Estimating causal effects with non-experimental data

In this manuscript we seek to relax some of the traditional assumptions associated with the estimation of causal effects. In particular, we relax the assumption that all confounders are measured without error and the assumption that the observations in the sample are independent and identically distributed. Furthermore, we explore the impact of model misspecification in the estimation of population causal effects

IT\u27S ALL ABOUT BALANCE: PROPENSITY SCORE MATCHING IN THE CONTEXT OF COMPLEX SURVEY DATA

Many research studies aim to draw causal inferences using data from large, nationally representative survey samples, and many of these studies use propensity score matching to make those causal inferences as rigorous as possible given the non-experimental nature of the data. However, very few applied studies are careful about incorporating the survey design with the propensity score analysis, which may mean that the results don’t generate population inferences. This may be because few methodological studies examine how to best combine these methods. Furthermore, even fewer of the methodological studies incorporate different non-response mechanisms in their analysis. This study examines methods for how to handle survey weights in propensity score matching analyses of survey data, under diferent non-response mechanisms. Based on the results from Monte Carlo simulations implemented on synthetic data as well as a data based application we developed suggestions regarding the implementation of propensity score methods to make causal inferences relevant to the target population of a sample survey. Our main conclusions are: (1) whether the survey weights are incorporated in the estimation of the propensity score does not impact estimation of the population treatment effect, as long as good population balance is achieved across confounders, (2) survey weights must be taken into account in the outcome analysis and (3) transfer of survey weights (i.e., matched comparison units are assigned the sampling weight of the treated unit they have been matched to) can be benefcial under certain non-response mechanisms

EC 96-103-A Nebraska Fall-Sown Small Grain Variety Tests 1996

Extension Circular 96-103-A: Nebraska Fall-Sown Small Grain Variety Tests-1996

G92-1068 Planting and Harvesting Information for Nebraska Crops

This NebGuide gives information on the normal practices of planting and harvesting crops grown in Nebraska. This publication is a guide for some basic crop management practices for a variety of Nebraska crops. There are many special or unique cropping situations that will require some adjustments to these suggestions

G92-1068 Planting and Harvesting Information for Nebraska Crops

This NebGuide gives information on the normal practices of planting and harvesting crops grown in Nebraska. This publication is a guide for some basic crop management practices for a variety of Nebraska crops. There are many special or unique cropping situations that will require some adjustments to these suggestions

EC91-102 C Nebraska Spring Wheat, Oats, Barley, Canola and Crambe Variety Tests 1991

Extension circular 91-102-C: This circular is a progress report of Nebraska spring wheat, oats, barley, canola and crambe variety trials conducted in 1991 by personnel of the agronomy department and the Northeast and Panhandle Centers and their associated agricultural laboratories

The implementation of theme-based instruction in virtual environments focused on enhancing accurate spoken production in english of eleventh graders in a public school in Pereira

Since long ago, many human inventions have been employed to communicate messages between people; elements such as the telegraph or the letter could be regarded as examples. Yet counting on these artifacts, speaking has remained the primary means of communication for civilizations’ everyday purposes. In support of this fact, Zaremba (2006, as cited in Boonkit, 2010) stated that, out of the four macro skills, speaking seems to be the essential skill required for communication..

G80-487 Spring Small Grains Variety Selection (Revised January 1992)

Tests indicate which varieties of oats, barley and spring wheat are best adapted to Nebraska growing conditions. The primary spring small grain grown in Nebraska is oats. Oats are grown throughout the state, but production is concentrated in the east and northeast cropping districts. Nebraska\u27s estimated harvested oat acreage in 1989 was 310,000 acres. Spring barley production is centered in the northwest and southwest districts. Harvested barley acreage in 1990 was 30,000 acres. Barley is commonly grown as an early summer feed grain and corn substitute. Spring wheat production in Nebraska is concentrated in the northern section of the state where conditions limit reliability of winter wheat