Estimativa do potencial de produção de biomassa lenhosa residual nas sub-regiões terras de Trás-os-Montes e Aveiro

Com o propósito de avaliar o potencial de produção de biomassa anual, fez-se uso de modelação estatística com base nos dados da Carta de Uso e Ocupação do Solo (COS2018) e do 5º Inventário Florestal Nacional para simular o crescimento e a produção de pinheiro-bravo na sub-região Terras de Trás-os-Montes (30,02% da ocupação florestal) e eucalipto na sub-região Aveiro (77,24%) em diferentes cenários de gestão e produtividade. Foi desenvolvido um programa (Stochastic Forest Simulator) cujo código base advém do software AppTitude®, tendo incorporado as equações do FlorNext® para pinheiro-bravo e do modelo GLOBULUS 3.0 para eucalipto. Os cenários de pinheiro-bravo foram definidos a partir do Programa Regional de Ordenamento Florestal de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro e para o eucalipto foram construídos cenários com base nas variáveis utilizadas nos modelos GLOBULUS 3.0. A conversão do volume em biomassa se deu através da massa específica das espécies e a biomassa residual considerando 28% do volume para o pinheiro-bravo e 25% do volume para o eucalipto. Os valores mais elevados de biomassa residual potencial do povoamento em pé de pinheiro-bravo foram obtidos nos cenários onde não houve aplicação de desbastes, sendo a maior produção no cenário 16 com 1.051.833,33Mg ao final do período de 50 anos das simulações. A biomassa residual média para o povoamento em pé no primeiro ano representou 11,3% do consumo anual estimado de 2.294.000Mg de biomassa no país. Os cenários sem desbastes também apresentaram os maiores valores de biomassa residual de cortes finais (CV=1,27%). Para os resíduos de desbastes os maiores resultados foram observados nas intervenções de desbaste forte e vários períodos, com média de 261,75Mg no primeiro ano e 3.600,65Mg no último ano simulado. O cenário de maior produção em biomassa residual potencial em pé para eucalipto gerou 699.417,97Mg (0,794Mg/m3) e 409.608,76Mg (0,465Mg/m3). A maior biomassa residual em cortes finais do eucalipto para o fim do período de simulação foi de 3.317.022,67Mg e 1.942.588,84Mg para as duas massas específicas consideradas. A biomassa residual em pé de eucalipto correspondeu a 60,7% (maior massa específica) ou 35,5% (menor massa específica) do consumo nacional no primeiro ano das simulações e a média anual de biomassa residual de cortes finais a 12,5% (maior massa específica) ou 7,3% (menor massa específica).With the purpose of evaluating the potential of annual biomass production, statistical modeling was used based on Land Use and Land Cover (COS2018) and 5th National Forest Inventory data to simulate yield and growth of maritime pine in Terras de Trás-os-Montes sub-region (30.02% of forest occupation) and eucalyptus in the Aveiro sub-region (77.24% of forest area) under different scenarios. A program (Stochastic Forest Simulator) was developed, where its base code comes from the AppTitude® software, having incorporated the equations of FlorNext® for maritime pine and the model GLOBULUS 3.0 for eucalyptus. The scenarios for maritime pine were built based in the Regional Forest Management Program of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro and for eucalyptus scenarios were built based on the variables used in the GLOBULUS 3.0 models. The conversion of the volume into biomass occurred through the especific mass of the species and the residual biomass considering 28% of the volume for maritime pine and 25% of the volume for eucalyptus. The highest values of potential residual biomass from the stand of maritime pine were obtained in scenarios where there was no application of thinning, with the highest production in scenario 16 with 1.051.833,33Mg at the end of the 50-year period of the simulations. The average residual biomass for the standing population in the first year represented 11,3% of the estimated annual consumption of 2.294.000Mg of biomass in the country. The scenarios without thinning also showed the highest residual biomass values of final cuts (CV = 1,27%). For thinning residues, the greatest results were observed in strong thinning interventions and several periods, with an average of 261,75Mg in the first year and 3.600,65Mg in the last simulated year. The scenario of higher potential residual biomass production for eucalyptus generated 699.417,97Mg (0,794Mg/ 3) and 409.608,76Mg (0,465Mg/m3). The highest residual biomass in final eucalyptus cuts at the end of the simulation period was 3.317.022,67Mg and 1.942.588,84Mg for the two especific mass considered. The residual biomass in standing eucalyptus corresponds to 60,7% (higher especific mass) or 35,5% (lower especific mass) of national consumption in the first year of the simulations and the annual average of residual biomass from final cuts to 12,5% (higher especific mass) or 7,3% (lower especific mass)

Sheep grazing patterns for better land management: adjusting GPS tracking protocol

Small ruminant livestock systems in northeast Portugal are an extensive activity based on daily grazing paths across the landscape. The flocks use multiple patches of multiple land cover types in different ways throughout the year. Shepherd and flock interactions determine the resting and feeding spots utilized by sheep and goats according to the biotic and abiotic conditions. Information about the herding home range is central to managing the land use and vegetation cover and optimizing sheep and goats' productivity in traditional systems. This study's main objective is to contribute to calibrate a shepherding GPS protocol to monitor sheep flocks based on fieldwork in Vimieiro (Mirandela) on a protected area of the European Natura 2000 network. We answer two farmers' and breeders' requests for using GPS collars to monitor the landscape usage by sheep: (1) How closely do collared sheep remain within the flock? (2) How do the collars perform on different logging frequencies to estimate patch occupancy? We analyzed the grazing paths based on three collars' 5-minute GPS positions from winter to summer solstices. We investigated the differences in extent, duration, and frequency data of each collar throughout the season change based on spatial regressions. Results show no significant differences among the three collars ranges. It also indicates that positions collected every 15 and 30 minutes could be adequate. It means that a flock monitoring low cost can be generalized, providing accurate information to manage the pastoral territory and increase the small ruminant's productivity.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Startups: aspectos jurídicos relevantes

- Divulgação dos SUMÁRIOS das obras recentemente incorporadas ao acervo da Biblioteca Ministro Oscar Saraiva do STJ. Em respeito à Lei de Direitos Autorais, não disponibilizamos a obra na íntegra.- Localização na estante: 347.72(81) S796a- Organizado por: Eduardo Moretti e Leandro Antônio Godoy Oliveira

A influência da common law no sistema jurídico brasileiro: os princípios garantidores da compatibilidade da súmula vinculante com o sistema pátrio

TCC(graduação) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. Centro de Ciências Jurídicas. Direito.O presente trabalho traça um panorama da aproximação entre os dois grandes sistemas jurídicos contemporâneos, destacando as origens históricas e características principais da civil law e da common law. A ordem jurídica brasileira orienta-se, principalmente, com base no direito codificado na lei, tendo em vista as fortes influências do sistema romano-germânico da civil law, ao passo que a common law tem como diretriz essencial o precedente judicial. A transformação e adaptação do ordenamento pátrio acabaram por aproximar esses dois sistemas, introduzindo o instituto do precedente judicial com força vinculante e obrigatória, com o objetivo de garantir a efetiva aplicação dos princípios da efetividade processual, da celeridade e da segurança jurídica. A Súmula Vinculante surge como artifício para concretizar a influência do sistema anglo-saxão no Brasil, servindo para diminuir a morosidade judicial, adicionar previsibilidade às decisões judiciais além de preservar o direito à justiça garantido aos jurisdicionados

A extensão do dever de revelação do árbrito no Brasil e a sua responsabilização civil em caso de violação

Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências Jurídicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Direito, Florianópolis, 2016Esta dissertação apresenta a importância do árbitro para a arbitragem e os deveres que esse assume quando aceita participar de um procedimento arbitral. Ao dever de revelação, previsto no artigo 14, §1º da Lei nº 9.307/96, é conferida especial atenção por se tratar de regra de cuidado que deve ser respeitada pelo árbitro antes, durante e após o encerramento da arbitragem, pois reflete na sua imparcialidade e independência. A partir dessa introdução, o trabalho busca definir a extensão do dever de revelação, apresentando o enfoque que os códigos de éticas e regimentos internos das instituições arbitrais dão a essa obrigação, destacando também os deveres da imparcialidade e independência do árbitro. Ademais, são apresentadas as guidelines da International Bar Association, explicando-se a sua natureza e aplicabilidade nas arbitragens internacionais e domésticas. Na segunda parte do trabalho é exposta a teoria da responsabilidade civil no Direito Romano, e a evolução desse instituto no ordenamento brasileiro, com destaque para a possibilidade de condenação do Estado em decorrência de atos ilícitos jurisdicionais. Aborda-se a aplicação análoga da teoria da responsabilidade civil do juiz ao árbitro, ressalvando as diferenças entre o processo judicial e o processo arbitral. Definida a extensão do dever de revelação e a forma como deve o árbitro ser responsabilizado por violação culposa ou dolosa do dever de revelação, com destaque para quando essa infração resulta na prolação de sentença arbitral nula e que cause danos à alguma das partes. Abstract : This paper analyses the importance of the arbitrator for arbitration and the duties that the arbitrator takes when accept to participate in an arbitration procedure. The duty of disclosure, which is written in the Article 14, § 1 of Law nº 9,307/96, deserves an special attention because it is a care rule that must be respected by the arbitrator before, during and after the conclusion of the arbitration, because it reflects in the impartiality and independence of the arbitrator. From this introduction, the work seeks to define the extent of the duty of disclosure, focusing in what the ethical codes and internal rules of arbitral institutions says about this duty and about preserving the impartiality and independence of the arbitrator. In addition, the guidelines of the International Bar Association are presented, explaining its nature and applicability in domestic and international arbitrations. In the second part is exposed the liability theory in Roman law, and the evolution of this institute in the Brazilian system, highlighting the possibility of state condemnation due to constitutional torts. Deals with the analogous application of the theory of civil responsibility of the judge to the arbitrator, pointing out the differences between the lawsuit and the arbitration procedure. Defined the extent of the duty of disclosure and how the arbitrator may be liable for negligent or intentional breach of the duty of disclosure, particularly when it results in the delivery of null award and to cause damage to either party

La influencia de la neurociencia en ejecución de la pena desde el fin resocializador

The social reintegration is one of the ends of the penalty that has been causing the greatest concern in the doctrine, the criminal policy and the society in general, during the last years; The ineffectiveness of the programs being carried out in the current prison system entails to the continued recurrence of crime. that prisons become not centers of re- socialization but specialized schools of crime. For this reason, in this article we intend to reflect on the influence that neurosciences could have on the prison system with regard to the execution of the sentence from the resocializing goal; This, taking into account its advantages and disadvantages.La resocialización es uno de los fines de la pena que mayor preocupación viene causando en la doctrina, la política criminal y la sociedad en general, durante los últimos años; la ineficacia de los programas que se adelantan en el sistema penitenciario actual conlleva a la continua reincidencia del delito; a que las prisiones se conviertan no en centros de resocialización sino en escuelas especializadas del crimen. Por tal motivo, en este artículo pretendemos reflexionar acerca de la influencia que pudieran tener las neurociencias en el sistema penitenciario en lo que respecta a la ejecución de la pena desde el fin resocializador; ello, atendiendo a sus ventajas y desventajas

Semen Cryopreservation in Brazilian Freshwater Fish: Advances and Main Challenges

Studies on semen cryopreservation in Brazilian freshwater fish have been growing in number of publications and investigated species. Despite this apparent increase in research, standardization of cryoprotocols is still missing, making it clear that the grounds on the quality of cryopreserved semen has not yet reached a level that guarantee satisfactory results for its replication. This chapter aims to make a critical and reflective analysis on the ways cryopreservation of freshwater fish semen has been conducted in Brazil. The difficulties in standardizing protocols, broodstock, and selection of genetically superior animals; the barriers in transferring technology from laboratory benches to the field and make feasible the use of cryopreserved semen on a commercial scale; the formation of germplasm banks and the responsible use of cryopreserved material are also discussed. We have no intention to point out the successes and mistakes that may have been committed in pursuing development of cryopreservation protocols, but a reflection on the future directions considering what should be pondered on this subject with objectivity and scientific consolidation

Acúmulo e participação de macronutrientes em plantas de pimentão fertirrigadas

Information on nutrient demand during each growth stage is essential for efficient application of nutrients. A pot experiment was carried out with a Typic Hapludox under greenhouse conditions in Botucatu, SP, Brazil, aiming was to determine nutrient uptake and partition of sweet pepper plants, cultivar Elisa in randomized block design with four replications. The fertigation was simulated through 2-L PET bottles (neck down with a tube and a flow regulator at the end, simulating a drip irrigation system). Four plants per replication were collected at eight growth stages (0, 20, 40, 60, 80, 100, 120 and 140 days after the seedling transplant - DAT). The period of largest extraction of nutrients for the plant occurred from 120 to 140 DAT, which coincides with the highest accumulation of dry phytomass. The highest Mg and Ca accumulation occurred in the leaves, while N, K, S and P were mostly accumulated in the fruits. Only 8 to 13% of the total amount of the accumulated macronutrientes at 140 DAT were absorbed up to the 60th DAT. Between the 61st and 100th DAT, K was the most absorbed macronutrient (60% of the macronutrients accumulated during the whole cycle). P, Ca and S were the most absorbed nutrients at the end of the cycle. Considering rates (g per plant), the most absorbed macronutrients were: N (6.6) >; K (6.4) >; Ca (2.6) >; Mg (1.3) >; S (1.1) >; P (0.7).A demanda de nutrientes em cada etapa do crescimento de uma planta é uma informação essencial para que se possa aplicar os nutrientes de forma mais eficiente. Com objetivo de determinar a marcha de absorção e a partição de macronutrientes em plantas de pimentão cultivar Elisa foi conduzido um experimento em vasos de 29 dm³ contendo um Latossolo Vermelho aluminoférrico sob condições de cultivo protegido em Botucatu, SP em delineamento experimental em blocos ao acaso com quatro repetições. A fertirrigação foi simulada utilizando garrafas (2 L) com uma mangueira e um controlador de vazão na extremidade.Foram coletadas quatro plantas por repetição, em oito épocas (0, 20, 40, 60, 80, 100, 120, e 140 dias após o transplantio das mudas DAT). O período de maior extração de nutrientes pela planta ocorreu de 120 aos 140 DAT coincidindo com o maior acúmulo de fitomassa seca. O maior acúmulo de Mg e Ca ocorreu nas folhas, enquanto, N, K, S e o P foram mais acumulados nos frutos. Apenas 8 a 13% da quantidade total dos macronutrientes acumulados em 140 DAT foram absorvidos até os 60 DAT. Dos 61 aos 100 DAT o K foi o macronutriente mais absorvido (60% do total acumulado no ciclo); P, Ca e S foram mais absorvidos no final do ciclo. Os macronutrientes mais absorvidos foram, em g por planta: N (6,6) >; K (6,4) >; Ca (2,6) >; Mg (1,3) >; S (1,1) >; P (0,7)

Temporal overlap and co-occurrence in a guild of sub-tropical tephritid fruit flies

Studies of community assembly have emphasized snapshot comparisons of spatially replicated samples from natural assemblages. Agro-ecosystems are characterized by relatively little habitat heterogeneity and no dispersal barriers for actively flying insects. Therefore, dynamic patterns of species segregation and aggregation are more likely to reflect the direct or indirect effects of species interactions. We studied the temporal organization of a guild of 21 congeneric species of Anastrepha that colonized fruit orchards in Monte Alegre do Sul, São Paulo, Brazil. This assemblage also included the introduced Mediterranean fruit fly Ceratitis capitata. One hundred six consecutive weekly censuses (11 Jan 2002-16 Jan 2004) of flies in guava, loquat, and peach orchards revealed a pattern of minimum abundance during the coldest months of each year (June and July) and a maximum abundance during periods of flowering and fruit ripening. Overall, phenological overlap was greater than expected by chance. However, conditioned on the pattern of seasonal abundances, temporal occurrence and abundance matrices exhibited patterns of significant species segregation and anti-nestedness. In each year, the 3 orchards contained a small number of species pairs that exhibited statistically significant temporal segregation or aggregation. Most aggregated and segregated pairs reflected seasonal shifts in species presences that were not related to variation in air temperature. Most of the significant pairwise associations involved C. capitata: 8 of the 11 segregated pairs and 2 of the 7 aggregated pairs. These results suggest that species interactions between introduced and native species can be an important determinant of species associations in agro-ecosystems

Structuring functional groups of aquatic insects along the resistance/resilience axis when facing water flow changes

Understanding how differences in intensity and frequency of hydrological disturbances affect the resistance and resilience of aquatic organisms is key to manage aquatic systems in a fast-changing world. Some aquatic insects have strategies that improve the permanence (resistance), while others use strategies that favor recolonization (resilience). Therefore, we carried out a manipulative experiment to understand the influence of functional characteristics of aquatic insects in their permanence and recolonization against hydrological disturbances in streams in the biodiversity hotspot of the Cerrado of Brazil. We placed 200 artificial substrates in five streams and submitted them to changing water flow regimes that differed both in frequency and intensity, and we observed the response of the aquatic community for 39 days. We used a hierarchical Bayesian approach to estimate the probabilities of permanence and recolonization of each life strategy group (nine groups). We observed that the most intense changes in the water flow tended to affect the permanence of almost all groups, but the intensity of this effect reduced over time. On the other hand, less frequent disturbances, regardless of intensity, tended to reduce the permanence of most groups of aquatic insects over time. The different effects of disturbance intensity may have been related to a greater recolonization capacity of some groups. The results we present are worrisome in a scenario of reduced riparian vegetation around streams and with the expectation of precipitation becoming more concentrated in shorter periods of time due to climate change in the Cerrado hotspot, reducing the occurrence of many groups of aquatic insects in their habitat, particularly those with traits associated with resistance against hydrological disturbance