Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Toxicidade de herbicidas utilizados na cultura da cana-de-açúcar à bactéria diazotrófica Herbaspirillum seropedicae

The objective of this work was to identify herbicides used in the sugarcane crop that affects neither the growth, the development, of nor the process of biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) by the diazotrophic bacterium Herbaspirillum seropedicae. Eighteen herbicides (paraquat, ametryne, tebuthiuron, amicarbazone, diuron, metribuzin, [hexazinone + diuron], [hexazinone + clomazone], clomazone, isoxaflutole, sulfentrazone, oxyfluorfen, imazapic, imazapyr, [trifloxysulfuron sodium + ametryne], glyphosate, MSMA e 2,4-D) were tested in their respective commercial doses regarding their impact on the growth of the bacteria in liquid medium DIGs. For this, we determined the duration of lag phase, generation time and maximum cell density of H. seropedicae, calculated from optical density data obtained at regular intervals during the incubation of cultures for 33 h at 32oC. We also evaluated the impact of herbicides on nitrogenase activity of H. seropedicae grown in semi-solid N-free JNFb medium. The effects of herbicides on the growth variables and the ARA were compared with the untreated control by Dunnett test. A completely randomized design was used. The herbicides paraquat, imazapyr, ametryne, glyphosate and oxyfluorfen inhibited the growth of H. seropedicae in vitro. Ametryne, oxyfluorfen and glyphosate caused a small reduction in the duration of the lag phase of diazotrophic bacteria H. seropedicae. Oxyfluorfen, ametryne and imazapyr resulted in increased the generation time by H. seropedicae. Glyphosate promoted drastic reduction in biological nitrogen fixation in vitro by H. seropedicae. The other tested herbicides did not affect the growth or the same BNF by H. seropedicae.Objetivou-se nesse trabalho identificar herbicidas utilizados na cultura da cana-de-açúcar que não afetam o crescimento, o desenvolvimento, ou que não causem prejuízos à capacidade de fixação biológica de nitrogênio (FBN) da bactéria diazotrófica Herbaspirillum seropedicae. Dezoito herbicidas (paraquat, ametryne, tebuthiuron, amicarbazone, diuron, metribuzin, [hexazinone + diuron], [hexazinone + clomazone], clomazone, isoxaflutole, sulfentrazone, oxyfluorfen, imazapic, imazapyr, [trifloxysulfuron sodium + ametryne], glyphosate, MSMA e 2,4-D) foram testados em suas respectivas doses comerciais quanto ao impacto sobre os parâmetros de crescimento da bactéria em meio líquido DIGs. Os parâmetros analisados foram a duração da fase lag, tempo de geração e densidade celular máxima, calculados a partir de dados de densidade ótica obtidos, em intervalos regulares, durante a incubação de culturas por 33 h, a 32oC. Também foi avaliado o impacto dos herbicidas na atividade da nitrogenase de H. seropedicae cultivada em meio semi-sólido JNFb livre de N. Os efeitos dos herbicidas sobre os parâmetros de crescimento e sobre a atividade de redução do acetileno (ARA) foram comparados ao tratamento controle pelo teste de Dunnett, sendo utilizado o delineamento inteiramente casualizado. Os herbicidas paraquat, imazapyr, ametryne, glyphosate e oxyfluorfen inibiram o crescimento de H. seropedicae in vitro. Os herbicidas ametryne, oxyfluorfen e glyphosate ocasionaram pequena redução na duração da fase lag da bactéria diazotrófica H. seropedicae. Os herbicidas oxyfluorfen, ametryne e imazapyr acarretaram aumento no tempo de geração de H. seropedicae. O herbicida glyphosate promoveu redução drástica na fixação biológica de nitrogênio in vitro de H. seropedicae. Os demais herbicidas avaliados não afetaram os parâmetros de crescimento ou mesmos a FBN de H. seropedicae

Produção de conhecimento sobre a Rede de Atenção às Urgências e Emergências: protocolo de scoping review

Revisão de escopo para mapear a produção de conhecimento acerca da Rede de Atenção às Urgências e Emergências – RUE. A busca pelos estudos será realizada nas seguintes bases de dados: : LILACS - Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde, MEDLINE - Literatura Internacional em Ciências da Saúde e SciELO - Scientific Electronic Library Online. A literatura cinzenta será consultada utilizando Portal periódicos CAPES. Os resultados das buscas serão importados para o software Rayyan - AI Powered Tool for Systematic Literature Reviews, que auxiliará na eliminação de duplicatas e na triagem de títulos e resumos. O processo de triagem dos estudos será dividido em fases. A fase I corresponde a eliminação de duplicatas; na fase II ocorrerá a leitura de títulos e resumos, que será realizada por dois revisores de forma independente e será realizado, caso necessário, o cálculo do Coeficiente Kappa de Cohen (8) apresentando a seguinte classificação: 0 - 0,20, nenhum; 0,21 – 0,39, mínimo; 0,40 – 0,59, fraco; 0,60 – 0,79, moderado; 0,80 – 0,90 forte; acima de 90, quase perfeito, e na fase III leitura completa do artigo. A lista de referências de estudos elegíveis será verificada para identificar estudos potenciais que não foram identificados anteriormente, por meio do rastreamento de citações. Os estudos selecionados serão rigorosamente analisados e a extração e gestão dos dados serão tabulados. Todas as etapas serão realizadas por dois revisores independentes e cegos. Para a análise dos dados será utilizado métodos quantitativos (análise de frequências) e qualitativos (análise temática) com o apoio do software IRAMUTEQ. Uma tabela descritiva agrupará todas essas informações

Desempenho de bovinos confinados alimentados com dietas à base de farelo de algodão, uréia ou amiréia

O objetivo deste experimento foi avaliar o desempenho de bovinos em confinamento alimentados com rações suplementadas com concentrados protéicos à base de farelo de algodão (AL), uréia (UR) ou amiréia (AM), tendo como volumoso silagem de milho. O confinamento teve duração de 80 dias. As rações foram compostas mantendo a proporção volumoso:concentrado no nível de 63:37, com aproximadamente 13% PB. Não se constataram diferenças quanto ao ganho de peso diário (GDP) durante o período experimental total entre os tratamentos AL, UR ou AM (1,14; 1,17; e 1,23 kg/anim. dia), ou na ingestão de MS em % PV (2,63; 2,60; e 2,60% PV), em g/kg0,75 dia (136,19; 134,74; e 134,81) ou kg/anim. dia (9,42; 9,35; e 9,40), respectivamente. Os valores de ingestão de PB foram de 1,28; 1,24; e 1,34 kg de PB/anim. dia e de 18,54; 17,86; e 19,24 g/kg0,75 dia para os tratamentos AL, UR ou AM, não diferindo entre si. Valores obtidos para conversão alimentar da matéria seca foram de 8,41; 8,01; e 7,67 kg MSI/kg GPD e para conversão protéica, 1,15; 1,06; e 1,09 kg PBI/kg GPD, respectivamente, para os tratamentos AL, UR e AM, que foram semelhantes.The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the performance of feedlot beef cattle fed diets supplemented with protein concentrate based on cottonseed meal (CSM) urea (UR) or starea (ST), using corn silage as forage. The feedlot period was 80 days. The diets were constituted maintaining the forage:concentrate proportion in the 63:37 level, with nearly 13% CP. No difference was observed in daily weight gain during the experimental period among the CSM, UR or ST treatments (1.14, 1.17, and 1.23 Kg/anim day) or in the dry matter intakes in % LW (2.63, 2.60, and 2.60), g/kg0.75 day (136.19, 134.74, and 134.81) or kg/anim. day (9.42, 9.35, and 9.40), respectively. The CP intakes values were 1.28, 1.24, and 1.34 kg of CP/anim. day and 18.54, 17.86, and 19.24 g/kg.75 day for the CMS, UR or ST treatments and they did not differ among each other. Values of feed:gain ratios obtained for dry matter were 8.41, 8.01, and 7.67 kg DMI/kg DWG and for the protein:gain ratios, 1.15, 1.06, and 1.09 kg CPI / Kg DWG, respectively, for the CPM, UR and ST treatments, that were similar

Efeito do peso inicial dos pintos e do período da dieta pré-inicial sobre o desempenho de frangos de corte Effect of one-day chicks weight and pre-starter diets on broiler performance

O presente trabalho foi conduzido com o objetivo de avaliar o uso de dietas pré-iniciais, por diferentes períodos, para frangos de corte criados a partir de pintos com diferentes pesos ao primeiro dia. No aviário experimental da Escola de Veterinária da UFG, 280 pintos de um dia foram distribuídos, em baterias aquecidas, em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com seis tratamentos e quatro repetições de doze aves, em um esquema fatorial 2 x 3 (peso do pinto, maior e menor que 40g, e programas de fornecimento de ração pré-inicial, 1 a 7, 1 a 10 e 1 a 14 dias). O desempenho dos pintos não foi influenciado pelo período de fornecimento das dietas, mas o peso dos pintos no alojamento influenciou o consumo de ração das aves. Não foi observado efeito dos tratamentos no consumo de nutrientes para o período de fornecimento da dieta pré-inicial, mas os pintos com menor peso no alojamento proporcionaram menor consumo de nutrientes e de energia. Com base nos resultados obtidos, é possível concluir que peso do pinto inferior a 40 g influencia uma redução significativa no consumo e mostra uma tendência de pior peso dos frangos ao final do experimento. Os parâmetros morfométricos avaliados não foram afetados pelos tratamentos.<br>This research was carried out to evaluate the use of pre-starter diets, through different periods to broilers with different first day weights. Two hundred and eighty one-day old chicks were allotted in brooded battery cages, in a completely randomized design, with six treatments and four replicates in a factorial design 2 x 3, (chicks weight - higher or lower than 40 g, and pre-starter periods of feeding, 1 to 7; 1 to 10 and 1 to 14 days). The performance was not influenced by pre-starter diets periods, but the first-day weight of chicks reduced feed intake and live weight at 42 days of age. For energy and nutrient intake no effect was observed for pre-starter periods, but for the light chicks, the values of consumption were lower than heavier ones for all nutrients and energy. It is possible to conclude that chicks with less than 40 grams one-day weight influenced the reduction in feed intake and the weight gain. For the measures of the different relationship among the inside organs no differences were observed