Rousseausches Erbe in Rawls’ Moralpsychologie

Rousseauov utjecaj na Rawlsov izvoran argument za pravdu kao poštenje neki su autori primijetili, ali malo je njih raspravljalo o Rousseauovu utjecaju na Rawlsovu psihologiju morala koja sačinjava prvi dio njegova argumenta o stabilnosti. Argumentirat ću da Rawlsov iskaz o moralnom razvoju podudara i zasniva se na Rousseauovu konceptu amour propre. Napose tvrdim da je (1) Rawlsova teza da osjećaj za pravdu proizlazi iz ljubavi i prijateljstva prikaz Rousseauove teze da moralni sentimenti proizlaze iz prirodnih sentimenata, da se (2) Rawlsovo objašnjenje o tome kako zadobivamo reciprocitet dispozicija zasniva na Rousseauovu objašnjenju kako amour-propre može biti produžen u smisao pravde, te da (3) Rawlsova misao o principu simpatije odgovara Rousseauovim mislima o suosjećajnosti.Some authors have noticed Rousseau\u27s influence on Rawls\u27s original position argument for justice as fairness, but few have argued for Rousseau’s influence on his moral psychology, which constitutes the first part of his stability argument. I will argue that Rawls’s account of moral development parallels, and is grounded in, Rousseau’s thoughts on amour-propre. In particular, I argue that (1) Rawls’s thesis that the sense of justice is derived from love and friendship is an illustration of Rousseau’s thesis that moral sentiments are derived from natural sentiments, that (2) Rawls’s explanation for how we acquire the reciprocity of disposition is grounded in Rousseau’s explanation of how amour-propre can be extended into the sense of justice, and that (3) Rawls’s thoughts on the principle of sympathy parallel Rousseau’s thoughts on compassion.Certains auteurs ont remarqué l’influence de Rousseau sur l’argument de la position originelle de Rawls en faveur de la justice comme équité, mais peu ont argumenté en faveur de l’influence de Rousseau sur sa psychologie morale, qui constitue la première partie de son argument de la stabilité. Je soutiendrai que le compte-rendu de Rawls sur le développement moral est un parallèle et il se fonde sur les réflexions de Rousseau sur l’amour-propre. En particulier, je soutiens que (1) la thèse de Rawls selon laquelle le sens de la justice procède de l’amour et de l’amitié est une illustration de la thèse de Rousseau selon laquelle les sentiments moraux procèdent de sentiments naturels, que (2) l’explication de Rawls sur la manière d’acquérir la réciprocité des dispositions est fondée sur l’explication de Rousseau sur la manière dont l’amour-propre peut être étendu au sens de la justice et que (3) les réflexions de Rawls sur le principe de sympathie correspondent aux pensées de Rousseau sur la compassion.Rousseaus Einflussnahme auf Rawls’ ursprüngliches Argument für Gerechtigkeit als Fairness wurde zwar von einigen Autoren bemerkt, jedoch nur wenige haben sich für Rousseaus Einfluss auf Rawls’ Moralpsychologie ausgesprochen, die den ersten Teil seines Stabilitätsarguments ausmacht. Ich werde substanziieren, dass Rawls’ Bericht über die moralische Entwicklung mit Rousseaus Gedanken über die amour-propre übereinstimmt und darauf aufbaut. Insbesondere argumentiere ich, dass (1) Rawls’ These, der Sinn für Gerechtigkeit rühre von Liebe und Freundschaft her, eine Illustration von Rousseaus These ist, dass moralische Empfindungen auf natürlichen Empfindungen beruhen, dass (2) Rawls’ Auslegung, wie wir die Reziprozität der Disposition erlangen, auf Rousseaus Erklärung basiert, wie amour-propre auf den Gerechtigkeitssinn ausgedehnt werden kann und dass (3) Rawls’ Gedanken zum Prinzip der Sympathie mit Rousseaus Gedanken zum Mitgefühl korrespondieren

Multiplexed immunofluorescence identifies high stromal CD68+PD‑L1+ macrophages as a predictor of improved survival in triple negative breast cancer

Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) comprises 10–15% of all breast cancers and has a poor prognosis with a high risk of recurrence within 5 years. PD-L1 is an important biomarker for patient selection for immunotherapy but its cellular expression and co-localization within the tumour immune microenvironment and associated prognostic value is not well defined. We aimed to characterise the phenotypes of immune cells expressing PD-L1 and determine their association with overall survival (OS) and breast cancer-specific survival (BCSS). Using tissue microarrays from a retrospective cohort of TNBC patients from St George Hospital, Sydney (n = 244), multiplexed immunofluorescence (mIF) was used to assess staining for CD3, CD8, CD20, CD68, PD-1, PD-L1, FOXP3 and pan-cytokeratin on the Vectra Polaris™ platform and analysed using QuPath. Cox multivariate analyses showed high CD68+PD-L1+ stromal cell counts were associated with improved prognosis for OS (HR 0.56, 95% CI 0.33–0.95, p = 0.030) and BCSS (HR 0.47, 95% CI 0.25–0.88, p = 0.018) in the whole cohort and in patients receiving chemotherapy, improving incrementally upon the predictive value of PD-L1+ alone for BCSS. These data suggest that CD68+PD-L1+ status can provide clinically useful prognostic information to identify sub-groups of patients with good or poor prognosis and guide treatment decisions in TNBC

Quantum corrections to the mass of the supersymmetric vortex

We calculate quantum corrections to the mass of the vortex in N=2 supersymmetric abelian Higgs model in (2+1) dimensions. We put the system in a box and apply the zeta function regularization. The boundary conditions inevitably violate a part of the supersymmetries. Remaining supersymmetry is however enough to ensure isospectrality of relevant operators in bosonic and fermionic sectors. A non-zero correction to the mass of the vortex comes from finite renormalization of couplings.Comment: Latex, 18 pp; v2 reference added; v3 minor change

Radion effects on unitarity in gauge-boson scattering

The scalar field associated with fluctuations in the positions of the two branes, the ``radion'', plays an important role determining the cosmology and collider phenomenology of the Randall-Sundrum solution to the hierarchy problem. It is now well known that the radion mass is of order the weak scale, and that its couplings to standard model fields are order 1/TeV to the trace of the energy momentum tensor. We calculate longitudinal vector boson scattering amplitudes to explore the constraints on the radion mass and its coupling from perturbative unitarity. The scattering cross section can indeed become non-perturbative at energies prior to reaching the TeV brane cutoff scale, but only when some curvature-Higgs mixing on the TeV brane is present. We show that the coefficient of the curvature-Higgs mixing operator must be less than about 3 for the 4-d effective theory to respect perturbative unitarity up to the TeV brane cutoff scale. Mass bounds on the Higgs boson and the radion are also discussed.Comment: 17 pages, LaTeX, 5 eps figures, uses epsf.sty and axodraw.st

Extensive Spectroscopy and Photometry of the Type IIP Supernova 2013ej

We present extensive optical ($UBVRI$, $g'r'i'z'$, and open CCD) and near-infrared ($ZYJH$) photometry for the very nearby Type IIP SN ~2013ej extending from +1 to +461 days after shock breakout, estimated to be MJD $56496.9\pm0.3$. Substantial time series ultraviolet and optical spectroscopy obtained from +8 to +135 days are also presented. Considering well-observed SNe IIP from the literature, we derive $UBVRIJHK$ bolometric calibrations from $UBVRI$ and unfiltered measurements that potentially reach 2\% precision with a $B-V$ color-dependent correction. We observe moderately strong Si II $\lambda6355$ as early as +8 days. The photospheric velocity ($v_{\rm ph}$) is determined by modeling the spectra in the vicinity of Fe II $\lambda5169$ whenever observed, and interpolating at photometric epochs based on a semianalytic method. This gives $v_{\rm ph} = 4500\pm500$ km s$^{-1}$ at +50 days. We also observe spectral homogeneity of ultraviolet spectra at +10--12 days for SNe IIP, while variations are evident a week after explosion. Using the expanding photosphere method, from combined analysis of SN 2013ej and SN 2002ap, we estimate the distance to the host galaxy to be $9.0_{-0.6}^{+0.4}$ Mpc, consistent with distance estimates from other methods. Photometric and spectroscopic analysis during the plateau phase, which we estimated to be $94\pm7$ days long, yields an explosion energy of $0.9\pm0.3\times10^{51}$ ergs, a final pre-explosion progenitor mass of $15.2\pm4.2$~M$_\odot$ and a radius of $250\pm70$~R$_\odot$. We observe a broken exponential profile beyond +120 days, with a break point at +$183\pm16$ days. Measurements beyond this break time yield a $^{56}$Ni mass of $0.013\pm0.001$~M$_\odot$.Comment: 29 pages, 23 figures, 15 tables, Published in The Astrophisical Journa

Use of low-dose oral theophylline as an adjunct to inhaled corticosteroids in preventing exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is associated with high morbidity, mortality, and health-care costs. An incomplete response to the anti-inflammatory effects of inhaled corticosteroids is present in COPD. Preclinical work indicates that 'low dose' theophylline improves steroid responsiveness. The Theophylline With Inhaled Corticosteroids (TWICS) trial investigates whether the addition of 'low dose' theophylline to inhaled corticosteroids has clinical and cost-effective benefits in COPD. METHOD/DESIGN: TWICS is a randomised double-blind placebo-controlled trial conducted in primary and secondary care sites in the UK. The inclusion criteria are the following: an established predominant respiratory diagnosis of COPD (post-bronchodilator forced expiratory volume in first second/forced vital capacity [FEV1/FVC] of less than 0.7), age of at least 40 years, smoking history of at least 10 pack-years, current inhaled corticosteroid use, and history of at least two exacerbations requiring treatment with antibiotics or oral corticosteroids in the previous year. A computerised randomisation system will stratify 1424 participants by region and recruitment setting (primary and secondary) and then randomly assign with equal probability to intervention or control arms. Participants will receive either 'low dose' theophylline (Uniphyllin MR 200 mg tablets) or placebo for 52 weeks. Dosing is based on pharmacokinetic modelling to achieve a steady-state serum theophylline of 1-5 mg/l. A dose of theophylline MR 200 mg once daily (or placebo once daily) will be taken by participants who do not smoke or participants who smoke but have an ideal body weight (IBW) of not more than 60 kg. A dose of theophylline MR 200 mg twice daily (or placebo twice daily) will be taken by participants who smoke and have an IBW of more than 60 kg. Participants will be reviewed at recruitment and after 6 and 12 months. The primary outcome is the total number of participant-reported COPD exacerbations requiring oral corticosteroids or antibiotics during the 52-week treatment period. DISCUSSION: The demonstration that 'low dose' theophylline increases the efficacy of inhaled corticosteroids in COPD by reducing the incidence of exacerbations is relevant not only to patients and clinicians but also to health-care providers, both in the UK and globally. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN27066620 was registered on Sept. 19, 2013, and the first subject was randomly assigned on Feb. 6, 2014

On the uniqueness and global dynamics of AdS spacetimes

We study global aspects of complete, non-singular asymptotically locally AdS spacetimes solving the vacuum Einstein equations whose conformal infinity is an arbitrary globally stationary spacetime. It is proved that any such solution which is asymptotically stationary to the past and future is itself globally stationary. This gives certain rigidity or uniqueness results for exact AdS and related spacetimes.Comment: 18pp, significant revision of v

Quantum key distribution and 1 Gbit/s data encryption over a single fibre

We perform quantum key distribution (QKD) in the presence of 4 classical channels in a C-band dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) configuration using a commercial QKD system. The classical channels are used for key distillation and 1 Gbps encrypted communication, rendering the entire system independent from any other communication channel than a single dedicated fibre. We successfully distil secret keys over fibre spans of up to 50 km. The separation between quantum channel and nearest classical channel is only 200 GHz, while the classical channels are all separated by 100 GHz. In addition to that we discuss possible improvements and alternative configurations, for instance whether it is advantageous to choose the quantum channel at 1310 nm or to opt for a pure C-band configuration.Comment: 9 pages, 7 figure

Wilson Loops and Minimal Surfaces

The AdS/CFT correspondence suggests that the Wilson loop of the large N gauge theory with N=4 supersymmetry in 4 dimensions is described by a minimal surface in AdS_5 x S^5. We examine various aspects of this proposal, comparing gauge theory expectations with computations of minimal surfaces. There is a distinguished class of loops, which we call BPS loops, whose expectation values are free from ultra-violet divergence. We formulate the loop equation for such loops. To the extent that we have checked, the minimal surface in AdS_5 x S^5 gives a solution of the equation. We also discuss the zig-zag symmetry of the loop operator. In the N=4 gauge theory, we expect the zig-zag symmetry to hold when the loop does not couple the scalar fields in the supermultiplet. We will show how this is realized for the minimal surface.Comment: 51 pages, 7 figure