The formation of the urban settlement network of the Łódź Voivodeship

Artykuł przedstawia proces kształtowania się miejskiej sieci osadniczej województwa łódzkiego w ujęciu geo-graficzno-historycznym oraz geostatystycznym. Badania wykorzystywały zarówno proste statystyki, jak i analizę przestrzenną, m.in. dendrytu wrocławskiego, metod centrograficznych oraz funkcji gęstości (kernel function). Dane opracowano tak, aby można było zastosować metody i narzędzia GIS. W artykule zaprezentowano analizę ilościową, przestrzenną i dynamiczną zmian miejskiej sieci osadniczej województwa łódzkiego. Do tego celu wykorzystano informacje o miastach leżących w gra-nicach współczesnego województwa łódzkiego, takie jak: czas lokacji tych miast, ich liczbę, położenie geograficzne oraz liczbę mieszkańców. Uzyskane wyniki dały podstawę do wskazania roli, jaką pełni w tej sieci główne miasto, czyli Łódź – stolica województwa i inne miasta wchodzące w skład aglomeracji łódzkiej, oraz umożliwiły prezentację procesów zachodzących w strukturze miast i ich rozmieszczeni

Academic periodicals published by the Cracow museums after 1945: A survey of their development and their present-day condition

W artykule scharakteryzowano periodyki wydawane przez muzea krakowskie po 1945 r., na tle ich działalności wydawniczej. Czasopisma naukowe ukazujące się do dnia dzisiejszego poddano analizie pod kątem częstotliwości i intensywności wydawniczej, struktury, zawartości i funkcji, a także rangi naukowej, cech formalno-wydawniczych i społecznego zasięgu.This article deals with the academic periodicals published by the Cracow museums after 1945 against the background of their overall publishing record in that period. They are characterized with regard to the following criteria: number of issues per annum and adherence to the publishing schedule; structure, content and function; assessment of academic quality; formal characteristics of the editorial formula and the printed product; and, finally, their social outreach

The image of gypsies in Polish collections of iconographic materials (19th century - first half of the 20th century) : reconnaissance

The image of Gypsies in Polish collections of iconographic materials (19th century - first half of the 20th century) - reconnaissance. At least since the Middle Ages the people of Europe have shared their space with the nomadic Gypsy people. Its long, often troublesome neighborhood resulted in the formation of two parallel, though different, stereotypical images of the Roma in European culture. In one of them one, they are portrayed negatively, as the personification of all the pejorative and demonic qualities. Two words describing Roma Stereotypes in this language context are as follows: dangerous vagrants, thieves, criminals, living without any moral rules. Under the influence of romantic ideas in European culture a different picture of the Gypsies began to take shape. According to this ideal, they were considered to be free people, living itinerant lives and in harmony with nature, free from hard work, colorful, cheerful, independent and artistic. In this paper we would like to present how the ideas existing in the nineteenth-and twentieth century culture reflected in the iconography of Roma. On the basis of Polish collections we will show the most important themes and motifs associated with the iconography and mythology of this minority. At the same time, we will try to show to what extent the European images coincided with the real culture and tradition of the Gypsies. In the analysis we will use both engravings, woodcuts, paintings, graphics press and photographs found in public collections in Tarnow, Sejny or Krakow, as well as in various private collections

Digitization of LAr calorimeter for CSC simulations

This note describes the digitization of the LAr signals, which is the step creating RDO from Geant4 Hits, as used during the production of the CSC simulated samples with athena release 12

Beyond "dependent development" in a high-tech industry? The interplay between domestic institutions and transnational sectoral governance in the trajectories of emerging Polish IT firms

The present study adds to the ongoing discussions on the economic and industrial change in postcommunist Central Europe by investigating in-depth the case of a relatively successful development of two large domestic IT firms from Poland. The case is theoretically interesting because it calls into question the dominant perspective on industrial transformation in the region which focuses on the role of foreign direct investment (FDI). The presented empirical analysis uses rich historical data to reconstruct the strategies of the two Polish firms regarding: sales market operations, corporate finance, and productive organization. The study's general assumption is that the relatively successful development of the two analyzed companies has been shaped by the interplay between home-country conditions and the governance structure of the transnational enterprise IT (EIT) industry. The conducted analysis indicates, first, that the firms have benefited from a well-functioning local capital market, the domestic supply of high-skilled labor, and some characteristics of the home country sales market. Second, the study reveals that the firms' development has been conditioned by the ongoing "modularization" processes in the EIT sector. In their initially home market oriented operations, the analyzed firms focused on the downstream segments of the EIT value chain while sourcing the more high-tech components (e.g. databases) from collaborations with foreign suppliers. In general, the results of the study suggest that a more nuanced perspective on the ongoing processes of industrial change in Central Europe than the one proposed in the existing literature is needed.Die vorliegende Studie untersucht eine relativ erfolgreiche Entwicklung von zwei heimischen IT-Unternehmen aus Polen und trägt dadurch zu aktuellen Diskussionen über den Industriewandel im Mitteleuropa bei. Der analysierte Fall ist von theoretischer Relevanz, da er die dominante Perspektive auf die wirtschaftliche Entwicklung in der Region, die eine Abhängigkeit von ausländischen Direktinvestitionen (FDI) in den Vordergrund stellt, problematisiert. Die Analyse baut auf umfangreichen historischen Daten auf, um die Strategien der zwei Unternehmen hinsichtlich Produktmarktpositionierung, Unternehmensfinanzierung und Produktionsorganisation zu rekonstruieren. Die leitende Annahme der Studie ist, dass die relativ erfolgreiche Entwicklung der beiden polnischen Firmen durch ein Zusammenspiel von länderspezifischen Kontextbedingungen und der Governance-Struktur der globalen Enterprise-IT-Industrie geprägt wurde. Die Analyse zeigt erstens, dass die Unternehmen von einem gut funktionierenden lokalen Kapitalmarkt, dem inländischen Angebot an hochqualifizierten Arbeitskräften sowie einigen Charakteristiken des Binnenmarktes profitiert haben. Zweitens zeigt die Studie, dass die Entwicklung der Unternehmen durch die Modularisierungsprozesse im globalen Enterprise-IT-Sektor bedingt war. In ihren anfänglich binnenmarkorientierten Strategien konzentrierten sich die analysierten Unternehmen auf Downstream-Segmente der EIT-Wertschöpfungskette, während sie die Hightech-Komponenten (z.B. Datenbanken) aus Kooperationen mit ausländischen Lieferanten bezogen. Die Ergebnisse der Studie weisen darauf hin, dass eine differenziertere Perspektive auf die laufenden Prozesse des Industriewandels im Mitteleuropa als in der vorhandenen Literatur erforderlich ist

COVID-19 and European Industry: Global Shocks, Local Shocks and Value-Chain Restructuring

How the complex value-chain structures in European manufacturing sectors will absorb the wave of economic disruption

Energy Linearity and Resolution of the ATLAS Electromagnetic Barrel Calorimeter in an Electron Test-Beam

A module of the ATLAS electromagnetic barrel liquid argon calorimeter was exposed to the CERN electron test-beam at the H8 beam line upgraded for precision momentum measurement. The available energies of the electron beam ranged from 10 to 245 GeV. The electron beam impinged at one point corresponding to a pseudo-rapidity of eta=0.687 and an azimuthal angle of phi=0.28 in the ATLAS coordinate system. A detailed study of several effects biasing the electron energy measurement allowed an energy reconstruction procedure to be developed that ensures a good linearity and a good resolution. Use is made of detailed Monte Carlo simulations based on Geant which describe the longitudinal and transverse shower profiles as well as the energy distributions. For electron energies between 15 GeV and 180 GeV the deviation of the measured incident electron energy over the beam energy is within 0.1%. The systematic uncertainty of the measurement is about 0.1% at low energies and negligible at high energies. The energy resolution is found to be about 10% sqrt(E) for the sampling term and about 0.2% for the local constant term

Platform lobbying: Policy influence strategies and the EU's Digital Services Act

This paper examines how platform companies seek to lobby and otherwise influence policymakers during heated regulatory episodes. While there has been some valuable recent work on different policy influence strategies deployed by platform firms, in particular the emerging use of “user-facing” tactics of consumer mobilisation, current research tends to neglect the role of specific institutional contexts and related power structures intermediating the exertion of business power. Developing an institutionally situated approach, we offer an analysis of platform policy influence during the Digital Services Act (DSA) negotiations in the EU from 2019-2022. Through an analysis of political science literature on business power and interest group politics, we outline five strategies of corporate policy influence (access lobbying, coalition building, stakeholder mobilisation, public relations, and funding). Drawing on freedom of information requests, the EU Transparency register, and civil society watchdog reporting, we then provide an analysis of how platform firms sought to influence EU policymakers through these strategies around the DSA