Vizzavona

Chapter 5: The Team ENSC Vizzavona DesignInternational audienc

Team performance analysis of a collaborative spatial orientation mission in mars analogue environment

International audienceAs highlighted by human factors experts of the IAA, complementary studies have to be carried out in the field of human sciences to better understand psychological and sociological issues in long duration spaceflight and in isolated and extreme planetary environment. In order to minimize operational risks, efficient communication, problem solving capability and teamwork efficiency, which are considered key behavioural competencies by NASA, have to be tested. It is proposed here to assess the collaboration performance of astronauts in the context of a team spatial orientation task in planetary-analog environments. The experiment was originally designed and tested at the Mars Desert Research Station (crew 185, December 2017). Interestingly, some failures have been observed due to imperfect spatial representation, uncertainties and some communication problems. A similar experiment has been carried out using a virtual environment. N=62 participants have been paired up. Both teammates must collaborate to send a rover to a specific location on a computer simulation of the Mars surface. One person, the astronaut, drives the rover in the virtual environment, orally guided by the captain staying at the base. Every 45 seconds, each participant is asked to mark on his map the location he believes the rover to be. Similarity of teammates spatial shared situational awareness and their accuracy have been used to objectively assess the team performance. Answers to a post-experiment questionnaire have been used to assess perceived communication behaviours of the team. Successful and Unsuccessful teams are compared. Interesting results are presented and discussed. Remarkably, significant differences in terms of Spatial SSA and communication behaviours appeared

Exercise training in the aerobic/anaerobic metabolic transition prevents glucose intolerance in alloxan-treated rats

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Ninety percent of cases of diabetes are of the slowly evolving non-insulin-dependent type, or Type 2 diabetes. Lack of exercise is regarded as one of the main causes of this disorder. In this study we analyzed the effects of physical exercise on glucose homeostasis in adult rats with type 2 diabetes induced by a neonatal injection of alloxan.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Female Wistar rats aged 6 days were injected with either 250 mg/kg of body weight of alloxan or citrate buffer 0.01 M (controls). After weaning, half of the animals in each group were subjected to physical training adjusted to meet the aerobic-anaerobic metabolic transition by swimming 1 h/day for 5 days a week with weight overloads. The necessary overload used was set and periodically readjusted for each rat through effort tests based on the maximal lactate steady state procedure. When aged 28, 60, 90, and 120 days, the rats underwent glucose tolerance tests (GTT) and their peripheral insulin sensitivity was evaluated using the HOMA index.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The area under the serum glucose curve obtained through GTT was always higher in alloxan-treated animals than in controls. A decrease in this area was observed in trained alloxan-treated rats at 90 and 120 days old compared with non-trained animals. At 90 days old the trained controls showed lower HOMA indices than the non-trained controls.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Neonatal administration of alloxan induced a persistent glucose intolerance in all injected rats, which was successfully counteracted by physical training in the aerobic/anaerobic metabolic transition.</p

La spécificité de la résolution de la vente pour vices cachés : aucun changement à l'horizon

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Dissolution de la société, prescription de l’action en responsabilité et abus de majorité

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Cause et rémunération dans le contrat de révélation de succession

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Désignation d'un administrateur provisoire en cas de mésentente conjugale : quelles conditions ?

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Précisions sur le régime hybride de la promesse de société

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Contrat de transaction et renonciation expresse au droit d’action

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