Enlargement of A Local Group To A Group

Local lie groups are introduced by Cartan [1]. Local groups are local lie groups without topologically property. The aim of this paper is to find conditions that a  local group is contained in  a group .  It is showed  in the example 3.2 that  every  local groups is not gllobaly associative . Then it may not be extended to a group.&nbsp

Solving the Social Dilemma with Equilibrium Data Harvesting Strategies: A Game-Theoretic Approach

Social media platforms generate huge profits from targeted advertising by collecting massive amounts of data from their users, usually referred to as data harvesting. However, practitioners from the social media industry suggest that data harvesting hurts users by promoting social media addiction and the spread of misinformation. Therefore, policymakers have recently been considering regulating social media platforms. This paper investigates how imposing the regulation on data harvesting impacts social media platforms and users by developing a game-theoretic model. Our main finding shows that while the objective of the regulation on data harvesting is to discourage platforms from collecting a massive amount of data from the users, imposing the regulation may sometimes increase the data harvesting levels and profits of social media platforms. We contribute to the Information Systems literature by broadening the knowledge of the impact of the government\u27s regulation on social media platforms and users

Preparation and evaluation of clove oil in emu oil self-emulsion for hair conditioning and hair loss prevention

Introduction: From a consumer perspective, developing a hair care formulation that offers multi-purpose products to enhance routine hair care such as conditioning, cleaning and grooming hair and stimulating hair follicles is important. Eugenol comprising about 70 of clove essential oil shows an androgenic activity and stimulates hair root to feed and hence could be a good candidate for developing an anti-hair loss formulation. Thus in hair research, hair follicle is of great interest. The aim of this study was to develop a self-emulsifying product containing eugenol in emu oil as a carrier.Methods: Eugenol was identified in clove oil extraction by UV spectrophotometer. Emu oil was characterized according to national oil standards. All formulations were prepared and best one was selected for further pharmaceutical examinations such as pH, particle size, content uniformity and drug release. The optimum formulation was clinically evaluated on rats back compared with minoxidil standard lotion as a positive control and distilled water as a negative control.Results: The selected formulation was demonstrated to condition hair with grooming and enhanced hair growth with longer lag time compared with minoxidil but after one week the hair growth accelerated.Conclusion: The formulation containing clove oil in emu oil self-emulsion shows a conditioning and grooming property with hair shaft repair and hair growth

Analyst forecast accuracy and earnings management

This paper investigates the reciprocal or endogenous relationship between earnings management and analyst forecast accuracy. Earnings number is one of the most referred information especially in relation to investment decision-making. Financial analysts use earnings number and its trend in coming up with their forecast. The quality of earnings reported hence may affect the accuracy of forecast made by analysts. Quality of reported earnings is often indicated by earnings management. One of the motivations to manage earnings is to meet or beat analyst forecasts. If analysts failed to account for earnings management, it is possible that earnings manipulation in the previous year may mislead analysts and affect forecast accuracy for current and/or future years. Thus, relationship between earnings management and forecast accuracy could be endogenous or reciprocal, where managers react upon analysts’ forecasts and analysts use reported earnings to make forecast. Previous research on this area assume earnings management and forecast accuracy as exogenous variables. This study on the other hand incorporates the reciprocal relationship between analyst forecast accuracy and earnings management in examining whether analysts can detect earnings management. The relationship between earnings management and analyst forecast accuracy of 110 firms listed on Main board of Bursa Malaysia from 2007 to 2012 is analyzed using dynamic panel system Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) estimator. The year 2007 to 2012 is chosen because this represents the period of convergence from MASB to MFRS. Result indicates that meeting or beating the forecast is one of the incentives for earnings management although not a strong incentive. On the other hand, earnings management significantly influence forecast accuracy, indicating that somehow, analysts trust the reported earnings. This study adds to the literature by addressing the possible endogenous and dynamic relationship between earnings management and analyst forecast accuracy

The Analysis of the Relationship between the Theoretical Knowledge of Translators and Their Practical Translation Skills: An Evaluation of Graduate Translation Courses

The present study, in the first place, attempted to examine the relationship between the theoretical knowledge of translation and practical translation skills in Iranian translators. For this purpose, 35 M.A students both males and females studying English translation were selected in Mashhad Ferdowsi University in Iran. In order to collect data two tests were applied: one made up of questions selected from the Ph.D and M.A entrance exams together with a test of actual translation from Persian to English and the reverse. Data analysis and statistical calculations through T-TEST, one way ANOVA and Pearson Correlation revealed that participants’ theoretical knowledge does not displays a significant correlation with their scores in the English to Persian practical exams, while there is a positive relationship between participants’ scores in the theoretical exams and their Persian to English translation. Also it was found that participants’ experimental experiences in translation have a significant effect on their English to Persian translation

The Analysis of the Relationship between the Theoretical Knowledge of Translators and Their Practical Translation Skills: An Evaluation of Graduate Translation Courses

The present study, in the first place, attempted to examine the relationship between the theoretical knowledge of translation and practical translation skills in Iranian translators. For this purpose, 35 M.A students both males and females studying English translation were selected in Mashhad Ferdowsi University in Iran. In order to collect data two tests were applied: one made up of questions selected from the Ph.D and M.A entrance exams together with a test of actual translation from Persian to English and the reverse. Data analysis and statistical calculations through T-TEST, one way ANOVA and Pearson Correlation revealed that participants’ theoretical knowledge does not displays a significant correlation with their scores in the English to Persian practical exams, while there is a positive relationship between participants’ scores in the theoretical exams and their Persian to English translation. Also it was found that participants’ experimental experiences in translation have a significant effect on their English to Persian translation

The Analysis of the Relationship between the Theoretical Knowledge of Translators and Their Practical Translation Skills: An Evaluation of Graduate Translation Courses

The present study, in the first place, attempted to examine the relationship between the theoretical knowledge of translation and practical translation skills in Iranian translators. For this purpose, 35 M.A students both males and females studying English translation were selected in Mashhad Ferdowsi University in Iran. In order to collect data two tests were applied: one made up of questions selected from the Ph.D and M.A entrance exams together with a test of actual translation from Persian to English and the reverse. Data analysis and statistical calculations through T-TEST, one way ANOVA and Pearson Correlation revealed that participants’ theoretical knowledge does not displays a significant correlation with their scores in the English to Persian practical exams, while there is a positive relationship between participants’ scores in the theoretical exams and their Persian to English translation. Also it was found that participants’ experimental experiences in translation have a significant effect on their English to Persian translation

The Impacts of Hinged and Solid Ankle-Foot Orthoses on Standing and Walking in Children with Spastic Diplegia

How to Cite This Article: Dalvand H, Dehghan L, Feizi A, Hosseini SA, Amirsalari S. Iran J Child Neurol. 2013 Autumn; 7(4):12-19.AbstractObjective The purpose of this study was to examine the impacts of hinged and solid anklefoot orthoses (AFOs) on standing and walking abilities in children with spastic diplegia.Materials & MethodsIn a quasi-experimental design, 30 children with spastic diplegia, aged 4-6 years were recruited. They were matched in terms of age, IQ, and level of GMFCS E&R. Children were randomly assigned into 3 groups: a hinged AFO group (n=10) plus occupational therapy (OT), a solid AFO group (n=10) plus OT, a control group who used only OT for three months. Gross motor abilities weremeasured using Gross Motor Measure Function (GMFM).ResultsWe obtained statistically significant differences in the values between baseline and after treatment in all groups. The groups were also significantly different in total GMFM after intervention. Furthermore, there were differences between hinged AFOs and solid AFOs groups, and between hinged AFOs and control groups.ConclusionWe concluded that gross motor function was improved in all groups; however, hinged AFOs group appears to improve the gross motor function better than solid AFOs and control groups.ReferencesMiller F. Cerebral palsy. 1st ed. New York: Springer Science & Business Media; 2005.Wren TL, Rethlefsen S, Kay RM. Prevalence of specific gait abnormalities in children with cerebral palsy: Influence of cerebral palsy subtype, age, and previous surgery. J Pediat Orthoped 2005;25(1):79-83.Knutosn L, Clark D. Orthotic devices for ambulation in children with cerebral palsy and myelomeningocele. Phys Ther 1991;71:947-60.Figueiredo EM, Ferreira GB, Maia Moreira RC, Kirkwood R, Fetters L. Efficacy of Ankle-Foot Orthoses on Gait of Children with Cerebral Palsy: Systematic Review of Literature. Pediat Phys Ther 2008; 20(3):207-23.Brehm MA, Harlaar J, Schwartz M. 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