A SCIENTOMETRIC REVIEW ON LEUCISM IN WILD DOLPHINS

ABSTRACTLeucism, a category of partial albinism, has been observed in several marine mammals, including cetaceans. The underlying mutations, however, have not yet been identified, and a severe knowledge gap concerning this condition in these animals, has, therefore, been noted. In this context, the present study performed a scientometric-based review on leucism in dolphins, assessing the distribution of confirmed cases worldwide. Reports ranged from 1929 to 2019, with a total of only 14 records on confirmed leucism cases obtained from the literature. This extremely low number of records confirms the significant knowledge gap for leucism in dolphins, hindering further discussions and insightsinto the ecological and physiological implications of this condition. All records report on leucistic dolphin sightings in the northern hemisphere, except for one, in southeastern Brazil. The potential causes of this condition are discussed for the investigated populations, and the role of citizen science is highlighted as a potential tool to obtain further information on the subject.RESUMOO leucismo, uma categoria de albinismo parcial, tem sido observado em vários mamíferos marinhos, incluindo cetáceos. As mutações subjacentes, no entanto, ainda não foram identificadas, e uma grave lacuna de conhecimento sobre essa condição nesses animais foi observada. Neste contexto, o presente estudo realizou uma revisão baseada em cienciometria acerca de leucismo em golfinhos, avaliando a distribuição de casos confirmados ao redor do mundo. Registros variaram de 1929 a 2019, com um total de apenas 14 registros de casos confirmados de leucismo obtidos na literatura. Este número extremamente baixo de registros confirma a significativa lacuna de conhecimento do leucismo em golfinhos, dificultando discussões e percepções adicionais sobre as implicações ecológicas e fisiológicas dessa condição. Todos os registros relatam avistamentos de golfinhos leucísticos no hemisfério norte, exceto um, no sudeste do Brasil. As causas potenciais dessa condição são discutidas para as populações investigadas, e o papel da ciência cidadã é destacado como uma ferramenta potencial para obter mais informações sobre o assunto.Palavras-chave: Albinismo; Coloração anormal; Cetáceo; Análise cienciométrica; Avistamentos de golfinhos

Z-plasty in the treatment of unilateral cleft lip: review of its history

The study reviews the use of Z-plasty in the cheiloplasty techniques used to treat unilateral cleft lip. It highlights the contribution of Brazilian authors, especially that of Perseu Lemos. It also reports the conduct adopted by the senior author in this type of cheiloplasty

Drone Up! Quantifying Whale Behavior From a New Perspective Improves Observational Capacity

During traditional boat-based surveys of marine megafauna, behavioral observations are typically limited to records of animal surfacings obtained from a horizontal perspective. Achieving an aerial perspective has been restricted to brief helicopter or airplane based observations that are costly, noisy, and risky. The emergence of commercial small unmanned aerial systems (UAS) has significantly reduced these constraints to provide a stable, relatively quiet, and inexpensive platform that enables replicate observations for prolonged periods with minimal disturbance. The potential of UAS for behavioral observation appears immense, yet quantitative proof of utility as an observational tool is required. We use UAS footage of gray whales foraging in the coastal waters of Oregon, United States to develop video behavior analysis methods, determine the change in observation time enabled by UAS, and describe unique behaviors observed via UAS. Boat-based behavioral observations from 53 gray whale sightings between May and October 2016 were compared to behavioral data extracted from video analysis of UAS flights during those sightings. We used a DJI Phantom 3 Pro or 4 Advanced, recorded video from an altitude ≥25 m, and detected no behavioral response by whales to the UAS. Two experienced whale ethologists conducted UAS video behavioral analysis, including tabulation of whale behavior states and events, and whale surface time and whale visible time (total time the whale was visible including underwater). UAS provided three times more observational capacity than boat-based observations alone (300 vs. 103 min). When observation time is accounted for, UAS data provided more and longer observations of all primary behavior states (travel, forage, social, and rest) relative to boat-based data, especially foraging. Furthermore, UAS enable documentation of multiple novel gray whale foraging tactics (e.g., headstands: n = 58; side-swimming: n = 17; jaw snapping and flexing: n = 10) and 33 social events (nursing and pair coordinated surfacings) not identified from boat-based observation. This study demonstrates the significant added value of UAS to marine megafauna behavior and ecological studies. With technological advances, robust study designs, and effective analytical tools, we foresee increased UAS applications to marine megafauna studies to elucidate foraging strategies, habitat associations, social patterns, and response to human disturbance

Drone Up! Quantifying Whale Behavior From a New Perspective Improves Observational Capacity

During traditional boat-based surveys of marine megafauna, behavioral observations are typically limited to records of animal surfacings obtained from a horizontal perspective. Achieving an aerial perspective has been restricted to brief helicopter or airplane based observations that are costly, noisy, and risky. The emergence of commercial small unmanned aerial systems (UAS) has significantly reduced these constraints to provide a stable, relatively quiet, and inexpensive platform that enables replicate observations for prolonged periods with minimal disturbance. The potential of UAS for behavioral observation appears immense, yet quantitative proof of utility as an observational tool is required. We use UAS footage of gray whales foraging in the coastal waters of Oregon, United States to develop video behavior analysis methods, determine the change in observation time enabled by UAS, and describe unique behaviors observed via UAS. Boat-based behavioral observations from 53 gray whale sightings between May and October 2016 were compared to behavioral data extracted from video analysis of UAS flights during those sightings. We used a DJI Phantom 3 Pro or 4 Advanced, recorded video from an altitude ≥25 m, and detected no behavioral response by whales to the UAS. Two experienced whale ethologists conducted UAS video behavioral analysis, including tabulation of whale behavior states and events, and whale surface time and whale visible time (total time the whale was visible including underwater). UAS provided three times more observational capacity than boat-based observations alone (300 vs. 103 min). When observation time is accounted for, UAS data provided more and longer observations of all primary behavior states (travel, forage, social, and rest) relative to boat-based data, especially foraging. Furthermore, UAS enable documentation of multiple novel gray whale foraging tactics (e.g., headstands: n = 58; side-swimming: n = 17; jaw snapping and flexing: n = 10) and 33 social events (nursing and pair coordinated surfacings) not identified from boat-based observation. This study demonstrates the significant added value of UAS to marine megafauna behavior and ecological studies. With technological advances, robust study designs, and effective analytical tools, we foresee increased UAS applications to marine megafauna studies to elucidate foraging strategies, habitat associations, social patterns, and response to human disturbance

Drone Up! Quantifying Whale Behavior From a New Perspective Improves Observational Capacity

During traditional boat-based surveys of marine megafauna, behavioral observations are typically limited to records of animal surfacings obtained from a horizontal perspective. Achieving an aerial perspective has been restricted to brief helicopter or airplane based observations that are costly, noisy, and risky. The emergence of commercial small unmanned aerial systems (UAS) has significantly reduced these constraints to provide a stable, relatively quiet, and inexpensive platform that enables replicate observations for prolonged periods with minimal disturbance. The potential of UAS for behavioral observation appears immense, yet quantitative proof of utility as an observational tool is required. We use UAS footage of gray whales foraging in the coastal waters of Oregon, United States to develop video behavior analysis methods, determine the change in observation time enabled by UAS, and describe unique behaviors observed via UAS. Boat-based behavioral observations from 53 gray whale sightings between May and October 2016 were compared to behavioral data extracted from video analysis of UAS flights during those sightings. We used a DJI Phantom 3 Pro or 4 Advanced, recorded video from an altitude >= 25 m, and detected no behavioral response by whales to the UAS. Two experienced whale ethologists conducted UAS video behavioral analysis, including tabulation of whale behavior states and events, and whale surface time and whale visible time (total time the whale was visible including underwater). UAS provided three times more observational capacity than boat-based observations alone (300 vs. 103 min). When observation time is accounted for, UAS data provided more and longer observations of all primary behavior states (travel, forage, social, and rest) relative to boat-based data, especially foraging. Furthermore, UAS enable documentation of multiple novel gray whale foraging tactics (e.g., headstands: n = 58; side-swimming: n = 17; jaw snapping and flexing: n = 10) and 33 social events (nursing and pair coordinated surfacings) not identified from boat-based observation. This study demonstrates the significant added value of UAS to marine megafauna behavior and ecological studies. With technological advances, robust study designs, and effective analytical tools, we foresee increased UAS applications to marine megafauna studies to elucidate foraging strategies, habitat associations, social patterns, and response to human disturbance

Pressure, Performance and Prestige: Dilemmas for Contemporary Professionals

Recent changes in the world of work have resulted in a greater level of work intensification. Whilst there have been gains in productivity, workers have been subject to increasing demands of both a physical and mental nature, which tend to have a negative impact on their well-being. Our interest in understanding this phenomenon has led to a qualitative study that seeks to analyse the experiences of professional graduates working in organizations that use high- performance practices, which tend to generate work intensification. The respondents revealed both the negative implications of work intensification, such as an increase in the working day, excessive pressure and sacrifices in their personal lives, as well as other aspects considered positive, such as learning, professional growth, autonomy and financial gains. These latter aspects deserve attention, since they can help us understand what leads qualified workers to accept intensified working practices. 

ESTATUTO DEL NIÑO Y DEL ADOLESCENTE Y DERECHOS HUMANOS SEXUALES Y REPRODUCTIVOS EN LA FORMACIÓN DE ENFERMEROS Y MÉDICOS

Esta investigación tuvo la finalidad de identificar contenidos sobre Derechos Humanos Sexuales y Reproductivos y Estatuto del Niño y del Adolescente en los programas de disciplinas de áreas de Salud de la Mujer, Salud del Adolescente y Salud Colectiva de los cursos de graduación en Enfermería y Medicina de las Universidades Públicas del Estado de Rio de Janeiro. Fueron analizados 30 programas de disciplinas de graduación en Enfermería y 18 de Medicina a través de matriz de análisis bajo la técnica de análisis temático. El tema Derechos Sexuales y Reproductivos está presente solamente en el ítem Referencia Bibliográfica de un programa, y el Estatuto del Niño y del Adolescente está en las Referencias de tres programas, solamente del curso de Enfermería. Fue identificada una no patronización, así como bibliografía desactualizada en los programas de los cursos de este estudio con posibles perjuicios a la formación profesional.This research aimed to identify content referent to Human, Reproductive and Sexual Rights and the Statute of the Child and Adolescent in the programs of courses in the areas of Women’s Health, Adolescent Health and Collective Health of the undergraduate Nursing and Medicine courses at the Public Universities of the State of Rio de Janeiro. 30 programs from undergraduate nursing courses, and 18 from Medicine, were analyzed, by using the evaluation matrix with the technique of thematic analysis. The topic of Sexual and Reproductive Rights is present only in the item ‘Bibliographic Referencing’ of one program, and the Statute of the Child and Adolescent is to be found in the References of three programs, and only in the Nursing course. Lack of standardization and a bibliography which was not up-to-date were identified in the courses’ programs in this study, with possible harm to professional training.Esta pesquisa teve por objetivo identificar conteúdos referentes aos Direitos Humanos Sexuais e Reprodutivos e Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente nos programas de disciplinas das áreas de Saúde da Mulher, Saúde do Adolescente e Saúde Coletiva dos cursos de graduação em Enfermagem e Medicina das Universidades Públicas do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Foram analisados 30 programas de disciplinas da graduação em Enfermagem e 18 de Medicina através de matriz de análise sob a técnica de análise temática. O tema Direitos Sexuais e Reprodutivos está presente apenas no item Referência Bibliográfica de um programa, e o Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente consta nas Referências de três programas, apenas do curso de Enfermagem. Identificou-se não padronização e bibliografia desatualizada nos programas dos cursos deste estudo com possíveis prejuízos à formação profissional.

INSTITUTO FEDERAL CATARINENSE CAMPUS VIDEIRA INCENTIVANDO AS ESCOLAS DE VIDEIRA SC A PARTICIPAREM DA OLIMPÍADA BRASILEIRA DE INFORMÁTICA FEDERAL INSTITUTE OF SANTA CATARINA CAMPUS VIDEIRA ENCOURAGING SCHOOLS FROM VIDEIRA SC TO PARTICIPATE OF BRAZILIAN OLY

O trabalho teve como objetivo incentivar as escolas de Videira a participarem da Olimpíada Brasileira de Informática OBI 2017. Inicialmente foi desenvolvido no IFC Videira um projeto de extensão seguindo o calendário definido pela Universidade deCampinas UNICAMP, instituição organizadora da OBI. A participação do IFC foi desde a divulgação, com consequente aplicação de provas, até a conferência e o lançamento da pontuação obtida para cada um dos alunos

Intra‐ and inter‐annual variation in gray whale body condition on a foraging ground

Baleen whales store energy gained on foraging grounds to support reproduction and other metabolic needs while fasting for long periods during migration. Whale body condition can be used to monitor foraging success, and thus better understand and anticipate individual‐ and population‐level trends in reproduction and survival. We assessed the body condition of eastern North Pacific gray whales (Eschrichtius robustus) on their foraging grounds along the Oregon coast, USA, from June to October of three consecutive years (2016–2018). We used drone photogrammetry and applied the body area index (BAI) to measure and compare whale body condition, which is a continuous, unitless metric similar to the body mass index in humans. A total of 289 drone flights were carried out over 106 photo‐identified whales, which were grouped into demographic units by sex, maturity, and female reproductive status. Calves and pregnant females displayed the highest BAIs, followed by resting females, mature males, and, finally, lactating females, reflecting the significant energetic demands on reproductive females. In all three years, gray whale body condition improved with the progression of feeding seasons, demonstrating the accumulation of body energy reserves on the foraging grounds. Yet, body condition was significantly better in 2016 than in 2017 and 2018 when overall body depletion was observed, indicating a difference in prey availability and/or quality between years. We analyzed local upwelling patterns between 2013 and 2018 as an oceanographic proxy for prey and determined significantly greater upwelling between 2013 and 2015 than low upwelling years between 2016 and 2018. We hypothesize that these upwelling patterns created ecosystem shifts in primary productivity and zooplankton prey of gray whales, causing carry‐over effects between foraging success and body condition in subsequent years. This study demonstrates the value of monitoring whale body condition to better understand temporal variation in foraging success, and potentially detect and describe the causes of anomalous changes in whale population health, such as the 2019 gray whale mortality event

FATORES DE RISCO E PROTEÇÃO AO USO E ABUSO DE ÁLCOOL E OUTRAS DROGAS SEGUNDO ADOLESCENTES DE UMA ESCOLA DE MANAUS

O uso de drogas apresenta-se como um problema de saúde pública de amplo impacto, associado à situação de vulnerabilidade individual e social e seu uso por adolescentes e jovens tornou-se um grave problema social no contexto escolar. Considerando esse contexto, o objetivo do presente artigo foi analisar de que forma os alunos de uma escola estadual de Manaus compreendem ser fatores de risco e proteção ao uso de álcool e outras drogas. Metodologicamente, trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa e foi realizada em uma escola estadual de Manaus. Participaram seis estudantes, três de cada gênero/sexo que foram submetidos a uma entrevista semiestruturada e os resultados foram analisados a partir da Análise de Conteúdo. Os resultados mostraram seis categorias: 1) Casa e a abertura em falar sobre as drogas; 2) Principal fonte de informação sobre as drogas; 3) Conhecimento sobre os efeitos das drogas; 4) Membro da família e problemas com drogas; 5) Contato com as drogas; 6) Eventos ou projetos educativos sobre o uso de drogas na escola, que discutem que o principal fator de risco segundo os adolescentes entrevistados foram as relações com os pares na escola e na comunidade, e como fatores de proteção, emergiram a família e os programas de prevenção ao uso de drogas na escola. As principais fontes de informação sobre drogas para os adolescentes foram as mídias e relatou-se abertura familiar para se dialogar sobre drogas em casa e também se percebeu modificações e reorganizações familiares devido o uso e abuso de drogas. Palavras-chave: Adolescência; Drogas; Fator de risco; Fator de proteção; Uso de drogas na escola