Phenotypic and Genetic Correlations Among Mating Traits in Three Species of Nasonia (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae

Phenotypic correlations between traits are thought to reflect genetic correlations. However, traits related to a central function, like reproduction, need not all be genetically correlated. Identifying genetic correlations between behavioral traits can help identify the evolutionary relationship between different behaviors, as well as provide initial information on the number of genes involved in behavioral variation and the rates and direction of evolution. This body of work describes the phenotypic and genetic relationship between mating traits in the parasitoid wasp genus Nasonia. Chapters 2 and 3 describe behavioral differences among the three species of Nasonia. Two of the species, N. vitripennis and N. giraulti, show extreme differences for several behavioral traits. Nasonia vitripennis females mate almost exclusively after emergence from the host puparium and show a strong propensity to remate, and males of this species show strong site fidelity after emergence. Conversely, N. giraulti females mate almost exclusively inside the host (called within-host mating; WHM), show a low frequency of remating, and males show no site fidelity and disperse after emergence. The third species, N. longicornis, is similar to N. vitripennis for male site fidelity, but shows between line variation for WHM and female remating. I used the between line variation to create divergent recombinant inbred lines (RILs), 24 of which were screened for ten different behavioral traits (Chapter 4), including WHM, male site fidelity, remating, components of male courtship, and male and female developmental traits. Three behaviors were genetically correlated; WHM was positively correltated with remating frequency and remating frequency was negatively correlated with male courtship duration. The relationship between WHM and remating frequency could not be explained in terms of timing of female receptivity. However, remating frequency was directly correlated with when females became sexually receptive as early female receptivity was found in lines with high remating frequencies. I also address the evolution of these behaviors in an ecological context (Chapter 5). WHM is thought to have evolved as a byproduct of selection against hybridization in nature, and the ecological distribution of Nasonia,a both within nests and host pupae, is consistent with this hypothesis

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Vision-related symptoms as a clinical feature of chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalomyelitis? Evidence from the DePaul Symptom Questionnaire

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS) or Myalgic Encephalomyelitis (ME) is a debilitating disorder, affecting at least 250,000 people in the UK. Marked by debilitating fatigue, its aetiology is poorly understood and diagnosis controversial. A number of symptoms overlap with other illnesses with the result that CFS/ME is commonly misdiagnosed. It is important therefore that significant clinical features are investigated. People diagnosed with CFS/ME consistently report that they experience vision-related symptoms associated with their illness1-3 with some of these reports being verified experimentally. Although vision-related symptoms may represent a significant clinical feature of CFS/ME that could be useful in its diagnosis, they have yet to be included in clinical guidelines

Hydrodynamic skin-friction reduction

A process for reducing skin friction, inhibiting the effects of liquid turbulence, and decreasing heat transfer in a system involving flow of a liquid along a surface of a body includes applying a substantially integral sheet of a gas, e.g., air, immediately adjacent to the surface of the body; a marine vehicle, which has a longitudinally grooved surface in proximity with the liquid and with a surface material having high contact angle between the liquid and said wall to reduce interaction of the liquid; water, with the surface of the body; and the hull of the marine vehicle

Exploring Community Psychology Value Congruence in Academic Settings

This study focused on the relationship of value congruence between the individuals who belong to the field of Community Psychology and their workplace in relation to the work-related outcomes in an academic setting such as job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and willingness to recommend one’s workplace. 735 academic members of SCRA were identified and sent an email requesting their participation in this study. Results showed that departments rated higher on community psychology values had a greater number of faculty possessing similar values employed in those departments. In addition, better value fit predicted higher job satisfaction scores and higher organizational commitment scores, as well as a stronger willingness to recommend the department as a good place to work. At the same time, results provided a better understanding of the concepts of job satisfaction and organizational commitment in the academic settings. Furthermore, the findings highlighted the importance of values in relation to “organizational culture” beyond those strictly related to work/job

Exploring Community Psychology Value Congruence in Academic Settings

This study focused on the relationship of value congruence between the individuals who belong to the field of Community Psychology and their workplace in relation to the work-related outcomes in an academic setting such as job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and willingness to recommend one’s workplace. 735 academic members of SCRA were identified and sent an email requesting their participation in this study. Results showed that departments rated higher on community psychology values had a greater number of faculty possessing similar values employed in those departments. In addition, better value fit predicted higher job satisfaction scores and higher organizational commitment scores, as well as a stronger willingness to recommend the department as a good place to work. At the same time, results provided a better understanding of the concepts of job satisfaction and organizational commitment in the academic settings. Furthermore, the findings highlighted the importance of values in relation to “organizational culture” beyond those strictly related to work/job

The Community Narration (CN) Approach: Understanding a Group’s Identity and Cognitive Constructs through Personal and Community Narratives

Community program evaluations, visioning and assessments must always endeavor to attain useful information in the most sensitive way. Most community-based organizations form, grow and continue on their own without the help of outside experts. Participatory approaches should respect the historical evolution of these groups and understand the positive factors that underlie their organizational beliefs. A group’s mission, values and identity should inform any community program evaluation, consulting project, and the design of any research study. Narrative methods have been used with mutual-help groups and many other organizations to good effect (Harré, Bullen, & Olson, 2006; Rappaport, 2000). Such methods have great potential to avoid hierarchical and unidirectional forms of evaluation, encouraging the group’s collective psychology and identity-based constructs to emerge. We developed a participatory, narrative technique called Community Narration (CN), which is described here. The technique utilizes personal stories and community narratives as an entry into the evaluation process or other work involved in understanding an organization. The community’s participants were able to use the technique successfully, found it enriching, and the constructs obtained have led to many discussions and memberguided research related to the organization

Pediatric Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Research on pediatric Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS) is reviewed in this article. Many recent articles in this area highlight the existence of key differences between the adult and pediatric forms of the illness. This review article provides an overview of pediatric ME/ CFS, including epidemiology, diagnostic criteria, treatment, and prognosis. Challenges to the field are identified with the hope that in the future pediatric cases of ME/CFS can be more accurately diagnosed and successfully managed