Investigating the linkage between trust, empathy, communication, brand associations and brand reputation in Africa : a Botswana perspective

Abstract: The purpose of this study was to investigate the interrelationship between trust, empathy, communication, brand associations and brand reputation of selected small and medium enterprise (SME) brands in a developing economy of Botswana. The population was defined as all retail customers of SME brands operating within the metropolitan city of Gaborone in Botswana. A stratified-convenience sampling approach was followed and a self-administered questionnaire was disseminated amongst 450 customers at the service points of SMEs. The Structural equation modelling (SEM) procedure was used to analyse the hypothesised relationships in this study. The findings conclude that trust, empathy and communication exerted a positive and significant influence on brand associations, whilst brand associations had a direct impact on brand reputation. In addition, brand commitment significantly mediated the influence of brand associations on brand reputation. It is therefore important for SMEs in the apparel industry of Botswana to cultivate the levels of trust, empathy, communication, brand associations and brand commitment to secure a genuine reputation with their customers

Product involvement, WOM and eWOM in the fast food industry : a young adult perspective in an emerging African economy

Abstract: This study investigates the relationship between product involvement, WOM, and eWOM in the fast food industry between two sub-groups of young adult consumers in South Africa. A quantitative design was followed, with primary data (n = 201) gathered from respondents using a self-administered questionnaire. The results suggest that product involvement exerts a positive and significant influence on WOM and eWOM in the case of both young adult sub-groups. There is also no difference in the perceptions of the two sub-groups of young adults concerning product involvement, WOM, and eWOM. Product involvement is found to play an important role in spreading WOM and eWOM in the fast food industry, and is proposed as an important focus area for managers

The monetary value of diets consumed by British adults: an exploration into sociodemographic differences in individual-level diet costs

OBJECTIVE: To describe the diet costs of adults in the National Diet and Nutrition Study (NDNS) and explore patterns in costs according to sociodemographic indicators. DESIGN: Cross-sectional diet diary information was matched to a database of food prices to assign a cost to each food or non-alcoholic beverage consumed. Daily diet costs were calculated, as well as costs per 10 MJ to improve comparability across differing energy requirements. Costs were compared between categories of sociodemographic variables and health behaviours. Multivariable regression assessed the effects of each variable on diet costs after adjustment. SETTING: The NDNS is a rolling dietary survey, recruiting a representative UK sample each year. The study features data from 2008-2010. SUBJECTS: Adults aged 19 years or over were included. The sample consisted of 1014 participants. RESULTS: The geometric mean daily diet cost was £2·89 (95 % CI £2·81, £2·96). Energy intake and daily diet cost were strongly associated. The mean energy-adjusted cost was £4·09 (95 % CI £4·01, £4·18) per 10 MJ. Energy-adjusted costs differed significantly between many subgroups, including by sex and household income. Multivariable regression found significant effects of sex, qualifications and occupation (costs per 10 MJ only), as well as equivalized household income, BMI and fruit and vegetable consumption on diet costs. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first time that monetary costs have been applied to the diets of NDNS adults. The findings suggest that certain subgroups in the UK - for example those on lower incomes - consume diets of lower monetary value. Observed differences were mostly in the directions anticipated

A prospective cohort study of safety and patient satisfaction of voluntary medical male circumcision in Botswana

Randomized trials have shown that voluntary medical male circumcision (VMMC) significantly reduces the risk of HIV acquisition in men. However, the rate of complications associated with the surgical procedure varies from 0.7% to 37.4% in real-world settings. We assessed the frequency, type and severity of adverse events following VMMC among 427 adult men surgically circumcised in southeastern Botswana; 97% completed ≥1 follow-up visit within seven days post-circumcision. Thirty moderate AEs were observed in 28 men resulting in an overall AE rate of 6.7%. Patient satisfaction was high: >95% were very or somewhat satisfied with the procedure and subsequent follow-up care

Association between energy density and diet cost in children

� 2016 PBJ-Associa��o Porto Biomedical/Porto Biomedical Society. Background: Lower energy density diets tend to cost more, but data using different ways to calculate the dietary energy density, is scarce. Objectives: To estimate the dietary energy density, and to assess how it is associated with the diet cost in children. Methods: Data were obtained from a community-based survey from public elementary schools in Portugal. Dietary intake of 464 children (6-12 years) was assessed by a 24 h recall in 2007/2008. Dietary energy density (kcal/g) was calculated as following: (1) with food and all beverages (ED1), (2) with food and caloric beverages (ED2), and (3) only with food (ED3). Energy-adjusted diet cost (D /1000 kcal) was calculated based on the collection of food prices from a national leader supermarket. Anthropometric measures were taken and socio-demographic data were obtained from parents. Logistic regression was used to estimate the association between diet cost and energy density. Results: For boys, the energy-adjusted diet cost of the highest third of energy density was lower, between 81% in the ED3 (p for trend < 0.001) and 87% in the ED1 (p for trend < 0.001), compared to the lowest third. Girls showed similar, but weaker associations. Conclusions: Higher dietary energy density was associated with lower dietary cost among children.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Meat Consumption and Cancer Risk

The authors review the key studies on the association between meat intake and cancer risk, including a new prospective cohort study by Amanda Cross and colleagues published inPLoS Medicine

A prospective cohort study of safety and patient satisfaction of voluntary medical male circumcision in Botswana

Randomized trials have shown that voluntary medical male circumcision (VMMC) significantly reduces the risk of HIV acquisition in men. However, the rate of complications associated with the surgical procedure varies from 0.7% to 37.4% in real-world settings. We assessed the frequency, type and severity of adverse events following VMMC among 427 adult men surgically circumcised in southeastern Botswana; 97% completed ≥1 follow-up visit within seven days post-circumcision. Thirty moderate AEs were observed in 28 men resulting in an overall AE rate of 6.7%. Patient satisfaction was high: >95% were very or somewhat satisfied with the procedure and subsequent follow-up care

Dietary Energy Density Predicts the Risk of Incident Type 2 Diabetes: The European Prospective Investigation of Cancer (EPIC)-Norfolk Study

OBJECTIVE—Accumulating evidence suggests that energy-dense foods predispose to obesity and that such foods may also be associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes, but there is limited evidence. Our aim was to investigate whether there is an independent association between dietary energy density and incidence of diabetes

Big hearts, small hands:A focus group study exploring parental food portion behaviours

© The Author(s). 2017. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.Background: The development of healthy food portion sizes among families is deemed critical to childhood weight management; yet little is known about the interacting factors influencing parents' portion control behaviours. This study aimed to use two synergistic theoretical models of behaviour: the COM-B model (Capability, Opportunity, Motivation - Behaviour) and Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF) to identify a broad spectrum of theoretically derived influences on parents' portion control behaviours including examination of affective and habitual influences often excluded from prevailing theories of behaviour change. Methods: Six focus groups exploring family weight management comprised of one with caseworkers (n = 4), four with parents of overweight children (n = 14) and one with parents of healthy weight children (n = 8). A thematic analysis was performed across the dataset where the TDF/COM-B were used as coding frameworks. Results: To achieve the target behaviour, the behavioural analysis revealed the need for eliciting change in all three COM-B domains and nine associated TDF domains. Findings suggest parents' internal processes such as their emotional responses, habits and beliefs, along with social influences from partners and grandparents, and environmental influences relating to items such as household objects, interact to influence portion size behaviours within the home environment. Conclusion: This is the first study underpinned by COM-B/TDF frameworks applied to childhood weight management and provides new targets for intervention development and the opportunity for future research to explore the mediating and moderating effects of these variables on one another.Peer reviewedFinal Published versio