Heritage and new communication technologies: development perspectives on the basis of the Via Francigena experience

Tourism market trends are changing in relation to new communication technology dynamics, thus, web tourism 4.0 is providing new tools and new marketing approaches for Destination Management and Destination Marketing. In this scenario, slow tourism, with its multiple tourist offer, is oriented to a pro-sumer approach, based on strategic communication marketing. This paper wants to propose some marketing perspectives for walking itineraries, such as the Via Francigena, on the basis of video marketing tools and, in particular, by taking advantage the positive effects of cinetourism on the local tourism systems. The descriptive methodology of research analyse, firstly, the potential of new technologies for slow tourism; then, the Via Francigena, as a world-famous slow travel product, in terms of both a real and virtual experience. A recent pilgrimage experience on the Via Francigena is also described by emphasising its video marketing elements. Finally, some reflections on the role of communication strategies for tourism opens new hypothetical perspectives for cinetourism as a relevant Destination Management vision towards some slow tourism products

The Knowledge of Leaders About Basic Cooperative Principles as a Key Factor for Agricultural Cooperatives Business Performances’ in Horo Guduru Wollega Zone, Ethiopia

The main objective of this study is ‘to examine the knowledge of leaders about basic cooperative principles as a key factor for Agricultural cooperatives business performances’. The study covers 96 cooperative leaders and 192 individual members of cooperatives selected from 96 primary agricultural cooperatives. The study employed both quantitative and qualitative research approach to answer the research question. The data related the study was collected with the help of survey questionnaire, key informant interview and focus group discussion from the study participants. The pertinent data collected were analyzed with the help of descriptive statistics and inferential model called multiple regression models. Accordingly, the 16 basic cooperative principles have significant impact on the business performances of agricultural cooperatives at 0.05 significance level. So, the government and other community development partners should arrange continuous trainings on cooperative principles and its roles on business practicesto cooperative leaders to improve the effectiveness of Leadership in enhancing business performance of cooperatives, and leaders of cooperatives need to focus on basic cooperatives principles as key factor for success of business practices of the cooperatives. These actions will ensure the survival, productivity, improved living standard of the cooperatives members, competitiveness, and prosperity of cooperatives businesses. Keywords: business performance, board of directors, cooperatives, cooperative principles, leadership, members, multiple regressions DOI: 10.7176/JAAS/60-03 Publication date: January 31st 202

A new model for the 'Tourism Renaissance: the Case study of the Tuscan village of San Pellegrino in Alpe

In the contemporary age of big data and sharing intelligence, tourism market has constantly changing scenario thanks to the unceasing communication technologies’ revolution. According to this growth perspective, cultural heritage tourism is increasing his offer quality standards, by giving evidence of its social and territorial identity value. In light of this, the research is focused on the study of hospitality places located along the Vie ROMEE maiores (Via Francigena, Via Romea Strata and Via Romea Germanica), the most famous slow tourism product in Italy, that has recently been promoted in such original ways. In particular, the paper describes the touristic system of San Pellegrino in Alpe, a village located on the Tuscan and Emilian Via Francigena route, with the final aim to suggest a touristic renovation model in light of the current Covid-19 changing scenario. Therefore, the research study shows how local stakeholders are able to foster territorial promotion activities, both for residents and for tourists, in order to empower local tourism system and local community awareness. In this context, the new marketing tools for virtual tourism, videomaking and crowdfunding play a strategic role for local tourism development; especially when they are used by stakeholders, such as Film Commissions and small local museums to assure a better quality of life in sustainable tourism destinations

The Via Francigena as a tourist product for local development: the case of Lucca and its province

The European programmes and the local policies toward the valorization of Via Francigena have been always promoting a general diffusion of cultural heritage, both at scientific level (through numerous archeological, historical and geographic publications) and at tourist level (through specific tourist guides and the information technology communication). After a concise overview of the tourist’s features involved in this type of tourism, of this heritage usage methods and of the effort in collecting data concerning the tourists just as pilgrims, the present work has the aim to examine the level of popularity of the Via Francigena in the area of Lucca and find a possible more suitable way of promotion. This research study has been carried out through a survey involving both tourists and residents focusing on the religious or tourist relevance of the path, the advertisement efficacy and the degree of Internet use. The surrey has been carried out in different periods, between May and July 2014 in order to better understand the impact of an important event in Lucca concerning the official opening ceremony of the trail in the Province of Lucca. A particular interest has been given to the community involvement in the process of a more tourist development of the Francigena path, as a mean to highlight and capitalize also other resources and specificities of the area. The survey addressed to the residents in Lucca let us understand the perception level of Via Francigena as a resource and at what extent the community can be involved in boosting it as a tourist product for an image coming back and an economic upturn of Lucca and it’s Province

The Importance of Place Names in the Sustainable Tourist Development of the Inland Areas of Tuscany : Toponyms along the Via Francigena

The study of place names, through appropriate both linguistic and geographical tools (topographic I.G.M. maps; Environmental Information System of Regione Toscana, etc.) makes come up hidden identities in geographical areas that can be exploited because of their cultural heritage or their landscape. Sometimes the discovery of old linguistic remains is essential to understand the meaning and the role of places and of buildings linked to a past living of some ethnic groups who unconsciously let somewhere their marks. The Italian Peninsula is rich in particular place names, due to the passage of people both from the North and from the Mediterranean Sea in different periods and for different purposes. In Tuscany, too, some areas do exist which have a cultural heritage depending on ancestral presences that can be still revealed: the study of toponyms, in fact, is an effective way to understand the origins and the role of places, the interaction between man and the territories where he lived, the historical and geographical changes. Toponyms are able to let us understand the identity and the uniqueness of a place, reveal us the sense of place and build a cultural base in order to make local institutions awere of it, bringing them to apply for a valorization of economically weak regions. In particular we will deal with the path of Via Francigena in Tuscany, between Lunigiana and Val d’Orcia, where we find some economic important areas since their origins, rich in resources and cultural quality; some other ones considered “minor” but vital enough thanks to the new rural policy; and, at last, some other marginal areas

The Experience-Oriented Tourism in Tuscan Rural Areas

Despite the present scenario of general economic uncertainty, Tuscan rural spaces are still appealing to tourists from Italy and abroad. The changes which took place in the early 1990’s are still evolving in these rural places, where farmers are adapting their supply to the demand of this changing market. In fact, nowadays, there still is a tourist demand for an old-style holiday in rural spaces which is based on the attraction towards natural places and genuine food, while a demand for a more stunning lamorous-style holiday is increasing. The widespread presence of farms involved in tourism is sizable, with more than 4,000 farms (and about 52,000 beds) recorded in 2011, which were dispersed around places with valued cultural landscape and places with valued cultural landscape and linked to apreciated and certified products which in some areas are the pivotal resources. Rethinking rural tourism and agritourism through a wider range of integrated and customized services and looking at rural areas from a different perspective represent two important strategies in order to implement the experience-oriented tourism in the countryside too

A New Model for the ‘Tourism Renaissance’: the Case Study of the Tuscan Village of San Pellegrino in Alpe

In the contemporary age of big data and sharing intelligence, tourism market has constantly changing scenario thanks to the unceasing communication technologies’ revolution. According to this growth perspective, cultural heritage tourism is increasing his offer quality standards, by giving evidence of its social and territorial identity value. In light of this, the research is focused on the study of hospitality places located along the Vie ROMEE maiores (Via Francigena, Via Romea Strata and Via Romea Germanica), the most famous slow tourism product in Italy, that has recently been promoted in such original ways. In particular, the paper describes the touristic system of San Pellegrino in Alpe, a village located on the Tuscan and Emilian Via Francigena route, with the final aim to suggest a touristic renovation model in light of the current Covid-19 changing scenario. Therefore, the research study shows how local stakeholders are able to foster territorial promotion activities, both for residents and for tourists, in order to empower local tourism system and local community awareness. In this context, the new marketing tools for virtual tourism, videomaking and crowdfunding play a strategic role for local tourism development; especially when they are used by stakeholders, such as Film Commissions and small local museums to assure a better quality of life in sustainable tourism destinations

Sôbre as causas de insucesso na obtenção do líqüido cefalorraqueano cisternal e lombar

Os autores, depois de rápidas considerações gerais, analisam as diversas circunstâncias que podem prejudicar a livre obtenção do líqüido cefalorraqueano. Mostraram que, mesmo em condições técnicas satisfatórias, a colheita do líqüido cefalorraqueano por punção lombar ou suboccipital pode ser difícil ou mesmo impossível, em virtude de alterações anatômicas ou patológicas nesses níveis. Citam, em seguida, as alterações patológicas consistentes era: calcificação do ligamento amarelo, desvios da coluna vertebral, bloqueios acima do nível de punção, hipotensão grave do líqüido cefalorraqueano, grande aumento da densidade do líquor, tumores ao nível do local de punção ou de outros níveis, agindo indiretamente por deslocamentos da massa nervosa, edema agudo do encéfalo, hidrocefalia, processos reacionais meníngeos pós-inflamatórios, abscessos espinhais epidurais e hematomas epidurais lombo-sacros nos recém-nascidos. Os autores sugerem que a punção branca pode constituir, não só um elemento positivo no diagnóstico clínico, como, também, um sinal de alerta para quem punciona no sentido de evitar riscos para o paciente.Escola Paulista de MedicinaUNIFESP, EPMSciEL

Crowdfunding in the accommodation realm and pandemic times: The resilient case of CleanBnB

Crowdfunding campaigns have recently promoted a range of new business models in different contexts. This study investigates crowdfunding in the accommodation realm from a socio-cultural perspective and across its international dynamics. Drawing on complexity theory, the study explores the successful case of CleanBnb, the leading crowdfunded company in the Italian short-term rental market, and informs hospitality actors on the coping strategies implemented to challenge the Covid-19 pandemic. The study adopts a case study approach, combining primary data collected through an in-depth interview of the CEO and the analysis of secondary data from different company reports. The results highlight the importance of (1) business diversification, (2) grouping opportunities and (3) widening of service range as key factors in pandemic business survival for start-ups operating in the accommodation realm. The study finally discusses post-pandemic scenarios for both the traditional hotel industry and sharing economy operators by offering managerial insight

Living conditions, conflict and class consciousness of horticulturists from Gran La Plata, 1940-2003

A partir del caso de los productores de hortalizas del Gran La Plata, este artículo se propone dar cuenta de la complejidad que envuelven, según la teoría marxista, los procesos de toma de conciencia, de develamiento del verdadero funcionamiento de las relaciones sociales en el capital, en las diferentes clases sociales. Presenta el contraste existente entre las condiciones de vida y de trabajo de los sujetos y la conciencia de esa situación, expresada a través del conflicto, intentando explicar si, a pesar de ser clases diferentes con respecto al capital, pueden ser homologadas en su conciencia.From the case of horticulturists from Gran La Plata, this paper aims to account for the complexity involving, according to Marxist theory, the processes of awareness, of unveiling the real functioning of social relations in capital in different social classes. Presents the contrast between the conditions of life and work of individuals and the awareness of this situation, expressed through conflict, trying to explain whether, despite being different classes with respect to capital, may be approved in their consciousness.Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educació