Memory deficits in APP23/Abca1+/− mice correlate with the level of Aβ oligomers

ABCA1, a member of the ATP-binding cassette family of transporters, lipidates ApoE (apolipoprotein A) and is essential for the generation of HDL (high-density lipoprotein)-like particles in the CNS (central nervous system). Lack of Abca1 increases amyloid deposition in several AD (Alzheimer's disease) mouse models. We hypothesized that deletion of only one copy of Abca1 in APP23 (where APP is amyloid precursor protein) AD model mice will aggravate memory deficits in these mice. Using the Morris Water Maze, we demonstrate that 2-year-old Abca1 heterozygous APP23 mice (referred to as APP23/het) have impaired learning during acquisition, and impaired memory retention during the probe trial when compared with age-matched wild-type mice (referred to as APP23/wt). As in our previous studies, the levels of ApoE in APP23/het mice were decreased, but the differences in the levels of Aβ and thioflavin-S-positive plaques between both groups were insignificant. Importantly, dot blot analysis demonstrated that APP23/het mice have a significantly higher level of soluble A11-positive Aβ (amyloid β protein) oligomers compared with APP23/wt which correlated negatively with cognitive performance. To confirm this finding, we performed immunohistochemistry with the A11 antibody, which revealed a significant increase of A11-positive oligomer structures in the CA1 region of hippocampi of APP23/het. This characteristic region-specific pattern of A11 staining was age-dependent and was missing in younger APP23 mice lacking Abca1. In contrast, the levels of Aβ*56, as well as other low-molecular-mass Aβ oligomers, were unchanged among the groups. Overall, the results of the present study demonstrate that in aged APP23 mice memory deficits depend on Abca1 and are likely to be mediated by the amount of Aβ oligomers deposited in the hippocampus

Automation of psychological selection procedures for personnel to specifc activities

Automation of psychological selection procedures for personnel to specifc activities / Ihor Prykhodko, Stanislav Horielyshev, Yanina Matsehora1, Vasiliy Lefterov, Stanislav Larionov, Olena Kravchenko, Maksim Baida1, Olena Halkina, Olena Servachak // Pertanika Journal of Science and Technology. – 2022. – № 30 (1). – Р. 761-776. – DOI: https://doi.org/10.47836/pjst.30.1.41У статті представлена універсальна методика визначення професійної пригодності (ПП) кандидата і алгоритм формування психологічного профілю на конкретну професію на основі визначення психологічного потенціалу особистості. Розроблений метод, заснований на використаних автоматизованих системах підтримки. На основі отриманого значення інтегрального показника приймається рішення про групу ПП даного кандидата. Цей метод адаптується до вимог професій до кандидатів з урахуванням змін умов діяльності шляхом коригування типового психологічного профілю особистості. Розроблений метод визначення ПП кандидата доведено до практичної реалізації у вигляді Автоматизованого психодіагностичного комплексу (АПДК) «Психодіагностика». АПДК апробовано на прикладі психологічних процедур отбору особистого складу для проховання військових служб у підрозділах з правоохоронними функціями. АПДК дозволяє скоротити час і трудозатрати на вивчення психодіагностичних досліджень, підвищує достовірність тестів за більш високих ступенів стандартизації процедур тестування, підвищує точність оцінки психологічних характеристик, знижує ймовірність помилок при обробці тестів. полученные результати. АПДК може використовуватися для рекрутингу в різних галузях економіки, освіти та військової сфери.The article presents a universal method for determining the professional suitability (PS) of a candidate and an algorithm for forming a psychological profle for a specifc profession based on determining the psychological potential of personality. The developed method is based on the use of automated support systems. Based on the obtained value of the integral indicator, a decision is made on the PS group of this candidate. This method adapts to the requirements of the profession to candidates, taking into account changes in the conditions of activity by adjusting the typical psychological profle of the personality. The developed method for determining a candidate’s PS has been brought to practical implementation in the form of an Automated Psychodiagnostic Complex (APDC) “Psychodiagnostics.” APDC has been tested on the example of the psychological selection procedures of personnel for military service in units with law enforcement functions. APDС allows to reduce the time and labor costs for conducting psychodiagnostic studies, increases the reliability of tests due to a higher degree of standardization of the testing procedure, increases the accuracy of assessing psychological characteristics, and reduces the likelihood of errors in the processing of test results. APDС can be used for recruiting in various sectors of the economy, education, and military sphere.В статье представлена универсальная методика определения профессиональной пригодности (ПП) кандидата и алгоритм формирования психологического профиля на конкретную профессию на основе определения психологического потенциала личности. Разработанный метод основан на использовании автоматизированных систем поддержки. На основании полученного значения интегрального показателя принимается решение о группе ПП данного кандидата. Этот метод адаптируется к требованиям профессии к кандидатам с учетом изменения условий деятельности путем корректировки типового психологического профиля личности. Разработанный метод определения ПП кандидата доведен до практической реализации в виде Автоматизированного психодиагностического комплекса (АПДК) «Психодиагностика». АПДК апробировано на примере психологических процедур отбора личного состава для прохождения воинской службы в подразделениях с правоохранительными функциями. АПДК позволяет сократить время и трудозатраты на проведение психодиагностических исследований, повышает достоверность тестов за счет более высокой степени стандартизации процедуры тестирования, повышает точность оценки психологических характеристик, снижает вероятность ошибок при обработке тестов. полученные результаты. АПДК может использоваться для рекрутинга в различных отраслях экономики, образования и военной сферы

Minimal information for studies of extracellular vesicles (MISEV2023): From basic to advanced approaches

© 2024 The Authors. Journal of Extracellular Vesicles, published by Wiley Periodicals, LLC on behalf of the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY), https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Extracellular vesicles (EVs), through their complex cargo, can reflect the state of their cell of origin and change the functions and phenotypes of other cells. These features indicate strong biomarker and therapeutic potential and have generated broad interest, as evidenced by the steady year-on-year increase in the numbers of scientific publications about EVs. Important advances have been made in EV metrology and in understanding and applying EV biology. However, hurdles remain to realising the potential of EVs in domains ranging from basic biology to clinical applications due to challenges in EV nomenclature, separation from non-vesicular extracellular particles, characterisation and functional studies. To address the challenges and opportunities in this rapidly evolving field, the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles (ISEV) updates its 'Minimal Information for Studies of Extracellular Vesicles', which was first published in 2014 and then in 2018 as MISEV2014 and MISEV2018, respectively. The goal of the current document, MISEV2023, is to provide researchers with an updated snapshot of available approaches and their advantages and limitations for production, separation and characterisation of EVs from multiple sources, including cell culture, body fluids and solid tissues. In addition to presenting the latest state of the art in basic principles of EV research, this document also covers advanced techniques and approaches that are currently expanding the boundaries of the field. MISEV2023 also includes new sections on EV release and uptake and a brief discussion of in vivo approaches to study EVs. Compiling feedback from ISEV expert task forces and more than 1000 researchers, this document conveys the current state of EV research to facilitate robust scientific discoveries and move the field forward even more rapidly.Peer reviewe

Minimal information for studies of extracellular vesicles (MISEV2023): From basic to advanced approaches

Extracellular vesicles (EVs), through their complex cargo, can reflect the state of their cell of origin and change the functions and phenotypes of other cells. These features indicate strong biomarker and therapeutic potential and have generated broad interest, as evidenced by the steady year-on-year increase in the numbers of scientific publications about EVs. Important advances have been made in EV metrology and in understanding and applying EV biology. However, hurdles remain to realising the potential of EVs in domains ranging from basic biology to clinical applications due to challenges in EV nomenclature, separation from non-vesicular extracellular particles, characterisation and functional studies. To address the challenges and opportunities in this rapidly evolving field, the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles (ISEV) updates its 'Minimal Information for Studies of Extracellular Vesicles', which was first published in 2014 and then in 2018 as MISEV2014 and MISEV2018, respectively. The goal of the current document, MISEV2023, is to provide researchers with an updated snapshot of available approaches and their advantages and limitations for production, separation and characterisation of EVs from multiple sources, including cell culture, body fluids and solid tissues. In addition to presenting the latest state of the art in basic principles of EV research, this document also covers advanced techniques and approaches that are currently expanding the boundaries of the field. MISEV2023 also includes new sections on EV release and uptake and a brief discussion of in vivo approaches to study EVs. Compiling feedback from ISEV expert task forces and more than 1000 researchers, this document conveys the current state of EV research to facilitate robust scientific discoveries and move the field forward even more rapidly

Effects of Once-Weekly Exenatide on Cardiovascular Outcomes in Type 2 Diabetes.

Abstract BACKGROUND: The cardiovascular effects of adding once-weekly treatment with exenatide to usual care in patients with type 2 diabetes are unknown. METHODS: We randomly assigned patients with type 2 diabetes, with or without previous cardiovascular disease, to receive subcutaneous injections of extended-release exenatide at a dose of 2 mg or matching placebo once weekly. The primary composite outcome was the first occurrence of death from cardiovascular causes, nonfatal myocardial infarction, or nonfatal stroke. The coprimary hypotheses were that exenatide, administered once weekly, would be noninferior to placebo with respect to safety and superior to placebo with respect to efficacy. RESULTS: In all, 14,752 patients (of whom 10,782 [73.1%] had previous cardiovascular disease) were followed for a median of 3.2 years (interquartile range, 2.2 to 4.4). A primary composite outcome event occurred in 839 of 7356 patients (11.4%; 3.7 events per 100 person-years) in the exenatide group and in 905 of 7396 patients (12.2%; 4.0 events per 100 person-years) in the placebo group (hazard ratio, 0.91; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.83 to 1.00), with the intention-to-treat analysis indicating that exenatide, administered once weekly, was noninferior to placebo with respect to safety (P<0.001 for noninferiority) but was not superior to placebo with respect to efficacy (P=0.06 for superiority). The rates of death from cardiovascular causes, fatal or nonfatal myocardial infarction, fatal or nonfatal stroke, hospitalization for heart failure, and hospitalization for acute coronary syndrome, and the incidence of acute pancreatitis, pancreatic cancer, medullary thyroid carcinoma, and serious adverse events did not differ significantly between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: Among patients with type 2 diabetes with or without previous cardiovascular disease, the incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events did not differ significantly between patients who received exenatide and those who received placebo. (Funded by Amylin Pharmaceuticals; EXSCEL ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01144338 .)

Second Black Sea Symposium For Young Scientists In Biomedicine March 27-30, 2014, Varna, Bulgaria

Варненски медицински форум (Varna Medical Forum) V. 3, Suppl 1(2014