Entre cinéisme et filmologie : Jean Epstein, la plaque tournante

Les préoccupations théoriques de Jean Epstein, après la Seconde Guerre mondiale, auraient pu en faire un compagnon de route idéal de la filmologie. Son itinéraire intellectuel croise d’ailleurs à cette époque en plusieurs endroits (édition, Idhec, production, etc.) celui de Gilbert Cohen-Séat. Mais cette proximité de pensée n’a jamais trouvé à se développer réellement, peut-être parce qu’Epstein a intégré un mouvement qui a pu apparaître comme concurrent de la filmologie : le cinéisme. L’article qui suit se propose de retracer l’histoire de ces rendez-vous manqués en même temps que celle de deux pensées presque parallèles, pour mieux comprendre leur occultation conjointe.Jean Epstein’s theoretical concerns after the Second World War could have been the ideal travelling companion for filmology. His intellectual itinerary crossed that of Gilbert Cohen-Séat, moreover, in several respects: publishing, IDHEC, production, etc. But this intellectual proximity never truly took root, perhaps because Epstein was a member of a movement that might have appeared to be a competitor of filmology: cineism. This article will trace the history of these missed opportunities and of these two almost parallel systems of thought in order to understand their shared occultation

High temperature behavior of electrostatic precipitator ash from municipal solid waste combustors

International audienceMunicipal solid waste (MSW) flue gas residues require further treatment prior to disposal or reuse, and vitrification is one of the main solidification-stabilization processes.This paper investigates the high temperature behavior of MSW flue gas residues, performed in laboratory experiments up to 1400°C, and coupled with thermogravimetric analyses, X-ray diffraction, chemical and electron microprobe analyses. Melting temperatures of electrostatic precipitator (ESP) ash are in the range of 1202-1272 °C, whereas semi-dry scrubber residues melt between 1900 and 2300 °C. The mean liquidus temperature of flue gas residues can be simply evaluated as a function of their CaO content, by using the CaO-SiO2-Al2O3 ternary diagram. For ESP ash, the liquidus phase is a Zn-rich aluminous spinel, followed by anorthite at 1225 °C, and melilite at 1190 °C. The total mass loss reaches 18 wt.% at 1300 °C. Moreover, 90% of evaporation takes place below 1000 °C, linked to evaporation of C, Cl, S, Na, K, and of the toxic metals Hg, Cd, Pb, Cu. Due to the high partial pressure of chlorine during heating, chloride is the most probable form of evaporation for Cd, Pb, and Cu. However, most of Zn, Cr, Ni, Sb and Sn remain in the vitrified product

A Pollutant transport investigated through an expansive clay

In the framework of domestic waste disposals, the in-situ compaction of soil is usually used to obtain engineered clay barriers with suitable confining properties. Permeability and pollutant retention are the major properties which should be investigated in this context for barrier evaluation. Considering clay barriers in contact with waste leachates, they may be saturated by solutes of various chemical compositions, including in particular toxic heavy metals. In this context, the expansive Fo-Ca clay, a natural Ca-smectite from the Paris basin of Ypersian (Sparnacian) age, was chosen because of its very low permeability and ability for pollutant retention through cationic exchanges. The smectic is associated with kaolinite (up to 20%), and minor quartz, calcite, goethite and gypsum

Development of a multiaxial fabric out of untwisted flax slivers for high-performance composites

Dissertação de mestrado integrado em Engenharia TêxtilFlax fibers represent an ecological alternative for glass and carbon fiber reinforced plastics (FRP). Although flax fibers have valuable properties for applications in FRP, they are currently not fully exploited. Today, flax FRP are mostly used in components with low-mechanical loads. This research presents a solution that could enable the application of flax fiber in the FRP industry for structural components. The solution presented here is the production of a multiaxial fabric reinforcement out of untwisted flax fiber slivers. This fabric allows to maximize the potential of flax fibers, exploiting the mechanical properties of flax fibers and skipping the spinning process that is expensive and has an important ecological footprint. However, in order to process the untwisted flax slivers into a multiaxial fabric, the multiaxial warp-knitting machine has to be adapted. The aim of this work is the investigation and validation of a new weft-insertion system, adapted for the processing of untwisted flax slivers. Untwisted flax slivers are hard to handle, they tend to get loose or break during production. In this research, different guiding and spreading systems are presented and evaluated. After evaluating all the solutions on the basis of implementability, costs and installation space, a system with guiding rollers and an air spreading device method were selected for further testing. A test stand was constructed, allowing to validate the solution and to determine the influencing parameters of the guiding and spreading of the slivers. After a kinematic study of the multiaxial warp-knitting machine, the construction of the new system was initiated. But the new system could not be incorporated to the machine over the project period, as the construction took longer than planned. It was therefore not possible to produce the multiaxial flax fabric.As fibras de linho representam uma alternativa ecológica para compósitos com fibra de vidro e carbono. Embora as fibras de linho tenham propriedades valiosas para aplicações em compósitos, elas atualmente não são totalmente aproveitadas. Hoje, compósitos de linho são usados principalmente em componentes com baixa carga mecânica. Esta pesquisa apresenta uma solução que poderia permitir o emprego de fibra de linho na indústria de compósitos para componentes estruturais. A solução apresentada aqui é a produção de um reforço de tecido multiaxial a partir de fitas de linho sem torção. Este tecido permite maximizar o potencial das fibras de linho, explorando as propriedades mecânicas da fibra e evitando o processo de fiação que é caro e tem um importante ônus ecológico. No entanto, a fim de processar as fitas de linho sem torção em um tecido multiaxial, a máquina de produção destes tecidos tem de ser adaptada. O objetivo deste trabalho é a investigação e validação de um novo sistema de inserção de trama, adaptado para o processamento de fitas de linho sem torção. Fitas de linho sem torção são difíceis de manusear, elas tendem a quebrar durante a produção. Nesta pesquisa, diferentes sistemas de condução e espalhamento são apresentados e avaliados. Depois de avaliar todas as soluções com base na viabilidade, custos e espaço de instalação, um sistema de rolos de condução e um dispositivo de espalhamento de ar foram selecionados para testes adicionais. Uma bancada de testes foi construída, permitindo validar a solução e determinar os parâmetros de influência de condução e espalhamento das fitas. Depois de um estudo cinemático da máquina de tecido multiaxial, a construção do novo sistema foi iniciada. Mas o novo sistema não pôde ser incorporado à máquina durante o período do projeto, pois a construção levou mais tempo do que o planejado. Portanto, não foi possível produzir o tecido de linho multiaxial

Nécropole et bourgade d'artisans : l'évolution des sites de Bobigny (Seine-Saint-Denis), entre La Tène B et La Tène D

3 fig. URL : http://racf.revues.org//index654.htmlInternational audienc

Détermination indirecte des limites d'Atterberg par gravimétrie dynamique.

Ce travail présente une nouvelle méthode de mesure des limites d'Atterberg par dessiccation dynamique. En effet, pour certaines argiles polluées ou des mélanges d'argiles, les méthodes classiques ne peuvent pas être mises en œuvre. Le principe de détermination des limites de liquidité (WL) et plasticité (WP) par cette méthode de dessiccation est présenté. Les valeurs des limites d'Atterberg obtenues sur des argiles courantes se révèlent peu différentes de celles déterminées par la méthode de Casagrande. Ces résultats permettent de considérer cette méthode comme une caractérisation physique des boues argileuse

Phytoremediation of polluted soils : recent progress and developments.: Phytostabilisation of a copper contaminated topsoil aided by basic slags: assessment ofCu mobility and phytoavailability

International audiencePurposeBasic slags are alkaline by-products of the steel industry with potential properties to ameliorate nutrient supply and metal stabilisation in contaminated soils. This study aimed at investigating the potential of a P-spiked Link Donawitz slag and a conventional basic slag called Carmeuse for the aided phytostabilisation of a Cu-contaminated soil at a wood treatment site. The effects of basic slag addition on Cu fractionation, mobility and (phyto) availability were assessed.Materials and methodsBoth slags were incorporated at 1 % w/w into the Cu-contaminated soil phytostabilised with Cu-tolerant plants, using either outdoor lysimeters or a field plot. Untreated soil (UNT), amended soils with the P-spiked Link Donawitz slag (PLDS) and the conventional slag (CARM) respectively, and a control soil (CTRL) were sampled, potted and cultivated with dwarf bean. Physico-chemical analysis, determination of total soil elements and a Cu-sequential extraction scheme were carried out for all soils. Physico-chemical characteristics of soil pore water and Cu speciation (rhizon, ion selective electrode and diffusive gradient in thin film (DGT)) were determined. Shoot dry weight yield and leaf ionome (i.e. all inorganic ions present in the primary leaves) of dwarf beans were investigated.Results and discussionThe slag incorporation at only 1 % w/w increased the soil pH from 1.5 to 2 U and electrical conductivity in soil pore water by three times. The residual Cu fraction increased for both slag amended soils compared to the UNT soil by six times in parallel to the decrease of the Cu oxidisable fraction (1.5 times) and to a less extent the reducible fraction. The incorporation of both slags did not reduce the total dissolved Cu concentration in the soil pore water but significantly reduced the real dissolved Cu concentration ca five times, the Cu labile pool as measured by DGT (at least two times) and the Cu phytoavailability. The dwarf bean total biomass was also improved with the slag addition especially for the P-spiked Linz–Donawitz slag.ConclusionsThe addition of both slags in the contaminated soil increased Cu concentration in the residual fraction and thus reduced its potential mobility. Though the total dissolved Cu soil pore water concentration remained identical, its speciation changed as the real dissolved fraction diminished and lowered the Cu bioavailability. The addition of small amount of P-spiked Linz–Donawitz and Carmeuse slags was beneficial for this Cu-contaminated soil in the context of aided phytostabilisation

Philippe Gauthier, le Montage alterné avant Griffith. Le cas Pathé

Si la recherche sur le cinéma des premiers temps connaît malheureusement un net ralentissement dans le champ français, plusieurs ouvrages parus plus ou moins récemment indiquent que ce n’est absolument pas le cas dans le champ francophone. Précisons tout de suite que s’il y a lieu, légitimement, de s’interroger sur les raisons de ce reflux français, ce compte rendu ne saurait être l’endroit d’une telle réflexion. Après l’imposant livre du suisse-romand Alain Boillat (Du bonimenteur à la voix-..

Tati dans la vitrine

Ces derniers mois, Tati s’est affiché un peu partout : dans les vitrines des libraires (réédition du livre de Jacques Kermabon sur les Vacances de M. Hulot, chez Yellow Now, entre autres), sur les devantures des cinémas (reprise du film, en version restaurée), dans les salles d’exposition de la Cinémathèque française (« Tati deux temps, trois mouvements ») et jusque sur les murs de la Capitale, avec l’utilisation publicitaire d’un photogramme de Mon Oncle destinée à attirer l’attention sur l’..