Drama in the service of mathematics and social justice

In this essay, I argue that drama can be put in the service of mathematics education to promote social justice and human rights. The use of basic and simple theatre techniques in the classroom, in particular those involving mapping activities that bring people, land, and numbers together, can enhance the role that mathematics education plays in the fight for justice across the globe. In a world where ethnic cleansing, refugee and immigration chaos, and climate catastrophes are on the rise, human suffering is widespread. It affects 7 billion people worldwide, that is, 99 percent of the population living on planet Earth. Meanwhile, the combined wealth of the richest 1 percent will very likely overtake that of the other 99 percent of people in 2016. The numbers clearly show the situation is quickly getting worse, not better, by any global or local measure. What can we do? This article presents an introduction of a promising attempt sprouting worldwide at bringing mathematics and theatre together to promote a better understanding of the ways in which mathematics can be embodied, brought into our body and under our skin, in order to empower communities to make sense of the world we live in and help create it

Escrita e oralidade no Parque Indígena do Xingu: inserção na vida social e a percepção dos índios

O ensaio tem como objetivo "mostrar que a percepção e a inserção na vida social de povos 'agrafos' da escrita letrada, alfabética, vão depender da natureza de cada sociedade e da constituição do campo social em que está inserida". Em pesquisa desenvolvida com os povos do Parque Indígena do Xingu (período de 1980-1990), a autora verifica que a incorporação da escrita depende do tipo de contato que a sociedade indígena tem com a sociedade nacional. Diferentes posições de diversos autores (Jack Goody e Joanne Rappaport, entre outros) sobre as implicações da aquisição da escrita são discutidas, em uma avaliação crítica da literatura sobre o tema.The author analyses the importance and meaning of notions such as figurate representation, image, false appearence, identity for the "spirit" of the Ancient Greeks. This is made by a comparative study of the vocabulary associated to these notions and also by a debate with various authors that have already made this kind of work

Shaking the Hands of Our Mentors: Boal and Freire and Us

This collection of three personal narratives documents the ways in which a radical mathematics educator, a socially conscious but disillusioned theatre-maker, and a social activist seeking tools for change discovered the techniques of Pedagogy and Theatre of the Oppressed and met the wonderful men who developed them

A poética da fome na arte Guarani.

Drawings by Guarani Mbyá children at the turning of the millenium suggest that the Land-without-Evils may be a worldly reality. The barren and plagueful soil of the Indigenous Land Itaóca, at the southern coast of São Paulo, is transformed by young artists into a rich territory, full of plantation and fit for hunting. The proximity of the big garbage dump of Mongaguá, banana farms and the “Equality Cemetery”, where the Guarani search for food, work as slaves and prematurely bury their deads, is kept out of the illustrations. Sick and weakened children from the most numerous Indian group of Brazil (30.000) materialize in the illustrations in xandaro Guarani - warriors whose bodies encapsulated the essence of the mytical paradise, the ¿mortality. The aesthetic quality of the representations of the Guarani social life comes from the dimensions of an erring world which the children try to recreate and express through art. Whereas adults and elder people belive that famine and scarcity are necessary conditions for the passage to the Land-without-Evils, the newer generation proposes concrete changes to social order, including the acceptance of the comfort of the sedentary agriculture. If the sacred word, vital to the Guarani person, did not transmit, up to now, the dramatic effects of poverty and violence to the unsensitive Brazilian society, the young hope that visual signs of a poetic and idealized world may educate the people about their present aspirations.Desenhos produzidos por crianças Guarani Mbyá na virada do milênio sugerem que a Terra-sem-Males pode ser uma realidade mundana. O solo infértil e cheio de pragas da Terra Indígena Itaóca no litoral sul de São Paulo é transformado por jovens artistas em farto território, repleto de planta­ ções e caça. A proximidade do lixão de Mongaguá, fazendas de banana e Cemitério da Igualdade, onde os Guarani buscam restos de alimento, trabalham como escravos e enterram seus mortos prematuramente, é mantida fora das ilustrações. Crianças doentes e enfraquecidas do grupo indígena mais numeroso do Brasil (30.000) materializam-se nas ilustrações em xondaro Guarani - guerreiros cujos corpos captaram a essência do paraíso mítico, a imortalidade. A qualidade estética das representações da vida social Guarani advém das dimensões de um mundo errante que as crianças tentam recriar e expressar por meio da arte. Enquanto adultos e idosos acreditam que fome e escassez são condições necessárias para a passagem à Terra-sem-Males, a geração mais nova propõe mudanças concretas à ordem social, incluindo a aceitação do conforto da agricultura sedentária. Se a palavra sagrada, vital à pessoa Guarani, não transmitiu até hoje à insensível sociedade brasileira os efeitos dramáticos da pobreza e violência, os jovens esperam que sinais visuais de um mundo poético e idealizado possam educar o público sobre suas presentes aspirações

Cytogenetic characterization and evaluation of c-MYC gene amplification in PG100, a new Brazilian gastric cancer cell line

Gastric cancer is the fourth most frequent type of cancer and the second cause of cancer mortality worldwide. The genetic alterations described so far for gastric carcinomas include amplifications and mutations of the c-ERBB2, KRAS, MET, TP53, and c-MYC genes. Chromosomal instability described for gastric cancer includes gains and losses of whole chromosomes or parts of them and these events might lead to oncogene overexpression, showing the need for a better understanding of the cytogenetic aspects of this neoplasia. Very few gastric carcinoma cell lines have been isolated. The establishment and characterization of the biological properties of gastric cancer cell lines is a powerful tool to gather information about the evolution of this malignancy, and also to test new therapeutic approaches. The present study characterized cytogenetically PG-100, the first commercially available gastric cancer cell line derived from a Brazilian patient who had a gastric adenocarcinoma, using GTG banding and fluorescent in situ hybridization to determine MYC amplification. Twenty metaphases were karyotyped; 19 (95%) of them presented chromosome 8 trisomy, where the MYC gene is located, and 17 (85%) presented a deletion in the 17p region, where the TP53 is located. These are common findings for gastric carcinomas, validating PG100 as an experimental model for this neoplasia. Eighty-six percent of 200 cells analyzed by fluorescent in situ hybridization presented MYC overexpression. Less frequent findings, such as 5p deletions and trisomy 16, open new perspectives for the study of this tumor.Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Universidade Federal do Pará Instituto de Ciências Biológicas Laboratório de Citogenética HumanaUniversidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Disciplina de GenéticaUNIFESP, Disciplina de GenéticaCNPq: 20/2007CNPq: 550885/2007-2SciEL

Assessment of an aerobic granular sludge system in the presence of pharmaceutically active compounds by quantitative image analysis and chemometric techniques

In this study, a sequencing batch reactor (SBR) with aerobic granular sludge (AGS) was operated with synthetic wastewater containing environmental relevant concentrations of 17-estradiol (E2), 17-ethinylestradiol (EE2) and sulfamethoxazole (SMX). Despite the presence of the studied PhAC, the granular fraction clearly predominated (TSSgran/TSS ranging from 0.82 to 0.98) throughout the monitoring period, presenting aggregates with high organic fraction (VSS/TSS above 0.83) and good settling characteristics (SVI5 ranging from 15 to 39 mL/gTSS). A principal component analysis (PCA) with quantitative image analysis (QIA) based data allowed to distinguish the different operational periods, namely with mature granules (CONT), and the E2, EE2, and SMX feeding periods. It further revealed a positive relationship between the biomass density, sludge settling ability, overall and granular biomass contents, granulation properties, granular biomass fraction and large granules fraction and size. Moreover, a discriminant analysis (DA) allowed to successfully discriminate not only the different operational periods, mainly by using the floccular apparent density, granular stratification and contents data, but also the PhAC presence in samples. The filamentous bacteria contents, sludge settling properties, settling properties stability and granular stratification, structure and contents parameters were found to be crucial for that purpose.The authors thank the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) under the scope of the strategic funding of UIDB/04469/2020 unit and the project AGeNT - PTDC/BTA-BTA/31264/2017 (POCI-01-0145-FEDER-031264). We would also like to thank the scientific collaboration under the FCT project UIDB/50016/2020. The authors wish to thank the company Águas do Tejo Atlântico, S.A. for supplying the granules. Cristiano Leal is recipient of a fellowship supported by a doctoral advanced training (call NORTE-69-2015-15) funded by the European Social Fund under the scope of Norte2020 - Programa Operacional Regional do Norte. A. Val del Rio is supported by Xunta de Galicia (ED418B 2017/075) and program Iacobus (2018/2019). Daniela P. Mesquita and Cristina Quintelas thanks FCT for funding through program DL 57/2016 – Norma transitória. Cristiano Leal also thank to Renê Benevides for all the support during the experimental activities.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

CONTRIBUIÇÕES DA DISCIPLINA DIDÁTICA PARA A FORMAÇÃO EM SAÚDE COLETIVA: RELATO DE EXPERIÊNCIA

Objetivo: descrever as contribuições da disciplina Didática para a formação em saúde coletiva. Método: trata-se de um relato de experiência, do tipo descritivo, detalhado, no contexto da disciplina Didática, ministrada no segundo semestre de 2019, no Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde e Comunidade da Universidade Federal do Piauí. Para discussão, o relato possui duas partes: vivência e experiência com a disciplina Didática na pós-graduação e desafios da Didática para os profissionais da saúde. Resultados: a disciplina Didática permitiu a compreensão do processo pedagógico como multidimensional, proporcionando a ruptura da concepção da disciplina apenas como um conjunto de métodos instrumentais para a prática docente. Conclusão: a disciplina possibilitou o entendimento do complexo campo da Didática como um desafio para os profissionais de saúde coletiva e constituiu-se em componente importante na matriz curricular de formação desses profissionais.Descritores: Educação Superior. Saúde Pública. Docência. Educação em Saúde. Didática

Methylation status of ANAPC1, CDKN2A and TP53 promoter genes in individuals with gastric cancer

Gastric cancer is the forth most frequent malignancy and the second most common cause of cancer death worldwide. DNA methylation is the most studied epigenetic alteration, occurring through a methyl radical addition to the cytosine base adjacent to guanine. Many tumor genes are inactivated by DNA methylation in gastric cancer. We evaluated the DNA methylation status of ANAPC1, CDKN2A and TP53 by methylation-specific PCR in 20 diffuse- and 26 intestinal-type gastric cancer samples and 20 normal gastric mucosa in individuals from Northern Brazil. All gastric cancer samples were advanced stage adenocarcinomas. Gastric samples were surgically obtained at the João de Barros Barreto University Hospital, State of Pará, and were stored at -80°C before DNA extraction. Patients had never been submitted to chemotherapy or radiotherapy, nor did they have any other diagnosed cancer. None of the gastric cancer samples presented methylated DNA sequences for ANAPC1 and TP53. CDKN2A methylation was not detected in any normal gastric mucosa; however, the CDKN2A promoter was methylated in 30.4% of gastric cancer samples, with 35% methylation in diffuse-type and 26.9% in intestinal-type cancers. CDKN2A methylation was associated with the carcinogenesis process for ~30% diffuse-type and intestinal-type compared to non-neoplastic samples. Thus, ANAPC1 and TP53 methylation was probably not implicated in gastric carcinogenesis in our samples. CDKN2A can be implicated in the carcinogenesis process of only a subset of gastric neoplasias.Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)FINEP/CT-INFRAFAEPAUniversidade Federal do Piauí Colegiado de BiomedicinaUniversidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Escola Paulista de Medicina Departamento de MorfologiaUniversidade Federal do Pará Instituto de Ciências Biológicas Laboratório de Citogenética HumanaHospital João de Barros Barreto Serviço de CirurgiaInstituto de Investigaciones BiomedicasUniversidade de São Paulo Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto Departamento de GenéticaUNIFESP, EPM, Depto. de MorfologiaFINEP/CT-INFRA: 0927-03SciEL