La mise en réseaux des ports intérieurs européens : Stratégies de coopération et structures institutionnelles interportuaires en Europe du Nord-Ouest

A la suite des opérateurs et pour répondre à leurs besoins, les gestionnaires portuaires tendent à institutionnaliser de nouvelles relations d’interdépendance. Cette dynamique apparaît comme une réponse logique à la massification des trafics maritimes vers l’arrière-pays, pour les conteneurs mais aussi pour les transports de vrac qui continuent à représenter l’essentiel des tonnages manipulés. Elle pousse en effet les acteurs privés et des pouvoirs publics à structurer leur action autour des relais de trafics que sont les ports intérieurs. Cette mise en réseau peut être initiée par différents acteurs : les ports maritimes qui cherchent à consolider des appuis continentaux en nouant des partenariats privilégiés ; les autorités publiques de tutelle, à différentes échelles géographiques, qui entendent rationaliser les investissements nécessaires au report modal ou plus simplement en réponse à la concurrence économique que se livrent les territoires pour maintenir leur attractivité ; les gestionnaires des ports fluviaux eux-mêmes pour répondre à l’attente des usagers et peser mieux dans leurs rapports à leurs interlocuteurs économiques ou institutionnels. Le propos cherche plus précisément à cerner le cadre et les motifs de la coopération institutionnelle plus étroite entre autorités portuaires et plus particulièrement entre ports maritimes et ports fluviaux ou entre ports fluviaux

Neonatal Stroke and TLR1/2 Ligand Recruit Myeloid Cells through the Choroid Plexus in a CX3CR1-CCR2- and Context-Specific Manner.

Neonatal stroke is as frequent as stroke in the elderly, but many pathophysiological injury aspects are distinct in neonates, including immune signaling. While myeloid cells can traffic into the brain via multiple routes, the choroid plexus (CP) has been identified as a uniquely educated gate for immune cell traffic during health and disease. To understand the mechanisms of myeloid cell trafficking via the CP and their influence on neonatal stroke, we characterized the phenotypes of CP-infiltrating myeloid cells after transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) in neonatal mice of both sexes in relation to blood-brain barrier permeability, injury, microglial activation, and CX3CR1-CCR2 signaling, focusing on the dynamics early after reperfusion. We demonstrate rapid recruitment of multiple myeloid phenotypes in the CP ipsilateral to the injury, including inflammatory CD45+CD11b+Ly6chighCD86+, beneficial CD45+CD11b+Ly6clowCD206+, and CD45+CD11b+Ly6clowLy6ghigh cells, but only minor leukocyte infiltration into acutely ischemic-reperfused cortex and negligible vascular albumin leakage. We report that CX3CR1-CCR2-mediated myeloid cell recruitment contributes to stroke injury. Considering the complexity of inflammatory cascades triggered by stroke and a role for TLR2 in injury, we also used direct TLR2 stimulation as an independent injury model. TLR2 agonist rapidly recruited myeloid cells to the CP, increased leukocytosis in the CSF and blood, but infiltration into the cortex remained low over time. While the magnitude and the phenotypes of myeloid cells diverged between tMCAO and TLR2 stimulation, in both models, disruption of CX3CR1-CCR2 signaling attenuated both monocyte and neutrophil trafficking to the CP and cortex.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Stroke during the neonatal period leads to long-term disabilities. The mechanisms of ischemic injury and inflammatory response differ greatly between the immature and adult brain. We examined leukocyte trafficking via the choroid plexus (CP) following neonatal stroke in relation to blood-brain barrier integrity, injury, microglial activation, and signaling via CX3CR1 and CCR2 receptors, or following direct TLR2 stimulation. Ischemia-reperfusion triggered marked unilateral CX3CR1-CCR2 dependent accumulation of diverse leukocyte subpopulations in the CP without inducing extravascular albumin leakage or major leukocyte infiltration into the brain. Disrupted CX3CR1-CCR2 signaling was neuroprotective in part by attenuating monocyte and neutrophil trafficking. Understanding the migratory patterns of CP-infiltrating myeloid cells with intact and disrupted CX3CR1-CCR2 signaling could identify novel therapeutic targets to protect the neonatal brain

Conception d’un oscillateur à commande numérique en bande K à faible bruit de phase et à large bande en technologie 22nm FD-SOI pour les radars automobiles

International audienc

Global sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 2 deficiency attenuates neuroinflammation and ischemic-reperfusion injury after neonatal stroke

Arterial ischemic stroke is common in neonates-1 per 2,300-5,000 births-and therapeutic targets remain insufficiently defined. Sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 2 (S1PR2), a major regulator of the CNS and immune systems, is injurious in adult stroke. Here, we assessed whether S1PR2 contributes to stroke induced by 3 h transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) in S1PR2 heterozygous (HET), knockout (KO), and wild type (WT) postnatal day 9 pups. HET and WT of both sexes displayed functional deficits in Open Field test whereas injured KO at 24 h reperfusion performed similarly to naives. S1PR2 deficiency protected neurons, attenuated infiltration of inflammatory monocytes, and altered vessel-microglia interactions without reducing increased cytokine levels in injured regions at 72 h. Pharmacologic inhibition of S1PR2 after tMCAO by JTE-013 attenuated injury 72 h after tMCAO. Importantly, the lack of S1PR2 alleviated anxiety and brain atrophy during chronic injury. Altogether, we identify S1PR2 as a potential new target for mitigating neonatal stroke

A K-band Wide-Tuning-Range Low-Phase-Noise Digitally Controlled Oscillator in 22 nm FD-SOI for Automotive Radars

International audienc

PLGF, a placental marker of fetal brain defects after in utero alcohol exposure

International audienc

Alcoolisation fœtale - Le placenta au secours du diagnostic précoce des troubles du développement cérébral de l’enfant

International audienc

Temporal dynamics of demersal chondrichthyan species in the central western Mediterranean Sea: The case study in Sardinia Island

Occurrence, abundance and size trends of 25 demersal Chondrichthyes (10 Sharks: 3 Carcharhiniformes, 2 Hexanchiformes, 5 Squaliformes; 14 Batoids: 3 Myliobatiformes, 8 Rajiformes, 3 Torpediniformes and 1 Holocephalan: 1 Chimaeriformes) collected from 22 years (1994–2015) of Mediterranean International Trawl Surveys (MEDITS) around Sardinian seas, were given. Data relative to two strata, the continental shelf (10–200 m), the slope (201–800 m), and the overall (10–800 m), were analyzed in order to identify the general species distribution of their habitat preference. From the gathered data it appeared that the shelf was mostly inhabited by batoids while the slope by sharks. Only the small-spotted catshark Scyliorhinus canicula and the thornback skate Raja clavata were equally distributed with high values of occurrence and abundance both in the shelf and in the slope. All the other species showed a preferential distribution only in one stratum (shelf or slope). In general, temporal trends of abundance indexes were stable or increasing in all strata. GAM analysis also confirmed a stable trend. Almost all species displayed stable in size structure analysis, apart from R. brachyura and Dipturus oxyrinchus that showed a statistically increasing trend. Although the investigated chondrichthyan species seemed to display a not alarming status of conservation in Sardinian seas, more investigation should be done to assure a proper management of this threatened resource

Experimental and clinical evidence of differential effects of magnesium sulfate on neuroprotection and angiogenesis in the fetal brain

International audienc