Presence of matrix vesicles in the body of odontoblasts and in the inner third of dentinal tissue: a scanning electron microscopyc study

Objectives: The aim of this report is to present the results of a scanning electron microscopic study on the presence of matrix vesicles (MVs) found in human dentine. Study Design: Dentin tissue from 20 human bicuspids was analyzed by means of scanning electron microscopy. Results: MVs were found as outgrowths of the cellular membrane of the odontoblastic body, the more proximal portion of the odontoblastic process before entering the dentinal tubule and in the odontoblastic process within the inner third of the dentin. Size of MVs varied depending on location. In the inner third of dentin, they were seen in diverse positions; as membranal outgrowths, deriving from the odontoblastic process, lying free in the intratubular space and attached to the dentinal wall. Sometimes, they were seen organized forming groups of different sizes and shapes or as multivesicular chains running from the surface of the odontoblastic process to the tubular wall. MVs were present in places never considered: 1) the body of odontoblasts; 2) the most proximal part of the odontoblastic processes before entering the circumpulpal dentine and also: 3) in the inner third of dentinal tissue. Conclusions: According to our results, MVs not only participate during mantle dentin mineralization during early dentinogenesis, they also contribute during the mineralization process of the inner dentin

MUC-1 expression in pleomorphic adenomas using two human milk fat globule protein membrane antibodies (HMFG-1 and HMFG-2)

Pleomorphic adenoma (PA) is the most common salivary gland tumor and its microscopic features and histogenesis are a matter of debate. Human milk fat globule protein membrane (HMFG) monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) comprise a set of antibodies against the mucin 1 (MUC-1) protein detected in several salivary gland tumors. Objective The aim of this study was to assess the immunoexpression of the PA neoplastic cells to MUC-1 protein using HMFG-1 and HMFG-2 MoAbs, contrasting these results with those from normal salivary gland tissue. Material and Methods Immunohistochemical detection of MUC-1 protein using HMFG-1 and HMFG-2 MoAbs was made in 5 mm thick, paraffin embedded slides, and the avidin-biotin method was used. Results Positivity to HMFG-1 and HMFG-2 MoAbs was found in ductal, squamous metaplastic and neoplastic myoepithelial cells, keratin pearls and intraductal mucous material. Two kinds of myoepithelial cells were identified: classic myoepithelial cells around ducts were negative to both MoAbs, and modified myoepithelial cells were positive to both MoAbs. This last cellular group of the analyzed tumors showed similar MUC-1 immunoexpression to ductal epithelial cells using both HMFG antibodies. Intraductal mucous secretion was also HMFG-1 and HMFG-2 positive. Conclusions Our results showed there are two kinds of myoepithelial cells in PA. The first cellular group is represented by the different kinds of neoplastic myoepithelial cells and is HMFG-positive. The second one is HMFG-negative and represented by the neoplastic myoepithelial cells located around the ducts

Estudo e prevenção da distração e inatenção na condução

Es creciente la evidencia de que las distracciones y la inatención del conductor constituyen un importante factor contributivo en choques y siniestros viales. El objetivo del presente trabajo es realizar una revisión de la literatura sobre inatención y distracciones durante la conducción. En primer lugar, se trabajó sobre la definición y delimitación conceptual de ambos términos; segundo, se abordaron los diferentes enfoques metodológicos utilizados para su estudio y, por último, se mencionan las medidas de intervención y de prevención recomendadas. Finalmente, se concluye que la investigación sobre el tema se enfrenta con problemas relativos a la falta de una definición consensuada de conceptos básicos, a diferencias metodológicas y a la ausencia de un marco teórico unificado que brinde coherencia a los hallazgos de investigación. Estas limitaciones en la investigación reflejan, a su vez, problemas más generales propios de la psicología del tránsito en tanto área específica de la psicología.There is growing evidence about the riskiness of driver distraction and inattention for traffic safety. The present study is a review of the literature about inattention and distraction while driving. First, the review shows the difficulties and controversies arisen in the definition of both constructs. Second, the paper describes different methodological approaches used in the driver distraction research. Third, there is a description of prevention strategies for mitigating and avoiding the consequences of driver distraction and inattention. It is concluded that research on driver distraction and inattention faces difficulties regarding the lack of common definitions of basic constructs, the lack of a unified theoretic frame, and the presence of methodological differences. These limitations mirror problems faced in the main discipline, Traffic PsychologyÉ crescente a evidência de que as distrações e a inatenção do condutor constituem um importante fator contributivo em choques e sinistros viários. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi realizar uma revisão da literatura sobre inatenção e distrações durante a condução. Em primeiro lugar, trabalha-se sobre a definição e delimitação conceitual de ambos os termos; segundo, abordam-se os diferentes enfoques metodológicos utilizados para seu estudo e, por último, mencionam-se as medidas de intervenção e de prevenção recomendadas. Finalmente, conclui-se que a pesquisa sobre o tema de enfrenta com problemas relativos à falta de uma definição consensual de conceitos básicos, a diferenças metodológicas, e à ausência de um marco teórico unificado que brinde coerência aos resultados da pesquisa. Estas limitações na pesquisa prévia refletem, ao mesmo tempo, problemas mais gerais próprios da psicologia do trânsito em tanto área específica da Psicologia.Fil: Montes, Silvana Andrea. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Ledesma, Ruben Daniel. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Poó, Fernando Martín. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata; Argentin

Maxillomandibular giant osteosclerotic lesions

Giant Osteosclerotic Lesions (GOLs) are a group of rarely reported intraosseous lesions. Their precise diagnosis is important since they can be confused with malignant neoplasms. Objective: This retrospective study aimed to record and analyze the clinical and radiographic Giant Osteosclerotic Lesions (GOLs) detected in the maxillomandibular area of patients attending to our institution. Materials and Methods: Informed consent from the patients was obtained and those cases of 2.5 cm or larger lesions with radiopaque or mixed (radiolucid-radiopaque) appearance located in the maxillofacial bones were selected. Assessed parameters were: age, gender, radiographic aspect, shape, borders, size, location and relations to roots. Lesions were classified as radicular, apical, interradicular, interradicular-apical, radicular-apical or located in a previous teeth extraction area. Additionally, several osseous and dental developmental alterations (DDAs) were assessed. Results: Seventeen radiopacities in 14 patients were found and were located almost exclusively in mandible and were two types: idiopathic osteosclerosis and condensing osteitis. GOLs were more frequent in females, and in the anterior and premolar zones. 94.2% of GOLs were qualified as idiopathic osteosclerosis and one case was condensing osteitis. All studied cases showed different osseous and dental developmental alterations (DDAs). The most common were: Microdontia, hypodontia, pulp stones, macrodontia and variations in the mental foramina. Conclusions: GOLs must be differentiated from other radiopaque benign and malignant tumors. Condensing osteitis, was considered an anomalous osseous response induced by a chronic low-grade inflammatory stimulus. For development of idiopathic osteosclerosis, two possible mechanisms could be related. The first is modification of the normal turnover with excessive osseous deposition. The second mechanism will prevent the normal bone resorption, arresting the osseous breakdown process

Road traffic deaths in the province of Buenos Aires in 2017: a hierarchical cluster analysis

INTRODUCCIÓN: las lesiones y muertes de tránsito constituyen un problema importante de salud pública. El presente trabajo se propuso analizar, desde una perspectiva multidimensional, los datos oficiales sobre fallecidos por siniestros viales en la provincia de Buenos Aires. En primer lugar, se buscó construir una tipología de siniestros viales, y, en segundo lugar, se analizó la distribuciónde los conglomerados en distintas zonas de la provincia. MÉTODOS: se realizó un estudio no experimental, transversal y correlacional. Se aplicaron métodos de clasificación jerárquica a datos registrados por la Unidad del Observatorio y Estadísticas en Seguridad Vial; (n original = 1369, n luego de la depuración de datos = 1154). Los conglomerados resultantes se analizaron luego por región sanitaria. RESULTADOS: los resultados sugirieron ocho grupos relativamente homogéneos de víctimas con perfiles diferenciables de siniestralidad. Los conglomerados más importantes fueron dos: uno correspondiente a personas de sexo masculino, jóvenes y conductores de moto que fallecen en siniestros urbanos, y otro caracterizado por conductores de automóviles y adultos, también de sexo masculino, que fallecen en siniestros interurbanos. Los grupos se distribuyeron de manera diferente según la región sanitaria, aunque se advirtieron dos grandes perfiles: uno correspondiente al Gran Buenos Aires y otro al interior de la provincia. DISCUSIÓN: los resultados pueden ofrecer una base de segmentación útil para orientar intervenciones focalizadasen grupos de usuarios viales.. INTRODUCTION: Road traffic injuries and deaths are a major public health concern. The aim of this work was to analyze, from a multivariate perspective, oficial data on fatal victims of road traffic in Buenos Aires, Argentina First, we built a typology of road traffic accidents, and second, we analyze the clusters distribution in different areas of the province. METHOD: A non-experimental, correlational and cross-sectional study was carried out. An empirical classification of road deaths was generated by means of Hierarchical Cluster Analysis (official data registered by the Road Safety Observatory; original n = 1369, n after data refinement = 1154). The resulting clusters were then analyzed by health district areas. RESULTS: The results suggested eight relatively homogeneous groups of victims with differentiable accident profiles. The most important clusters were two: one corresponding to young male motorcycle riders who died in urban traffic crashes, and another characterized by adult male automobile drivers who died in inter-urban traffic crashes. The groups were distributed differently according to the health district area, although there were two major profiles: one corresponding to Greater Buenos Aires and the other to the rest of Buenos Aires province. DISCUSSION: Results offer a useful base for interventions targeting specific road users.Fil: Montes, Silvana Andrea. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Psicología Básica, Aplicada y Tecnología. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Psicología. Instituto de Psicología Básica, Aplicada y Tecnología.; ArgentinaFil: Ledesma, Ruben Daniel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Psicología Básica, Aplicada y Tecnología. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Psicología. Instituto de Psicología Básica, Aplicada y Tecnología.; Argentin

Post-traumatic stress disorder after road traffic accidents: a systematic review

Las lesiones físicas y los trastornos psicológicos que se producen como consecuencia de un siniestro de tránsito (ST) constituyen un grave problema de salud pública. En este trabajo se realiza una revisión sistemática y actualización de estudios sobre prevalencia y variables predictoras de estrés postraumático (TEPT) luego de un ST. Se realizó una búsqueda en bases de datos incluyendo Medline, PsycINFO, Scopus, y Elsevier de artículos entre 2015 y 2019, siguiendo las directrices PRISMA. La búsqueda inicial mostró un total de 1062 artículos, de los cuales 28 cumplieron criterios de inclusión. La literatura disponible es heterogénea en cuanto a objetivos y metodología. La prevalencia oscila entre 2,39 y 62%. Entre los predictores más robustos de TEPT se incluyen: sexo femenino, percepción de riesgo de vida en el ST, falta de apoyo social, secuelas físicas, y problemas emocionales previos. Se destaca la importancia de la detección temprana para prevenir secuelas psicológicas.Physical injuries and psychological disorders following a road traffic accident (RTAs) are a serious public health problem. The objective of this work was to conduct a systematic review and update of studies on the prevalence and predictive variables of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) after RTAs. A systematic search was performed in databases including Medline, PsycINFO, Scopus and Elsevier, of articles published between January 2015 and August 2019, following PRISMA guidelines. Initial search showed a total of 1062 articles, and 28 met inclusion criteria. The available literature is heterogeneous in regards to aims and methodology. Prevalence rates ranged from 2,39 % to 62%. The most robust predictors of PTSD include: Female gender, perceived threat to life, lack of social support, persistent physical problems and previous emotional problems. The importance of early detection to prevent psychological sequelae is highlighted.Fil: Montes, Silvana Andrea. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Psicología Básica, Aplicada y Tecnología. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Psicología. Instituto de Psicología Básica, Aplicada y Tecnología.; ArgentinaFil: Ledesma, Ruben Daniel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Psicología Básica, Aplicada y Tecnología. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Psicología. Instituto de Psicología Básica, Aplicada y Tecnología.; Argentin

Myoepithelial cells are the main component in pleomorphic adenomas?

Objetivo: El objetivo de este estudio fue cuantificar por medio de inmunohistoquí-mica el número de células mioepiteliales (CMs) en adenomas pleomorfos (APs). Mate-rial y Métodos: Se recuperaron los cubos de 27 APs y se hicieron nuevas laminillas, las que se tiñeron con un anticuerpo anti-proteína S-100, se contó el número de células S-100 positivas, se registró su morfología y se hicieron comparaciones del número de CMs tomando en cuenta el sexo, edad y glándula de origen. Resultados: Se observó que en el tejido glandular normal, las CMs solo se observaron alrededor de las estructuras ductuales. En los APs analizados se encontró que en promedio, solamente el 27,4% de las células neoplásicas fueron positivas a este anticuerpo. Con excepción de un AP, en todos los casos analizados las células plasmocitoides fueron las células más comúnmente encontradas (48,6%). Conclusiones: Los resultados de este estudio su-gieren que las CMs no forman el componente celular principal del compartimiento neo-plásico de los APs y confirman las evidencias encontradas desde hace varios años, por diferentes autores, quienes estudiando los APs, sugirieron que las CMs no forman la mayor parte de las células neoplásicas en estas entidades

Analysis of university professors in economic sciences: PMH scale and technostress as main antecedents of academic self-perception

In order to establish the relationship between the academic self-perception of university professors according to their gender, which takes into account the internal and external factors, such as technostress, the PMH scale (unidimensional Positive Mental Health Scale) and the factors that are related to an organization, which is understood to be a university, are the climate and the commitment of the professor, which are the constructs that were used in our research. The research was conducted by using a sample of 161 active university professors of economics from both sexes. The analysis of the results that were obtained were conducted via a mixed analysis using symmetric methodology (partial least squares structural equation modeling “PLSSEM”). In addition, a multigroup analysis (Partial Least Squares Multi-Group Analysis “PLS-MGA”) was performed according to the sex as well as asymmetric (Fuzzy-set Qualitative Comparative Analysis “fs/QCA”), which is where the different combinations of the antecedents that lead to the common result are established. Technostress is unequally related to the model variables. It is significant with respect to Academic Self-perception (AS), Organizational Climate (OC), and PMH-Scale (PMH), which even results in a positive relationship with OC and PMH This indicates that in academia certain levels of technostress can generate positive results. This fact is also demonstrated by the presence of the variable in the solutions that were generated using the asymmetric method. The demands of the new technological adoptions among university professorsare generating the modification of perceptions and therefore behavior. Therefore, it is necessary to control the level of technostress assumed by men from the teaching centers as well as regulating the technological contributions and their introduction in the classrooms. The study proposes a novel approach due to the implementation of a mixed methodology of analyses. Most previous analyses have focused on case studies or students. The conclusions are relevant for the necessary technological implementation in university classrooms

Dental developmental alterations in patients with dilacerated teeth

The aim of this study was to record and analyze all DDAs associated to dilacerated teeth in patients attending the clinics of the Postgraduate Division, Facultad de Odontología, UNAM in Mexico City. Orthopantomograms from all patients seeking for stomatological attention in our institution were reviewed and those cases of dilaceration were separated. Age, gender, diagnosis, location, involved teeth and associated DDAs were recorded and analyzed. From 6,340 patients, 99 (1.6%) harbored 125 dilacerated teeth. Of them, 45 (45.5%) showed one or more DDAs. The most frequently detected DDAs were hypodontia, enamel pearls, taurodontism and microdontia. 45.5% is a very high proportion of DDAs in patients with dilacerated roots. Findings from this study strongly suggest that patients with dilacerated teeth should be carefully screened since many of them could present other DDAs. Simultaneous occurrence of dilaceration and DDAs suggests synchronic developmental defects during dental growth

Study on frequency of dental developmental alterations in a MEXICAN school-based population

Background: The aim of this study was to know the distribution of dental developmental alterations in the population requesting stomatological attention at the Admission and Diagnosis Clinic of our institution in Mexico City. Material and Methods: We reviewed the archives and selected those files with developmental dental alterations. Analyzed data were diagnoses, age, gender, location and number of involved teeth. Results: Of the 3.522 patients reviewed, 179 (5.1%) harbored 394 developmental dental alterations. Of them, 45.2% were males and 54.8% were females with a mean age of 16.7 years. The most common were supernumeraries, dental agenesia and dilaceration. Adults were 30.7% of the patients with dental developmental alterations. In them, the most common lesions were agenesia and supernumeraries. Mesiodens was the most frequently found supernumerary teeth (14.7%). Conclusions: Our finding that 30.7% of the affected patients were adults is an undescribed and unusually high proportion of patients that have implications on planning and prognosis of their stomatological treatment