The mission events graphic generator software: A small tool with big results

Utilization of graphics has long been a useful methodology for many aspects of spacecraft operations. A personal computer based software tool that implements straight-forward graphics and greatly enhances spacecraft operations is presented. This unique software tool is the Mission Events Graphic Generator (MEGG) software which is used in support of the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) Project. MEGG reads the HST mission schedule and generates a graphical timeline

Biological aspects of the leafminer Liriomyza sativae (Diptera: Agromyzidae) on melon (Cucumis melo L.)

A mosca-minadora Liriomyza sativae Blanchard é uma praga importante em cultivos de meloeiro (Cucumis melo L.) no Brasil. No entanto, as suas informações sobre biologia, em meloeiro, são escassas. Portanto, o objetivo deste trabalho foi conhecer alguns aspectos biológicos dessa praga, criada em plantas de meloeiro, em condições de laboratório a 25°C. As informações obtidas mostram que o ciclo biológico de L. sativae é de 15,9±0,04 dias (ovo-adulto), sendo: ovo (2,7±0,01 dias), larva (4,1±0,03 dias) e pupa (9,1±0,03 dias). A razão sexual é de 0,51 e as fêmeas vivem mais tempo (19,3±1,09 dias) que os machos (16,2±0,96 dias). Essas informações podem auxiliar na adoção de medidas de manejo integrado de L. sativae em cultivos de meloeiro e melhorar os sistemas de criação da mosca minadora em laboratório.The leafminer Liriomyza sativae Blanchard is an important insect pest on melon crops in Brazil. However, the information about its biology on melon (Cucumis melo L.) is scarce. Therefore, the aim of this research was to know some biological aspects of this pest, reared on melon plants, under laboratory conditions at 25°C. Our results showed that the biological cycle of L. sativae lasts 15.9±0.04 days (egg-adult), namely: egg (2.7±0.01 days), larva (4.1±0.03 days) and pupa (9.1±0.03 days). The sex ratio is 0.51 and the females live (19.3±1.09 days) longer than males (16.2±0.96 days). These results can help in the integrated management of L. sativae on melon crops and improve the systems for rearing this leafminer in laboratory.Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido (UFERSA) Departamento de Ciências VegetaisUniversidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias (FCAV)Universidade Federal de Lavras (UFLA) Departamento de EntomologiaUniversidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias (FCAV

Pharmacokinetics and transcriptional effects of the anti-salmon lice drug emamectin benzoate in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.)

Background Emamectin benzoate (EB) is a dominating pharmaceutical drug used for the treatment and control of infections by sea lice (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) on Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L). Fish with an initial mean weight of 132 g were experimentally medicated by a standard seven-day EB treatment, and the concentrations of drug in liver, muscle and skin were examined. To investigate how EB affects Atlantic salmon transcription in liver, tissues were assessed by microarray and qPCR at 7, 14 and 35 days after the initiation of medication. Results The pharmacokinetic examination revealed highest EB concentrations in all three tissues at day 14, seven days after the end of the medication period. Only modest effects were seen on the transcriptional levels in liver, with small fold-change alterations in transcription throughout the experimental period. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) indicated that EB treatment induced oxidative stress at day 7 and inflammation at day 14. The qPCR examinations showed that medication by EB significantly increased the transcription of both HSP70 and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) in liver during a period of 35 days, compared to un-treated fish, possibly via activation of enzymes involved in phase II conjugation of metabolism in the liver. Conclusion This study has shown that a standard seven-day EB treatment has only a modest effect on the transcription of genes in liver of Atlantic salmon. Based on GSEA, the medication seems to have produced a temporary oxidative stress response that might have affected protein stability and folding, followed by a secondary inflammatory response.publishedVersio

Leafminer Control on Carrot with Trigard, Winter, 1982-83

Abstract ‘Pak Mor’ carrots were planted 15 Nov. in Montverde muck on a commercial vegetable farm in Zellwood, Fl. The carrots were planted in two, four-row bands (each band was 4-in wide), 10-in apart on raised beds on 48-in centers. Because there were two bands per bed, spraying was based on 24-in centers. A plot consisted of 15 ft of one bed. Plots were separated by one unsprayed bed. Treatments were replicated four times in a randomized complete block design. Sprays were applied as a band over the top of each band of carrots at 40 lb/in2 and 2 mph. The volume of spray for the first and second applications was 25 and 63 gal/acre, respectively. The volume for the remaining treatments was 50 gal/acre. All rates were applied on 9 Dec. The 0.125 and 0.500 rates were applied again on 15, 22, and 28 Dec. One meter of carrot tops was collected from each of the two bands in each plot on 5 Jan. The samples were maintained at 25 ± 1°C in rearing containers until all the larvae exited the leaves. The rearing container consisted of a 9-in by 12 1/4-in by 4 1/8-in deep clear plastic box, with lid, containing a 1/4-in wire cloth to support the foliage and lined with a paper towel to soak up excess moisture. The puparia were collected and held in pill cups until the adults emerged and died. The number of adults, normal and deformed puparia, unemerged puparia, and parasites were recorded.</jats:p

Budworm Control on Sweet Corn, Spring, 1982

Abstract ‘Goldcup’ sweet corn was planted 26 May in Myakka fine sand on the Univ. of Florida Agric. Res. and Educ. Cent, in Sanford. Nemacur 15G 2 lb (AI)/acre was incorporated at planting time in a 15 in band for nematode control. A plot consisted of two 20-ft rows with 30 in-row spacing and 12 in-plant spacing. Plots were separated by 60 in (two row spacings). Treatments were replicated in four randomized complete blocks separated by 10 ft. weed-free alleys. Sprays were applied with a CO2 pressurized sprayer mounted on an Allis-Chalmers model G tractor. Three nozzles (D3-45) were used per row; one overhead and one drop on each side. The delivery rate was 50 gal/acre with a boom pressure of about 50 lb/in2 and a speed of 3 mph. Baits were broadcasted over-the-top in premeasured amounts wiith a shaker-can. Lannate 1.8L at .45 lb (AI)/acre was applied to the entire experiment (including untreated check) on 11 June, due to a severe infestation of fall armyworm, Spodoptera fruqiperda (J. E. Smith), that threatened the existence of the experiment. Baits were applied 15 and 22 June. Sprays were applied 16 (except Pounce) and 22 June. The effectiveness of the treatments applied on 15 and 16 June is questionable, due to 0.85, 0.24, and 4.0 in of rain on 15, 16, and 17 June, respectively. Applications made on 22 June were not as severely affected by rain; 0.1 and 0.2 in on 23 and 24 June. Damage ratings were taken when the plants were 12 to 18 in tall; the stage considered most susceptible to bud destruction by fall armyworm. Twenty plants (10 in each row) per plot were rated for damage on 25 June as follows: 1, no damage; 2, etching only (evidence of foliar feeding by newly hatched larvae); 3, damage to bud; and 4, bud completely destroyed. Twenty plants (10 in each row) per plot were rated for damage on 28 June as follows: 0, no damage; 1, etching only; 2, light bud damage; 3, severe bud damage; and 4, bud completely destroyed.</jats:p

Insect Control on Sweet Corn, Spring, 1982

Abstract ‘Goldcup’ sweet corn was planted 16 Apr. in Myakka fine sand on the Univ. of Florida Agric. Res. and Educ. Cent, in Sanford. Counter 15G 2 lb (AI)/acre and Lasso 15G 3 lb (AI)/acre were incorporated in 15 in bands at planting time. Pydrin 2.4EC 0.1 lb (AI)/acre was applied to the entire experiment on 5 May to control a severe infestation of fall armyworm which threatened the entire experiment. A plot consisted of four 30 ft rows with 30 in row spacing and 12 in plant spacing, plots were separated by one unsprayed row. Treatments were replicated in five randomized complete blocks separated by 20 ft weed-free alleys. Sprays were applied with a CO2-pressurized sprayer mounted on a Hustler high-clearance tractor. Three nozzles (D2-25) were used per row; one overhead and one drop on each side. The delivery rate was 32 gal/acre with a boom pressure of about 40 lb/in2 and a speed of 3 mph. Applications were made on 13 and 19 May, and 3, 7, 10, and 14 June. Twenty ears were sampled from each plot; 10 from each of the two middle rows. The frequency of the tassels that showed evidence of The frequency of tip, side, and base damage to the ear, and silk bud damage was recorded on 1 June, clipping was recorded on 16 June.</jats:p

Caterpillar Control on Cabbage, Fall 1981

Abstract Cabbage was transplanted 4 Nov. into Myakka fine sand on the Univ. of Florida Agric. Res. and Educ. Cent., Sanford. A plot consisted of one 30-ft row with 12-in. plant spacing. Each plot row was separated by two unplanted rows; row spacing was 30 in. Nemacur 15G 2 lbs (AI)/acre was applied pretransplant in a 15-in. band for nematode control. Treatments were replicated in five randomized complete blocks separated by 25-ft weed-free alleys. Sprays were applied with a CO2 pressurized sprayer mounted on an Allis-Chalmers model G tractor. Three nozzles were used per row; one overhead (TX24) and one drop (TX12) on each side. The delivery rate was 50 gal/acre with a boom pressure of about 50 lb/in2 and a speed of 3 mph. The foliar sprays were applied weekly beginning 11 Dec. and ending 4 Feb. (eight applications). Baits were applied over-the-top in premeasured amounts using a shaker can. Ten plants were rated for damage on the head and first four wrapper leaves in each plot on 9 Feb. using a scale of 1 to 6 (as in Greene et al. 1969 J. Econ. Entomol. 62: 798-800). The percentage of heads that were marketable was based on the frequency of heads with damage ratings of 3 or less. Head weights (avg. of 10 heads per plot) were taken for selected treatments to measure suspected phytotoxicity.</jats:p

Leafminer Control on Celery, Spring, 1981

Abstract Celery was transplanted Apr 15 into Lauderhill muck soil on the University of Florida, Agricultural Research and Education Center’s farm in Zellwood, FL. Treatments were applied to single row plots 15 ft long (36 inch row spacing and 7 inch plant spacing) and replicated 5 times in a randomized complete block design. Blocks were separated by weed-free 10 ft alleys. The sprays were applied with a CO2 pressurized, 2.5 gal, B &amp; G sprayer. SD-52618, Vydate, GS Mixture and the 0.5 and 1.0 rates of Monitor were applied as foliar sprays with a boom and 1 overhead and 2 drop nozzles with D3 orifice plates and #45 cores. The delivery rate was 50 gpa with a boom pressure of about 45 psi and a speed of 3 mph. The 2.0 lb rates of Monitor and Orthene were applied as a 4 inch band to the soil at the base of each side of the celery plant. The delivery rate was 119 gpa using a single nozzle with a D6 orifice plate and #56 core, a boom pressure of about 45 psi and a speed of 3 mph. RH-9358 and CC-11242 granules were applied as a 10 inch band over the top of the celery plants using a calibrated hand-held granular applicator.</jats:p