2,466 research outputs found
Researching creatively with pupils in Assessment for Learning (AfL) classrooms on experiences of participation and consultation
This paper reports on an ESRC TLRP project, Consulting Pupils on the Assessment of their Learning (CPAL). The CPAL project provides an additional theoretical perspective to the ‘educational benefits’ perspective of engaging pupil voice in learning and teaching (Rudduck et al., 2003) through its exploration of pupil rights specifically in relation to assessment issues presently on the policy agenda in the Northern Ireland context – notably Assessment for Learning (AfL). An emergent framework for assessing pupil rights, based on Article 12 of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (Lundy, 2007), is being used to explore the ways in which AfL classroom practice creates the conditions for increased pupil participation and consultation. Pupil views on their AfL classroom experiences and participation are explored by means of a variety of pupil-centred, creative research methods that engage and stimulate pupils to observe, communicate and analyse their learning and assessment experiences and give meaning to them. This presentation highlights preliminary data based on a sample of 11-14 years pupils' experiences of participation and consultation in classrooms adopting AfL pedagogical principles, and identifies characteristics that support or inhibit pupil participation in their learning and the expression of their views about such matters
Polarization Diffusion from Spacetime Uncertainty
A model of Lorentz invariant random fluctuations in photon polarization is
presented. The effects are frequency dependent and affect the polarization of
photons as they propagate through space. We test for this effect by confronting
the model with the latest measurements of polarization of Cosmic Microwave
Background (CMB) photons.Comment: 4 pages, 1 figur
A systematic review and meta-analysis of biomechanical and clinical effects of valgus knee bracing
Analysis of the giant genomes of Fritillaria (Liliaceae) indicates that a lack of DNA removal characterizes extreme expansions in genome size.
This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.Plants exhibit an extraordinary range of genome sizes, varying by > 2000-fold between the smallest and largest recorded values. In the absence of polyploidy, changes in the amount of repetitive DNA (transposable elements and tandem repeats) are primarily responsible for genome size differences between species. However, there is ongoing debate regarding the relative importance of amplification of repetitive DNA versus its deletion in governing genome size. Using data from 454 sequencing, we analysed the most repetitive fraction of some of the largest known genomes for diploid plant species, from members of Fritillaria. We revealed that genomic expansion has not resulted from the recent massive amplification of just a handful of repeat families, as shown in species with smaller genomes. Instead, the bulk of these immense genomes is composed of highly heterogeneous, relatively low-abundance repeat-derived DNA, supporting a scenario where amplified repeats continually accumulate due to infrequent DNA removal. Our results indicate that a lack of deletion and low turnover of repetitive DNA are major contributors to the evolution of extremely large genomes and show that their size cannot simply be accounted for by the activity of a small number of high-abundance repeat families.Thiswork was supported by the Natural Environment ResearchCouncil (grant no. NE/G017 24/1), the Czech Science Fou nda-tion (grant no. P501/12/G090), the AVCR (grant no.RVO:60077344) and a Beatriu de Pinos postdoctoral fellowshipto J.P. (grant no. 2011-A-00292; Catalan Government-E.U. 7thF.P.)
Consulting secondary school students on increasing participation in their own assessment in Northern Ireland
The Consulting Pupils on the Assessment of their Learning (CPAL) project comprised three interrelated studies focusing on (1) the development of Annual Pupil profiles in NI in the context of giving pupils ‘a voice’ (Lundy, 2007); (2) students' perceptions of ‘AfL classrooms’; and (3) teachers' and parents' perceptions of pupils increasing participation in assessment. This paper presents the main findings and educational implications of studies 2 and 3 which consulted pupils at key stage 3 (11-14 years). It identifies teachers', parents' and students' perceptions of the increasing pupil participation in the assessment of their own classroom learning. Preliminary findings of this twenty-one month study, completed at the end of February 2007, were presented in this ECER Children's Rights Network last year (see Leitch et al. 2006). This presentation updates some of the main findings for Key stage 3 pupils. The samples included approximately 200 students and a sample of their parents (n=180) from six post-primary schools in Northern Ireland, as well as 11 teachers of different subjects (i.e. Arts, Maths, English, Geography and Science). All teachers were engaged in an in-service course to help them embed Assessment for Learning (AfL) - a pedagogical approach that emphasizes the use of formative assessment to help students take control of their own learning by being aware of where they are, ‘where they need to go to improve, and how best to get there’ (Gardner, 2006). It establishes that, where principles of AfL are embedded in practice, pupils can experience high levels of participation in their learning and assessment. However, the relationship between consultation and participation requires further clarification and there is a need is to promote greater consistency amongst teachers in understanding what consultation means from a rights-based perspective
Application of a Self-Similar Pressure Profile to Sunyaev-Zel'dovich Effect Data from Galaxy Clusters
We investigate the utility of a new, self-similar pressure profile for
fitting Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (SZ) effect observations of galaxy clusters. Current
SZ imaging instruments - such as the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich Array (SZA) - are
capable of probing clusters over a large range in physical scale. A model is
therefore required that can accurately describe a cluster's pressure profile
over a broad range of radii, from the core of the cluster out to a significant
fraction of the virial radius. In the analysis presented here, we fit a radial
pressure profile derived from simulations and detailed X-ray analysis of
relaxed clusters to SZA observations of three clusters with exceptionally high
quality X-ray data: A1835, A1914, and CL J1226.9+3332. From the joint analysis
of the SZ and X-ray data, we derive physical properties such as gas mass, total
mass, gas fraction and the intrinsic, integrated Compton y-parameter. We find
that parameters derived from the joint fit to the SZ and X-ray data agree well
with a detailed, independent X-ray-only analysis of the same clusters. In
particular, we find that, when combined with X-ray imaging data, this new
pressure profile yields an independent electron radial temperature profile that
is in good agreement with spectroscopic X-ray measurements.Comment: 28 pages, 6 figures, accepted by ApJ for publication (probably April
2009
A life cycle stakeholder management framework for enhanced collaboration between stakeholders with competing interests
This is a postprint version of the Book Chapter. Information regarding the official publication is available from the link below - Copyright @ 2011 SpringerImplementation of a Life Cycle Sustainability Management (LCSM) strategy can involve significant challenges because of competing or conflicting objectives between stakeholders. These differences may, if not identified and managed, hinder successful adoption of sustainability initiatives. This article proposes a conceptual framework for stakeholder management in a LCSM context. The framework identifies the key sustainability stakeholder groups and suggests strategic ambiguity as a management tool to harness dysfunctional conflict into constructive collaboration. The framework is of practical value as it can be used as a guideline by managers who wish to improve collaboration with stakeholders along the supply chain. The article also fills a gap in the academic literature where there is only limited research on sustainability stakeholder management through strategic ambiguity
Rapidity Distributions of Dileptons from a Hadronizing Quark-Gluon Plasma
It has been predicted that dilepton production may be used as a quark-gluon
plasma probe. We calculate the rapidity distributions of thermal dileptons
produced by an evolving quark-gluon plasma assuming a longitudinal scaling
expansion with initial conditions locally determined from the hadronic rapidity
density. These distributions are compared with Drell-Yan production and
semileptonic charm decays at invariant mass , 4, and 6 GeV.Comment: 17 pages (standard LaTeX), 6 figures (available as topdraw files or
printed versions upon request), GSI-93-6
Differential Dynamics of Transposable Elements during Long-Term Diploidization of Nicotiana Section Repandae (Solanaceae) Allopolyploid Genomes
PubMed ID: 23185607This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited
The nature of intraspecific and interspecific genome size variation in taxonomically complex eyebrights
Background and aims: Genome size varies considerably across the diversity of plant life. Although genome size is, by definition, affected by genetic presence/absence variants, which are ubiquitous in population sequencing studies, genome size is often treated as an intrinsic property of a species. Here, we studied intra- and interspecific
genome size variation in taxonomically complex British eyebrights (Euphrasia, Orobanchaceae). Our aim is to document genome size diversity and investigate underlying evolutionary processes shaping variation between individuals, populations and species.
Methods: We generated genome size data for 192 individuals of diploid and tetraploid Euphrasia and analysed genome size variation in relation to ploidy, taxonomy, population affiliation and geography. We further compared the genomic repeat content of 30 samples.
Key results: We found considerable intraspecific genome size variation, and observed isolation-by-distance for genome size in outcrossing diploids. Tetraploid Euphrasia showed contrasting patterns, with genome size increasing with latitude in outcrossing Euphrasia arctica, but with little genome size variation in the highly selfing Euphrasia micrantha. Interspecific differences in genome size and the genomic proportions of repeat sequences were small.
Conclusions: We show the utility of treating genome size as the outcome of polygenic variation. Like other types of genetic variation, such as single nucleotide polymorphisms, genome size variation may be affected by ongoing hybridization and the extent of population subdivision. In addition to selection on associated traits, genome size is predicted to be affected indirectly by selection due to pleiotropy of the underlying presence/absence variants.A.D.T. is supported by NERC research grants NE/L011336/1 and NE/N006739/1. The Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh (RBGE) is supported by the Scottish Government’s Rural and Environment Science and Analytical Services Division. J.P. is supported by a Ramón y Cajal Fellowship (RYC-2017–2274) funded by the Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnología (Gobierno de España).Issue Cover
Volume 128Issue 5
8 October 2021
Article Contents
Abstract
INTRODUCTION
METHODS
The study system
Population and species-level genome size variation
Population sampling
Genome size measurements
Repeat content variation
Sequence data generation
Repeat content
Statistical analyses
Data availability
RESULTS
Population and species-level genome size variation
Variation in genomic repeat content
DISCUSSION
Genome size variation mirrors population genetic patterns
Genome size differences and genomic repeats
Evolution of genome size variation
SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
FUNDING
LITERATURE CITED
Supplementary dat
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