Intergenerational and economic impacts of a pension reserve fund : the French case.

Retirement; Public Policy; pension reform;

Construction and Impact of a Buffer Fund within the French PAYG Pension Scheme in a Demo-Economic Model

This paper provides some results from a model built in order to study the linked impacts of demography and economy on theFrench pension scheme. The demo-economic model which is used is a neo-cambridgian model with two types of agents in aclosed economy. Since it includes a very thin description of the French pension scheme, one of its main advantage is its lightness while its main originality is to permit a macroeconomic linkage whether with a endogenous growth function or with a exogenous one.

Construction and Impact of a Buffer Fund within the French PAYG Pension Scheme in a Demo-Economic Model

This paper provides some results from a model built in order to study the linked impacts of demography and economy on theFrench pension scheme. The demo-economic model which is used is a neo-cambridgian model with two types of agents in aclosed economy. Since it includes a very thin description of the French pension scheme, one of its main advantage is its lightness while its main originality is to permit a macroeconomic linkage whether with a endogenous growth function or with a exogenous one

Direct numerical simulation of an atomizing biodiesel jet: Impact of fuel properties on atomization characteristics

[EN] The utilization of biodiesel is an effective approach to reduce pollution from internal combustion engines and thus has attracted steadily increasing interest in the recent years. As the viscosity of biodiesel is much higher than that of standard diesel, the atomization characteristics of a biodiesel jet can significantly deviate from those of a standard diesel jet under identical injection conditions. Since atomization of the injected fuel has a strong impact on fuel-air mixing and the following combustion processes, it is important to investigate the atomization of biodiesel and in particular to understand how the fuel properties affect the atomization process and the resulting spray characteristics. In the present study, three-dimensional direct numerical simulations are conducted to investigate atomizing biodiesel and diesel jets. The novel adaptive multiphase solver Basilisk is used for simulations. The statistics of droplets formed in the biodiesel jet is compared to the diesel jet under identical injection conditions.This project has been supported by the ANR MODEMI project (ANR-11-MONU-0011) program. This work was granted access to the HPC resources of TGCC-CURIE under the allocations x20152b7325, x20162b7325 and t20162b7760 made by GENCI. We would also acknowledge support from the Academic and Research Computing Services at the Baylor University.Ling, Y.; Legros, G.; Popinet, S.; Zaleski, S. (2017). Direct numerical simulation of an atomizing biodiesel jet: Impact of fuel properties on atomization characteristics. En Ilass Europe. 28th european conference on Liquid Atomization and Spray Systems. Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València. 370-377. https://doi.org/10.4995/ILASS2017.2017.5035OCS37037

Commerce de l'eau : présentation de principes permettant l'exploitation durable des ressources hydriques du Québec

L’eau est essentielle à tout être vivant, tout écosystème, toute société et toute économie. Les ressources hydriques de la planète sont toutefois limitées et soumises à une pression croissante et d’origines variées. En 2000, les prélèvements d’eau sur la planète étaient évalués à 4 430 km[indice supérieur 3] par année. Si les façons de faire actuelles se poursuivent, les prélèvements globaux sont appelés à croître de 18 % et à se chiffrer à 5 240 km[indice supérieur 3] en 2025. En considérant les sources d’eau qualifiées de fiables et durables, l’efficience actuelle de l’utilisation de l’eau et une croissance annuelle moyenne de l’économie mondiale de 2 % jusqu’en 2030, le déficit en eau pourrait s’élever à 40 % dès 2030. Un nombre grandissant de régions est exposé à cette situation de déficit, qu’on qualifie de stress hydrique. Des solutions existent et se développent mais aucune ne peut à elle seule résoudre la problématique. Par exemple, le dessalement de l’eau de mer offre bien aux villes côtières un accès à un stock d’eau illimité, mais la technologie et les quantités d’énergie requises réduisent son potentiel de déploiement. Pour certaines régions, l’importation d’eau, sous diverses formes, figure alors parmi les options à envisager. Cet essai vise à évaluer le potentiel du Québec d’utiliser ces surplus d’eau, en vue d’en accroître le commerce virtuel, ou même de l’exporter massivement. D’abord, un diagnostic sur l’ampleur globale de l’enjeu est posé et la disponibilité de la ressource québécoise confirmée. La gestion de la ressource au Québec, ces usages et l’historique de projets de commercialisation sont ensuite analysés. Puis, les principes environnementaux, sociaux et économiques encadrant l’exploitation durable des ressources hydriques sont proposés et les éléments à considérer sont présentés et discutés. Cette démarche se conclut avec la proposition d’une feuille de route visant à maximiser l’apport pour les Québécois de l’exploitation durable de leur ressource en eau. La valorisation industrielle de l’eau est privilégiée puisqu’elle semble s’imposer comme le seul débouché à court et à moyen terme. La stratégie avancée en profite toutefois pour établir les fondements d’une exploitation durable qui permettrait, advenant l’émergence de marchés de l’eau à la portée du Québec, d’initier un commerce plus intensif de la ressource

The role of Ovotransferrin in egg-white antimicrobial activity: a review

Eggs are a whole food which affordably support human nutritional requirements worldwide. Eggs strongly resist bacterial infection due to an arsenal of defensive systems, many of which reside in the egg white. However, despite improved control of egg production and distribution, eggs remain a vehicle for foodborne transmission of Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis, which continues to represent a major public health challenge. It is generally accepted that iron deficiency, mediated by the iron-chelating properties of the egg-white protein ovotransferrin, has a key role in inhibiting infection of eggs by Salmonella. Ovotransferrin has an additional antibacterial activity beyond iron-chelation, which appears to depend on direct interaction with the bacterial cell surface, resulting in membrane perturbation. Current understanding of the antibacterial role of ovotransferrin is limited by a failure to fully consider its activity within the natural context of the egg white, where a series relevant environmental factors (such as alkalinity, high viscosity, ionic composition, and egg white protein interactions) may exert significant influence on ovotransferrin activity. This review provides an overview of what is known and what remains to be determined regarding the antimicrobial activity of ovotransferrin in egg white, and thus enhances understanding of egg safety through improved insight of this key antimicrobial component of eggs

Host-pathogen interactome mapping for HTLV-1 and -2 retroviruses

Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) and type 2 both target T lymphocytes, yet induce radically different phenotypic outcomes. HTLV-1 is a causative agent of Adult T-cell leukemia (ATL), whereas HTLV-2, highly similar to HTLV-1, causes no known overt disease. HTLV gene products are engaged in a dynamic struggle of activating and antagonistic interactions with host cells. Investigations focused on one or a few genes have identified several human factors interacting with HTLV viral proteins. Most of the available interaction data concern the highly investigated HTLV-1 Tax protein. Identifying shared and distinct host-pathogen protein interaction profiles for these two viruses would enlighten how they exploit distinctive or common strategies to subvert cellular pathways toward disease progression.Comparative StudyJournal ArticleResearch Support, N.I.H. ExtramuralResearch Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tSCOPUS: ar.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

Pioglitazone together with imatinib in chronic myeloid leukemia: A proof of concept study

BACKGROUND We recently reported that peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor γ agonists target chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) quiescent stem cells in vitro by decreasing transcription of STAT5. Here in the ACTIM phase 2 clinical trial, we asked whether pioglitazone add‐on therapy to imatinib would impact CML residual disease, as assessed by BCR‐ABL1 transcript quantification. METHODS CML patients were eligible if treated with imatinib for at least 2 years at a stable daily dose, having yielded major molecular response (MMR) but not having achieved molecular response 4.5 (MR4.5) defined by BCR‐ABL1/ABL1 IS RNA levels ≤ 0.0032%. After inclusion, patients started pioglitazone at a dosage of 30 to 45 mg/day in addition to imatinib. The primary objective was to evaluate the cumulative incidence of patients having progressed from MMR to MR4.5 over 12 months. RESULTS Twenty‐four patients were included (age range, 24‐79 years). No pharmacological interaction was observed between the drugs. The main adverse events were weight gain in 12 patients and a mean decrease of 0.4 g/dL in hemoglobin concentration. The cumulative incidence of MR4.5 was 56% (95% confidence interval, 37%‐76%) by 12 months, despite a wide range of therapy duration (1.9‐15.5 months), and 88% of 17 evaluable patients who were still on imatinib reached MR4.5 by 48 months. The cumulative incidence of MMR to MR4.5 spontaneous conversions over 12 months was estimated to be 23% with imatinib alone in a parallel cohort of patients. CONCLUSION Pioglitazone in combination with imatinib was well tolerated and yielded a favorable 56% rate. These results provide a proof of concept needing confirmation within a randomized clinical trial (EudraCT 2009‐011675‐79). Cancer 2017;123:1791–1799. © 2016 The Authors. Cancer published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Cancer Society. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited and is not used for commercial purposes