Bolivia : diaspora and emigration policies

INTERACT - Researching Third Country Nationals’ Integration as a Three-way Process - Immigrants, Countries of Emigration and Countries of Immigration as Actors of IntegrationIs immigration on the Bolivian political agenda? If we only analyze the official census figures and focus on laws, decrees and public policy initiatives, we should probably answer ‘no’. However, as we shall see, we have to consider another reality after integrating various statistical estimates that increase official numbers and after acknowledging the work of some governmental departments as well as non-governmental social research and advocacy organizations and Bolivian migrants associations abroad. To understand the difference in the response to migration questions in Bolivia, we now present the policy and institutional foundations on which the immigration debate is held in Bolivia. Some public policy, civil right defense and research initiatives have been proposed and established, but these initiatives would be best judged after considering how much political and economic support they will receive in future.INTERACT is co-financed by the European University Institute and the European Union

Feminist contributions on sexual experiences of women with serious mental illness: a literature review

This paper aims to explore the contributions of research that include gender perspective in analysing the sexual experiences of women diagnosed with serious mental illness and to identify any barriers and systems that impede sexual fulfilment. We have developed a qualitative literature review using the PRISMA statement. The databases SCOPUS, WOS and PsychINFO were used in this review. Studies were included if they were published up to March 15, 2022, and only studies in English were included. An initial database search was preformed; upon screening for eligibility, there remained 16 studies that explored the sexual experiences of women with diagnoses of serious mental illness. The studies were analysed by a thematic synthesis. Data was coded line-by-line which generated descriptive themes, resulting in four synthesised findings. The four synthesised findings that derived from the reviewed studies were stigma and subjectivity, the experience of interpersonal relationships, the socialisation of women and the effects of psychiatric hegemony. A feminist perspective highlights the interrelationship between gender and stigma as it relates to serious mental illness and sexuality. A feminist perspective and an intersectional approach should be adopted at the intersubjective and structural level to account for the complexity of human experience and to subvert the heteropatriarchal system

The Fusion Protein Signal-Peptide-Coding Region of Canine Distemper Virus: a Useful Tool for Phylogenetic Reconstruction and Lineage Identification

Canine distemper virus (CDV) (Paramyxoviridae, Morbillivirus) is the etiologic agent of a multisystemic infectious disease affecting all the terrestrial carnivore families, with high incidence and mortality in domestic dogs. The hemagglutinin (H) gene has been widely employed to characterize field strains, permitting the identification of the nine CDV lineages worldwide. Recently, it has been established that the fusion protein signal peptide coding region (Fsp) is extremely variable, suggesting its usefulness for characterization studies. However, the divergence among global strains and its phylogenetic resolution has not been evaluated yet. Herein, we constructed two datasets with the Fsp coding region and H gene sequences of the same strains belonging to eight CDV lineages, and used them to compare both genomic regions through phylogenetic and likelihood mapping analyses. The phylogenetic analysis revealed that both datasets clustered the strains in eight CDVs lineages. The amino acid divergence inter-lineages showed values for Fsp peptide four-fold higher than the H protein. The likelihood mapping study revealed that both datasets displayed strong phylogenetic signals in the region of well-resolved topology. These features indicated that the Fsp coding region is useful for evolutionary analysis as it allows the straightforward identification of CDV lineages.Fil: Nicolas Sarute. UNIVERSIDAD DE LA REPUBLICA.Fil: Gallo Calderon, Marina. CONSEJO NAC.DE INVEST.CIENTIF.Y TECNICAS. OFICINA DE COORDINACION ADMINISTRATIVA PQUE. CENTENARIO. INST.DE CS. Y TECNOLOGIA "DR. CESAR MILSTEIN".Fil: Ruben Perez. UNIVERSIDAD DE LA REPUBLICA.Fil: la Torre, Jose. CONSEJO NAC.DE INVEST.CIENTIF.Y TECNICAS. OFICINA DE COORDINACION ADMINISTRATIVA PQUE. CENTENARIO. INST.DE CS. Y TECNOLOGIA "DR. CESAR MILSTEIN".Fil: Martín Hernández. UNIVERSIDAD DE LA REPUBLICA.Fil: Lourdes Francia. UNIVERSIDAD DE LA REPUBLICA.Fil: Yanina Panzera. UNIVERSIDAD DE LA REPUBLICA

Diagnosis of Trypanosoma cruzi Infection Status using Saliva of Infected Subjects

Chagas disease has the highest prevalence of any parasitic disease in the Americas, affecting 6-7 million people. Conventional diagnosis requires a well-equipped laboratory with experienced personnel. The development of new diagnostic tools that are easy to use and adapted to the reality of affected populations and health systems is still a significant challenge. The main objective of this study was to measure Trypanosoma cruzi infection status using saliva samples of infected subjects. Blood and saliva samples from 20 T. cruzi-seropositive individuals and 10 controls were tested for T. cruzi infection using two different commercial serological tests. We have shown that detection of T. cruzi infection is possible using saliva samples, supporting the potential use of saliva to diagnose Chagas disease in humans. This method could provide a simple, low-cost but effective tool for the diagnosis of T. cruzi infection. Its noninvasive nature makes it particularly well suited for endemic areas

Temporomandibular joint disc displacement with reduction: a review of mechanisms and clinical presentation

Disc displacement with reduction (DDWR) is one of the most common intra-articular disorders of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). Factors related to the etiology, progression and treatment of such condition is still a subject of discussion. This literature review aimed to address etiology, development, related factors, diagnosis, natural course, and treatment of DDWR. A non-systematic search was conducted within PubMed, Scopus, SciELO, Medline, LILACS and Science Direct using the Medical Subjective Headings (MeSH) terms "temporomandibular disorders", "temporomandibular joint", "disc displacement" and "disc displacement with reduction". No time restriction was applied. Literature reviews, systematic reviews, meta-analysis and clinical trials were included. DDWR is usually asymptomatic and requires no treatment, since the TMJ structures adapt very well and painlessly to different disc positions. Yet, long-term studies have shown the favorable progression of this condition, with no pain and/or jaw locking occurring in most of the patients27sem informaçãosem informaçã

Temporomandibular joint disc displacement with reduction: a review of mechanisms and clinical presentation

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Industrializaci?n y exportaci?n de derivados de la pota

En el Per?, la pota es uno de los principales productos de exportaci?n no tradicional y su volumen de exportaci?n se ha incrementado en forma notable debido a los bajos precios y la gran variedad de presentaciones que impulsan una demanda internacional cada vez mayor. El norte del pa?s es el principal punto de desembarque, en Paita y Sullana operan empresas dedicadas a la elaboraci?n de derivados de la pota, de las cuales algunas han conseguido un grado de industrializaci?n significativo. La posibilidad de pasar a una explotaci?n industrial local de la pota condujo al presente estudio, que busca evaluar la factibilidad econ?mica de un plan de negocio orientado a explotarla, espec?ficamente en la provincia de Paita, a trav?s del procesamiento y la exportaci?n de sus derivados. Para hacerlo, se analiza la viabilidad del producto, se determina el mercado objetivo y se identifican aquellos derivados con mayor potencial de demanda y factibles de producirse en Paita. Igualmente se determinan las caracter?sticas de la cadena productiva y los problemas y las oportunidades que muestra el sector. Finalmente, se presenta una propuesta de estrategia empresarial para una empresa nueva que llevar? a cabo la producci?n y la exportaci?n