Characteristics of meat, pet, and research rabbit farms in Brazil: An overview based on twelve farms

[EN] Rabbit production has great growth potential in a country where animal production is very important. However, there is little data about this industry in Southern and Southeast Brazil. The aim of this study was to describe Brazilian rabbit farms that provide meat, pets and animals for learning or research. Three pet farms, four meat farms and five research rabbit farms were visited, and the production and farm characteristics data were collected between June 2018 and March 2019. A total of 1170 rabbits and 617 cages were evaluated. Most farms had 21 to 60 (58.3%) does. Considering all farms, the farmers reported an average rate of conception of 71.8%, prolificacy rate of 6.7 kits per parturition, average interval between parturitions of 65 d and 6.3 parturitions/doe yr. The mean mortality rate for breeding rabbits was 10.4%, compared to 1.7% for growing rabbits (rabbits post-weaning until slaughter or sale). The average area of a cage was 0.43±0.1 m², with an average stocking density for growing rabbits of 3 rabbits/m². The most common cage system used by farmers was a flat-deck (66.7% of farms) system with a wire cage (91.7%). Metal (41.7%) and clay (33.3%) feeders were the most common types of feeders, and automatic nipple drinkers were present in 75% of the farms. Dirt accumulation was observed in 11.2% of the cages and 5.7% of the drinkers, but not in feeders. A total of 4.1% of the cages were considered unsafe, and 0.8% had problems with the drinkers. The farms studied ranged from small to medium in size, used an extensive reproductive rhythm and followed basic production techniques. Animal health and management aspects need to be reviewed by the farmer if the rabbit production conditions are to improve.: This study was financed in part by the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior – Brazil (CAPES) – Finance Code 001. 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Cunicult., 13: 27-45. http://www.rbc.acbc.org.br/images/Perfil_dos_cunicultores_PET.pd

QUIROGA PARA CRIANÇAS: ENSINANDO ESPANHOL ATRAVÉS DA LEITURA DO CONTO

Este trabalho tem como objetivo refletir sobre a inclusão e a valorização da literatura na aula de espanhol como língua estrangeira, principalmente em turmas do Ensino Fundamental I. Durante o segundo semestre do ano de 2012, realizamos uma pesquisa com alunos do 2° ano do Ensino Fundamental I em uma escola na cidade de João Pessoa, Paraíba. Para tornar possível nossa pesquisa, utilizamos como base teórica alguns escritores, tais como Cândido (2004), Zilberman (2008), Cuesta (2006), Cosson (2007), Eres Fernández e Flávian (2008). Esses escritores discutem sobre a importância da leitura literária na sala de aula e trazem algumas sugestões de atividades com textos literários, que podem ser desenvolvidas com os alunos

COMPARISON BETWEEN ABSOLUTE AND RELATIVE POSITIONAL ACCURACY ASSESSMENT - A CASE STUDY APPLIED TO DIGITAL ELEVATION MODELS

This paper presents a comparative study between the absolute and relative methods for altimetric positional accuracy of Digital Elevation Models (DEM). For the theoretical basis of this research, the definitions of accuracy (exactness) and precision, as well the concepts related to absolute and relative positional accuracy were explored. In the case study, the Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) and the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) DEM were used. In the analysis of the absolute accuracy, 6,568 ground control points from GNSS orbital survey were used, collected through relative-static method. In the relative accuracy, it was used as reference DEM with spatial resolution of 5 meters generated by stereophotogrammetrical process for the Mapping Project of Bahia (Brazil). It was concluded that, once the accuracy of the reference DEM is better than the other two evaluated DEM, the results of the classification for the PEC-PCD for the relative evaluation are equal to or better than the absolute evaluation results, with the advantage to being able to verify the pixel population of the evaluated models, which makes it possible to identify outliers, distortions and displacements, including delimiting regions, which is much less likely with a limited set of control pointsThis paper presents a comparative study between the absolute and relative methods for altimetric positional accuracy of Digital Elevation Models (DEM). For the theoretical basis of this research, the definitions of accuracy (exactness) and precision, as well the concepts related to absolute and relative positional accuracy were explored. In the case study, the Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) and the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) DEM were used. In the analysis of the absolute accuracy, 6,568 ground control points from GNSS orbital survey were used, collected through relative-static method. In the relative accuracy, it was used as reference DEM with spatial resolution of 5 meters generated by stereophotogrammetrical process for the Mapping Project of Bahia (Brazil). It was concluded that, once the accuracy of the reference DEM is better than the other two evaluated DEM, the results of the classification for the PEC-PCD for the relative evaluation are equal to or better than the absolute evaluation results, with the advantage to being able to verify the pixel population of the evaluated models, which makes it possible to identify outliers, distortions and displacements, including delimiting regions, which is much less likely with a limited set of control point

RESENHA DO ARTIGO “AUGUSTO COMTE E ÉMILE DURKHEIM: UMA SOCIOLOGIA ‘APAZIGUADORA’”

This is a review of the article entitled “Choice of Course Work Theme in Undergraduate Law”. This is authored by: Jonas Rodrigo Gonçalves. The article reviewed here was published in the magazine “Revista Coleta Científica” no Ano V, Vol. V, n.9, jan.-jun., 2021”.Esta é uma resenha do artigo intitulado “Augusto Comte e Émile Durkheim: uma Sociologia ‘Apaziguadora’”. Este é de autoria de: Luís Augusto de Mola Guisard e Irineu Francisco Barreto Junior. O artigo aqui resenhado foi publicado na revista “Revista FMU Direito” no Ano 25, n.35, p.64-72, 2011

O ENSINO DE GEOGRAFIA MEDIADO PELA CATEGORIA “LUGAR”: a partir do saber tradicional da “panema”

The article is part of the results of the research that began in studies carried out in the Graduate Program in Education in Science Teaching in the Amazon, entitled “Traditional Knowledge and Science Teaching: a case study in the riverside community of Nossa Senhora Aparecida do Miriti – Parintins/Amazons”. The goals were to constitute the discussion of the idea of place category from the traditional knowledge related to “panema” as a form of micropower that gives meaning to the people who believe in it. The research took place through dialogues with the community's residents, based on the phenomenological investigation procedure and the results indicated that there is a possibility of alterity between these knowledges in the teaching of geographic science, also articulating the category Place nd expanding its concept as a form of micropower. It is concluded that the exercise of thinking about this category for the teaching of school geography does not mean abandoning scientific knowledge, but also understanding that there are other possibilities of dialoguing with the world beyond the definitions of Western ontology, while it becomes possible to understand how the people build their owns perceptions of the place of existence and of the life.O artigo faz parte dos resultados da pesquisa que iniciou nos estudos realizados no Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação em Ensino de Ciências na Amazônia, intitulada “Saberes Tradicionais e o Ensino de Ciências: um estudo de caso na comunidade ribeirinha Nossa Senhora Aparecida do Miriti – Parintins/Amazonas”, cujo objetivo consistiu na discussão da ideia de lugar a partir dos saberes tradicionais relativos à “panema” como uma forma de micropoder que atribui sentido para o povo que nele acredita. Ocorreu por meio da realização de diálogos como os moradores da comunidade, a partir do procedimento fenomenológico de investigação. Os resultados indicam que há possibilidade de alteridade entre estes saberes no ensino da ciência geográfica articulando à categoria Lugar, expandindo o seu conceito como uma forma de micropoder. Conclui-se que o exercício de pensar essa categoria para o ensino da geografia escolar não significa abandonar o conhecimento científico, mas compreender que existem outras possibilidades de dialogar com o mundo além das definições da ontologia ocidental, ao mesmo tempo que se torna possível entender como pessoas constroem suas percepções do lugar de existência e de vida

Growth suppression of sandspur grass by cover crops

Sandspur grass has hindered the integrated weed management in the Brazilian crop systems. This study aimed at evaluating the efficiency of biomass levels of different cover crops on the soil surface to control the sandspur grass. A complete randomized blocks design with four replications, in a 6 x 5 + 1 factorial arrangement, was used. The first factor consisted of six cover crops (Pennisetum glaucum-ADR 7010 and ADR 300 cultivars, Crotalaria ochroleuca, Urochloa ruziziensis, Fagopyrum tataricum and Crambe abyssinica) and the second one consisted of five biomass levels of each species (2 t ha-1, 4 t ha-1, 8 t ha-1, 12 t ha-1 and 16 t ha-1), plus a control treatment without soil cover. The variables analyzed were the total number of emerged plants, germination speed index, leaf area, root volume and shoot and root dry biomass. U. ruziziensis excelled in the suppression of C. echinatus growth by reducing the number of emerged plants, emergence speed index, shoot and root dry biomass, root volume and leaf area

Insectos acuáticos en hábitats orgánicos e inorgánicos de corrientes de las sabanas centro- brasileñas.

Una parte importante de los mecanismos que afectan la distribución de las especies está relacionada con las condiciones ambientales. Dentro de un canal de corriente la acumulación de sustratos como hojas, raíces, piedras, grava y arena crean hábitats que actúan como fuente de refugio y alimento para las diferentes espécies de las comunidades acuáticas, propiciando o no su establecimiento. Basado en este hecho, se estudió la estructura de las comunidades de insectos acuáticos en hábitats orgánicos e inorgánicos dentro de corrientes del bioma Cerrado. Se analizaron las diferencias en la riqueza de géneros (i), la abundancia individual (ii) y la composición de géneros (iii). Asimismo (iv) se verificó si existen bioindicadores específicos de hábitats orgánicos o inorgánicos. Se muestrearon substratos orgánicos (basura) e inorgánicos (arena y grava) en cinco estaciones de tres arroyos, recolectando individuos de los órdenes Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, Trichoptera, Odonata y Heteroptera (EPTOH). Se encontró que la composición de las comunidades difiere entre hábitats, ya que el substrato orgánico presenta mayor riqueza y abundancia, congéneros exclusivos (seis). Esta diferencia puede ser debida a la fuente de refugio y alimentación proporcionada por los substratos orgánicos

Cardboard and rubber objects as means of environmental enrichment for rabbits

[EN] Environmental enrichment improves rabbit welfare in rabbitries. Various toys for cats and dogs are commercially available, which are made of materials that could be safely used for rabbits as well. The objectives of this study were to evaluate whether cardboard and rubber materials could be used for environmental enrichment for rabbits. The study involved 42 adult New Zealand white rabbits (20 females and 22 males), randomly assigned to seven treatment groups: “C”, without object (control); “RB”, a solid rubber ball; “FT”, a fillable teether filled with hay; “CH”, a cardboard hole; “CS”, a piece of a cat scratcher; “CSC”, a piece of a cat scratcher with catnip; “CF”, an articulated cardboard fish. The behaviour of the rabbits and the percentage of destruction of the objects were recorded for 28 d. The normal behaviours of locomotion, rearing, stretching, stereotypies and sitting were not influenced by the treatments. Lying down was observed more frequently than the full stretched out position for resting. The FT-treatment group presented most behaviours of interaction (biting and sniffing) (P<0.05) as compared to RB, CSC, and CF-treatment groups. All the objects showed some level of destruction; the mean rates of destruction for CH, CS, CSC and CF were up to 40%, whereas those for FT and RB were under 30%. Taken together, the results suggest that cardboard and rubber materials can be used as means of environmental enrichment for rabbits.This study was financed in part by the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - Brasil (CAPES) - Finance Code 001. We thank the PUCPR for the scholarship and Petgames® for donation of the toys.Silva, KGD.; Stange, MG.; Pergorara, M.; Sotomaior, CS.; Weber, SH.; Borges, TD.; Costa, LB. (2021). Cardboard and rubber objects as means of environmental enrichment for rabbits. World Rabbit Science. 29(2):109-114. https://doi.org/10.4995/wrs.2021.14193OJS109114292Bayne K.A. 2003. Environmental enrichment of nonhuman primates, dogs and rabbits used in toxicology studies. Toxicol. Pathol., 31: 132-137. https://doi.org/10.1080/01926230390175020Berthelsen H., Hansen L.T. 1999. The effect of hay on the behavior of cages rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus). Anim. Welfare, 8: 149-157.Bozicovich T.F.M., Moura A.S.A.M.T., Fernandes S., Oliveira A.A., Siqueira E.R.S. 2016. Effect of environmental enrichment and composition of the social group on the behavior, welfare, and relative brain weight of growing rabbits. Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci., 182: 72-79. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applanim.2016.05.025Buseth M.E., Saunders R.A. 2018. Rabbit behavior, health and care. CABI, Boston, USA.Gunn D., Morton D.B. 1995. Inventory of New Zealand White rabbits in laboratory cages. Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci., 45: 277-292. https://doi.org/10.1016/0168-1591(95)00627-5Hansen L.T., Berthelsen H. 2000. The effect of environmental enrichment on the behaviour of caged rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus). Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci., 68: 163-178.https://doi.org/10.1016/s0168-1591(00)00093-9Harris L.D., Custer L.B., Soranaka E.T., Burge J.R., Ruble G.R. 2001. Evaluation of objects and food for environmental enrichment of NZW rabbits. J. Am. Assoc. Lab. Anim. Sci., 40: 27-30.Lang C., Weirich C., Hoy S. 2011. Frequency of occupation with different objects by growing rabbits under various conditions. J. Agr. Sci. Tech- Iran., 10: 1-9.Lidfors L. 1997. Behavioral effects of environmental enrichment for individually caged rabbits. Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci., 52: 157-169. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-1591(96)01141-0Poggiagliolmi S., Crowell-Davis S.L., Alworth L.C., Harvey S.B. 2011. Environmental enrichment of New Zealand White rabbits living in laboratory cages. J. Vet. Behav., 6: 343-350. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jveb.2010.12.001Princz Z., Orova Z., Nagy I., Jordan D., Stuhec I., Luzi F., Verga M., Szendrő Zs. 2007. Application of gnawing stick in rabbit housing. World Rabbit Sci., 15: 29-36. https://doi.org/10.4995/wrs.2007.607Rommers J.M., Bracke M.B.M., Reuvekamp B., Gunnink H., De Jong I.C. 2014. Cage enrichment: rabbit does prefer straw or a compressed wooden block. World Rabbit Sci. 22: 301-309. https://doi.org/10.4995/wrs.2014.135