19 research outputs found
Exploring X-ray Binary Populations in Compact Group Galaxies with
We obtain total galaxy X-ray luminosities, , originating from
individually detected point sources in a sample of 47 galaxies in 15 compact
groups of galaxies (CGs). For the great majority of our galaxies, we find that
the detected point sources most likely are local to their associated galaxy,
and are thus extragalactic X-ray binaries (XRBs) or nuclear active galactic
nuclei (AGNs). For spiral and irregular galaxies, we find that, after
accounting for AGNs and nuclear sources, most CG galaxies are either within the
scatter of the Mineo et al. (2012) - star formation rate
(SFR) correlation or have higher than predicted by this correlation for
their SFR. We discuss how these "excesses" may be due to low metallicities and
high interaction levels. For elliptical and S0 galaxies, after accounting for
AGNs and nuclear sources, most CG galaxies are consistent with the Boroson et
al. (2011) - stellar mass correlation for low-mass XRBs, with larger
scatter, likely due to residual effects such as AGN activity or hot gas.
Assuming non-nuclear sources are low- or high-mass XRBs, we use appropriate XRB
luminosity functions to estimate the probability that stochastic effects can
lead to such extreme values. We find that, although stochastic effects do
not in general appear to be important, for some galaxies there is a significant
probability that high values can be observed due to strong XRB
variability.Comment: Accepted by Ap
The Morpho-kinematic Architecture of Super Star Clusters in the Center of NGC 253
The center of the nearby galaxy NGC 253 hosts a population of more than a dozen super star clusters (SSCs) that are still in the process of forming. The majority of the star formation of the burst is concentrated in these SSCs, and the starburst is powering a multiphase outflow from the galaxy. In this work, we measure the 350 GHz dust continuum emission toward the center of NGC 253 at 47 mas (0.8 pc) resolution using data from the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array. We report the detection of 350 GHz (dust) continuum emission in the outflow for the first time, associated with the prominent South-West streamer. In this feature, the dust emission has a width of approximate to 8 pc, is located at the outer edge of the CO emission, and corresponds to a molecular gas mass of similar to(8-17)x10(6) M (circle dot). In the starburst nucleus, we measure the resolved radial profiles, sizes, and molecular gas masses of the SSCs. Compared to previous work at the somewhat lower spatial resolution, the SSCs here break apart into smaller substructures with radii 0.4-0.7 pc. In projection, the SSCs, dust, and dense molecular gas appear to be arranged as a thin, almost linear, structure roughly 155 pc in length. The morphology and kinematics of this structure can be well explained as gas following x (2) orbits at the center of a barred potential. We constrain the morpho-kinematic arrangement of the SSCs themselves, finding that an elliptical, angular-momentum-conserving ring is a good description of both the morphology and kinematics of the SSCs
Outflows from Super Star Clusters in the Central Starburst of NGC253
Young massive clusters play an important role in the evolution of their host
galaxies, and feedback from the high-mass stars in these clusters can have
profound effects on the surrounding interstellar medium. The nuclear starburst
in the nearby galaxy NGC253 at a distance of 3.5 Mpc is a key laboratory in
which to study star formation in an extreme environment. Previous high
resolution (1.9 pc) dust continuum observations from ALMA discovered 14
compact, massive super star clusters (SSCs) still in formation. We present here
ALMA data at 350 GHz with 28 milliarcsecond (0.5 pc) resolution. We detect
blueshifted absorption and redshifted emission (P-Cygni profiles) towards three
of these SSCs in multiple lines, including CS 76 and HCN 43, which
represents direct evidence for previously unobserved outflows. The mass
contained in these outflows is a significant fraction of the cluster gas
masses, which suggests we are witnessing a short but important phase. Further
evidence of this is the finding of a molecular shell around the only SSC
visible at near-IR wavelengths. We model the P-Cygni line profiles to constrain
the outflow geometry, finding that the outflows must be nearly spherical.
Through a comparison of the outflow properties with predictions from
simulations, we find that none of the available mechanisms completely explains
the observations, although dust-reprocessed radiation pressure and O star
stellar winds are the most likely candidates. The observed outflows will have a
very substantial effect on the clusters' evolution and star formation
efficiency.Comment: Accepted to Ap
Emission lines due to ionizing radiation from a compact object in the remnant of Supernova 1987A
The nearby Supernova 1987A was accompanied by a burst of neutrino emission, which indicates that a compact object (a neutron star or black hole) was formed in the explosion. There has been no direct observation of this compact object. In this work, we observe the supernova remnant with JWST spectroscopy, finding narrow infrared emission lines of argon and sulfur. The line emission is spatially unresolved and blueshifted in velocity relative to the supernova rest frame. We interpret the lines as gas illuminated by a source of ionizing photons located close to the center of the expanding ejecta. Photoionization models show that the line ratios are consistent with ionization by a cooling neutron star or a pulsar wind nebula. The velocity shift could be evidence for a neutron star natal kick
PLoS One Spreadsheet Data
Tab 1 displays the bin contents (where each item from each participant ended up). This data was used for the "Accuracy" and "Bin Contents" analyses. Tab 2 displays the coding results of the two coders from the current experiment. This data was used for the "Receptacles used" and "Time spent at receptacles" analyses. Tab 3 displays the coding results of the two coders from the observational data in Wu et al. (2013). This data was used for the "Time spent at receptacles" analyses
Data from: Being in a âgreenâ building elicits âgreenerâ recycling, but not necessarily âbetterâ recycling
Previous observational work revealed that transient populations in a sustainable building disposed of waste more accurately when compared to patrons in a non-sustainable building. The current study uses an experimental design to replicate this observed effect and to investigate whether or not the built environment influences motivational factors to impact behavior. We find support that a building designed and built to communicate an atmosphere of sustainability can influence waste disposal behavior. Participants in the sustainable building used the garbage receptacle significantly less and compensated by tending to select the containers and organics receptacle more, which actually resulted in more errors overall. Our findings suggest that building atmospherics can motivate people to recycle more. However, atmospherics alone do not appear to be sufficient to elicit the desired performance outcome
The duration of time spent at the receptacles in the current experimental study and in our observational study [26].
<p>Participants spent significantly more time at receptacles in the current study compared to patrons in Wu et al. [<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0145737#pone.0145737.ref028" target="_blank">28</a>].</p
Convenience improves composting and recycling rates in high-density residential buildings
Examples of how the CIRS building conveys an atmosphere of sustainability to users.
<p>From top left to bottom right: water collection and purification system, signage in washroom about the water collection and purification system, 3D signage at waste receptacles in the cafĂ©, extensive use of wood in the buildingâs construction, messaging on paper napkin holders in the cafĂ©, LEED platinum certification display in the lobby, signage by the elevators to increase the use of stairs.</p
The room that participants were instructed to tidy up.
<p>The room that participants were instructed to tidy up.</p