaluate the antifungal activity of cleaners used in the decontamination of dental prostheses on the growth of Candida albicans. Material and method: The evaluated products were: Corega Tabs(r) (S1), Sodium Hypochlorite 1% (S2), Sodium Bicarbonate 1% (S3), Hydrogen Peroxide 1% (S4), Chlorhexidine Digluconate 0.12% - Periogard (r) (S5), Mouthrinse based on essential oils - Listerine(r) (S6), essential oil from Rosmarinus officinalis (rosemary) at concentrations of 1% (S7) and 2% (S8). The antifungal activity of the products was evaluated by agar diffusion technique and the determination of microbial death curve of samples of C. albicans (ATCC 90028) in concentration 1.5 × 106 CFU/mL. The tests were performed in triplicate and statistical analysis was made by ANOVA Two-Way and Tukey tests, with the confidence level of 95%. Result: The average of the zones of inhibition growth, in millimeters, obtained for the products were: 0.0 (S1), 44.7 (S2), 0.0 (S3), 21.6 (S4), 10.0 (S5), 6.1 (S6), 0.0 (S7) and 2.4 (S8). Considering the determination of microbial death curve, all products showed a statistical difference (p<0.01) from control (0.85% sodium chloride) and S3 groups. Fungal growth less than 2×104 CFU/mL and an accentuation of the microbial death curve were observed after 30 minutes, with exception for S3 and control groups. Conclusion: The studied compounds, with the exception of Sodium Bicarbonate, have antifungal effect against C. albicans, which contribute for dental prostheses hygiene432137143A efetividade de soluções antimicrobianas empregadas na descontaminação de próteses ainda é incerta. Objetivo: Avaliar a atividade antifúngica de soluções empregadas na descontaminação de próteses sobre o crescimento de Candida albicans. Material e método: Foram avaliados os produtos: Corega Tabs Branqueador(r) (S1), Hipoclorito de Sódio 1% (S2), Bicarbonato de Sódio 1% (S3), Peróxido de Hidrogênio 1% (S4), Digluconato de Clorexidina 0,12% - Periogard(r) (S5), Enxaguatório bucal a base de óleos essenciais - Listerine(r) (S6), e óleo essencial de Rosmarinus officinalis (alecrim) nas concentrações 1% (S7) e 2% (S8). A atividade antifúngica foi avaliada por meio da técnica de difusão em ágar e da determinação da curva de morte microbiana de amostras de C. albicans (ATCC 90028) na concentração 1,5×106 UFC/mL. Os testes foram realizados em triplicata e a análise estatística se deu pelos testes ANOVA Two-Way e Tukey, sendo adotado nível de confiança de 95%. Resultado: A média dos halos de inibição do crescimento, em milímetros, obtidos para os produtos foram: 0,0 (S1); 44,7 (S2); 0,0 (S3); 21,6 (S4); 10,0 (S5); 6,1 (S6); 0,0 (S7) e 2,4 (S8). Para curva de morte microbiana, todos os produtos apresentaram diferença estatisticamente significante (p<0,05) do grupo controle (cloreto de sódio 0,85%) e do grupo S3. Verificou-se crescimento fúngico inferior a 2×104 UFC/mL e acentuação na curva de morte microbiana após 30 minutos de ação, a exceção do grupo S3. Conclusão: As substâncias analisadas, a exceção do Bicarbonato de Sódio, possuem ação antifúngica frente C. albicans, podendo contribuir para higienização de prótese

Red propolis hydroalcoholic extract inhibits the formation of Candida albicans biofilms on denture surface

To evaluate the antifungal activity of the red propolis hydroalcoholic extract (RPHE) against Candida albicans biofilms. The minimum inhibitory and fungicidal concentrations (MIC and MFC) of the RPHE were determined by the microdilution technique. C. albicans biofilms were formed on the surface of resin specimens preconditioned with artificial saliva (1h). The specimens (N=48) were equally divided according to the four solutions used for anti-biofilm evaluation (n=12 per group). After overnight incubation, biofilms were daily exposed (2x/day for 15 min) along 3 days with 3% RPHE, 0.12% chlorhexidine (CHX), 50,000 IU/mL nystatin (NYS) or saline (0.9% NaCl). Biofilms were analyzed regarding the number of viable microorganisms (CFU/mL), the metabolic activity (MTT assay) and the proportion of hyphae (optical microscopy). The MIC and MFC of RPHE were respectively 0.29 mg/mL (0.03%) and 1.17 mg/mL (0.12%). There was no difference in the microorganisms? viability (CFU/mL) among groups treated with RPHE (4.92×103), CHX (3.33×102) or NYS (6.8×104), being all of them different from NaCl (3.93×107) (p0.05). All experimental groups had a mean proportion of hyphae <10%, lower than NaCl (70%). RPHE has antifungal activity against C. albicans biofilms, suggesting its use for the biofilm control on denture surfaces

The Effect of Reciprocating and Rotary Systems on Postoperative Endodontic Pain: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Introduction: The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of the instrumentation kinematics on endodontic postoperative pain. Methods and Materials: PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Lilacs, Cochrane Library and the System for Information on Gray Literature in Europe were searched electronically without time or language limitations up to June 2020. Subsequently, data extraction, quality assessment and meta-analysis were conducted. The meta-analysis was performed using random-effects inverse-variance methods, and heterogeneity was tested using the I2 index (P&lt;0.05). Results: A total of 318 articles were successfully identified in the search. Sixteen studies were used in qualitative synthesis and fourteen used for quantitative synthesis. Meta-analysis showed that patients treated with reciprocating system had lower risk of pain 48 h after endodontic treatment (Risk ratio [RR]=1.04, 95% Confidence interval [CI]=1.01-1.06, P=0.003) (I2=0%), but the mean postoperative pain for the reciprocating system was greater&nbsp; 24 h post endodontic treatment (Standardized mean difference [SMD]=0.25, 95% CI=0.06 to 0.44, P=0.01) (I2=43%). Other time points presented similar rates of postoperative pain (P&gt;0.05). The certainty of evidence ranges from very low to high. Conclusions: The rate of postoperative endodontic pain was low, and reciprocating systems evoked more pain within the 24 h interval. Overall, the incidence and level of postoperative pain did not vary between reciprocating and rotary systems. There is no consensus if there is a relationship between the kinematics (rotary and reciprocating) and the incidence of postoperative pain

Biochemical and microbiological analysis of the saliva of institutionalized elderly : with edentulism, use of dentures and presence of biofilm

To analyze biochemical and microbiological parameters of the saliva of institutionalized elders and to investigate the relation of these parameters with edentulism, use of dentures and presence of biofilm. A cross-sectional study carried was out in seven long-term institutions. Samples (n=161) of unstimulated saliva were collected for analysis of salivary flow, quantification of total proteins and identification of microorganisms. Oral examination was carried out to verify the number of missing teeth, the use of dentures and the presence of visible biofilm on the surface of teeth and dentures. Associations were performed using chi-square or Fisher?s exact test (?0.05). Associations were observed between the presence of dentures biofilm and the colonization of Streptococcus sp. (p=0.038) and Candida sp. (p=0.03). The absence of teeth and use of dentures do not influence the amount of total proteins and the microorganisms count in saliva. Denture biofilms are associated with the presence of Streptococcus sp. and Candida sp. in saliva of institutionalized elders

Impact of oral health on nutritional status, self-perception of oral health and quality of life of institutionalized elderly

This study aimed to investigate the influence of oral health on nutritional status, self-perception of oral health and health related quality of life of institutionalized elders. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 193 institutionalized elders l

Antifungal activity of essential oils against Candida albicans isolated from HIV-positive patients.

The use of natural products as potent antimicrobial compound has been studied by Dentistry, especially in combating diseases caused by oral biofilms such as dental caries and oral candidiasis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antifungal activity of essential oils from Ocimum basilicum L (basil), Cymbopogon martinii Motia (palmarosa), Cyperus articulatus L. (piprioca), Thymus vulgaris (thyme) and Cinnamomum cassia L (cinnamom) against strains of Candida albicans isolated from HIV-positive patients, and pattern strain PC (ATCC 76485). The Clinical Mycology Laboratory from Federal University of Paraiba provided fifteen clinical samples of C. albicans (C1-C15), which were kept in Sabouraud Dextrose agar. The assays to determine the antifungal actions were: screening to select oils with antifungal activity, and the determination of Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC), by microdilution technique, of essential oils from O. basilicum, C. martinii, T. vulgaris and C. cassia, with concentrations ranging between 1024 &#956;g/mL to 4&#956;g/mL. After, the effect of essential oil from C. cassia on the microbial death curve was determined by kinetics assay, against samples C-02 and PC, at concentrations CIM, 2xCIM and 4xCIM, and times 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, and 24 hours. Furthermore, the micro-morphological changes caused by essential oil from C. cassia, at concentrations CIM, 2xCIM and 4xCIM, was accessed by determination of presence of blastoconides, clamidoconides and pseudohyphae. Controls were performed for yeast growth but also to standard antifungal nystatin and miconazole (50&#956;g/mL). After screening, it was observed that the values of inhibition zones caused by essential oils from O. basilicum, C. martinii, T. vulgaris and C. cassia ranged between 27 and 30mm. The essential oil from C. articulatus showed no activity against the strains. Regarding the MIC, against PC, the essential oil from C. cassia inhibited at concentration 64&#956;g/mL, and C. martini at concentration 1024&#956;g/mL. For the clinical strains, the MIC of essential oil from C. cassia varied between 64 and 128&#956;g/mL. For 66.6% of clinical samples, the MIC of C. martinii was 612&#956;g/mL. The other oils showed no effect against the yeasts growth. Regarding the kinetics assay, the essential oil from C. cassia presented antifungal activity at all times and concentrations analyzed (MIC, 2xMIC and 4xMIC). Considering the morphological changes observed to C. albicans, the absence of pseudohyphae and presence of rare clamidoconides was found after application of essential oil from C. cassia at MIC concentration. The essential oils from C. cassia and C. martini showed antifungal activity, at different concentrations, against yeasts of Candida albicans isolated from HIV-positive patients, and pattern strain PC (ATCC 76485). The essential oil from C. cassia presented effect on the microbial death curve, as well as changed the morphology of clinical and pattern samples.Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível SuperiorA utilização de produtos de origem natural como agentes antimicrobianos tem sido estudada na área odontológica, sobretudo no combate à doenças orais causadas por biofilmes como a cárie dentária e a candidose oral. Asssim, objetivou-se avaliar a atividade antifúngica dos óleos essenciais de Ocimum basilicum L (manjericão), Cymbopogon martinii Motia (palmarosa), Cyperus articulatus L. (piprioca), Thymus vulgaris (tomilho) e Cinnamomum cassia L (canela) sobre cepas de Candida albicans isoladas de pacientes HIV positivos e cepa padrão- CP (ATCC 76485). Foram cedidas, pelo laboratório de Micologia Clínica da Universidade Federal da Paraiba, 15 amostras clínicas de C. albicans (C1-C15), as quais foram mantidas em ágar Sabouraud Dextrose. Os testes de atividade antifúngica realizados foram: triagem para selecionar os óleos com atividade antifúngica, além da determinação da Concentração Inibitória Mínima (CIM), pela técnica da microdiluição, dos óleos essenciais de O. basilicum, C. martinii, T. vulgaris e C. cassia, com concentrações variando entre 1024 &#956;g/mL à 4 &#956;g/mL. Após, determinou-se o efeito do óleo essencial de C. cassia sobre a curva de morte microbiana, por meio do ensaio de cinética, sobre as amostras C-02 e CP, nas seguintes concentrações: CIM, 2xCIM e 4xCIM, nos tempos de 0, 0,5, 1, 2 e 24 horas. Além disto, determinou-se por meio do teste das alterações da micromorfologia fúngica a atividade do óleo essencial de C. cassia, nas concentrações: CIM, 2xCIM e 4xCIM, quanto a presença de blastoconídeos, clamidoconídeos e pseudohifas. Foram realizados controles para o crescimento das leveduras como também para antifúngicos padrão nistatina e miconazol (50 &#956;g/mL).Para os resultados do screening, observou-se que os valores dos halos de inibição dos óleos essenciais de O. basilicum, C. martinii, T. vulgaris e C. cassia frente as amostras clínicas e padrão de C. albicans variaram entre 27 e 30mm. O óleo essencial de C. articulatus não apresentou atividade frente às cepas. Já em relação à CIM constatou-se que frente a CP, a CIM do óleo essencial de C. cassia foi de 64 &#956;g/mL, entretanto para óleo de e C. martinii foi de 1024 &#956;g/mL. Para as cepas clínicas, verificou-se que a CIM do óleo essencial de C. cassia variou entre 64 &#956;g/mL a 128 Observou-se que para 66,6% das amostras clínicas, a CIM de C. martinii foi de 612 &#956;g/mL. Os demais óleos não apresentaram efeitos sobre o crescimento das leveduras. Quanto ao ensaio de cinética, verificou-se em todos os tempos ação antifúngica de C. cassia nas concentrações CIM, 2xCIM e 4xCIM. Em relação às alterações morfológicas observadas nas cepas de C. albicans, constatou-se a ausência de pseudohifas e presença de clamidoconídeos raros, à partir do uso do óleo essencial de C. cassia na CIM. Constatou-se atividade antifúngica dos óleos essenciais de C. cassia e C. martinii sobre cepas de C. albicans isoladas de pacientes HIV positivos e cepa padrão (ATCC 76485), em diferentes concentrações. O óleo essencial de C. cassia apresentou efeito sobre a curva de morte das leveduras, bem como alterou a micromorfologia das amostras de C. albicans padrão e clínica