Growth, convergence and public investment : a bayesian model averaging approach [WP]

The aim of this paper is twofold. First, we study the determinants of economic growth among a wide set of potential variables for the Spanish provinces (NUTS3). Among others, we include various types of private, public and human capital in the group of growth factors. Also, we analyse whether Spanish provinces have converged in economic terms in recent decades. The second objective is to obtain cross-section and panel data parameter estimates that are robust to model speci¯cation. For this purpose, we use a Bayesian Model Averaging (BMA) approach. Bayesian methodology constructs parameter estimates as a weighted average of linear regression estimates for every possible combination of included variables. The weight of each regression estimate is given by the posterior probability of each model.L'objectiu d'aquest estudi és doble. Primer, estudiem els factors determinants del creixement econòmic entre un ampli ventall de possibles variables per a les províncies espanyoles. Entre aquests determinant s'inclouen difrents tipus de capital privat, públic i humà. A més, s'analitza si les províncies espanyoles han convergit en termes econòmics. El segon objectiu és l'obtenció d¿estimacions, transversals i amb dades de panell, robustes a l'especificació del model utilitzant una metodologia bayesiana, la qual construeix els paràmetres estimats com una mitja ponderada dels estimadors lineals de totes les possibles combinacions de models donades les variables tingudes en compte. La ponderació de cada paràmetre estimat bé donada per la probabilitat a posteriori de cada model

Efficient Posterior Simulation for Cointegrated Models with Priors On the Cointegration Space

A message coming out of the recent Bayesian literature on cointegration is that it is important to elicit a prior on the space spanned by the cointegrating vectors (as opposed to a particular identified choice for these vectors). In this note, we discuss a sensible way of eliciting such a prior. Furthermore, we develop a collapsed Gibbs sampling algorithm to carry out efficient posterior simulation in cointegration models. The computational advantages of our algorithm are most pronounced with our model, since the form of our prior precludes simple posterior simulation using conventional methods (e.g. a Gibbs sampler involves non-standard posterior conditionals). However, the theory we draw upon implies our algorithm will be more efficient even than the posterior simulation methods which are used with identified versions of cointegration models.

Endogeneity and Panel Data in Growth Regressions: A Bayesian Model Averaging Approach

Bayesian model averaging (BMA) has been successfully applied in the empirical growth literature as a way to overcome the sensitivity of results to different model specifications. In this paper, we develop a BMA technique to analyze panel data models with fixed effects that differ in the set of instruments, exogeneity restrictions, or the set of explanatory variables in the regression. The large model space that typically arises can be effectively analyzed using a Markov Chain Monte Carlo algorithm. We apply our technique to investigate the effect of foreign aid on per capita GDP growth. We show that BMA is an effective tool for the analysis of panel data growth regressions in cases where the number of models is large and results are sensitive to model assumptions

Determinación de la cinética de descomposición térmica de alcoholes e hidrocarburos mediante un reactor pulso

Se estudió la cinética de descomposición térmica de alcoholes e hidrocarburos en un reactor capilar de oro isotérmico, mediante la técnica del pulso cromatográfico, en la que se reemplaza la columna cromatográfica por un reactor. Se determinaron energías de activación y orden de reacción para el n-decano, n-propanol, isopropanol y terbutanol, observándose que respondían a una cinética lineal en el rango de temperaturas y tiempos de residencia estudiados. Los valores de energías de activación encontrados permitirían argumentar un proceso catalítico debido a efectos de pared y a la presencia de vestigios de oxígeno.The thermal decomposition kimetics of alcohols and hidrocarbors was studied in a gold, capilar, isothermal reactor applying the chromatographic pulse technique. This technique consists in the chromatographic column replacement by a reactor called "pulsed reactor"’. Reaction orders and activation energies were measured for n-decane, n-propanol, isopropanol and ten-butanol; it was observed reation kinetics were off first order within the experimental temperatures and residence times ranges. Activation energies values could be explained by a wall catalytic effect and the influence of oxygen traces. The chromatographic technique is very suitable for kinetic studies because of its versatility ard celerity

First Report of a Proconiine Sharpshooter, Anacuerna centrolinea (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae), in Chile, with Notes on Its Biology, Host Plants, and Egg Parasitoids

The first representative of the leafhopper tribe Proconiini (subfamily Cicadellinae), Anacuerna centrolinea (Melichar) is reported herein from the Tarapacá region in northern Chile. This species was discovered at high elevation (≈4,000 m) in the course of a survey conducted in South America by the USDA–ARS for the neoclassical biological control program against the glassy-winged sharpshooter, Homalodisca coagulata (Say) in California. New data are given on the biology and host plants of A. centrolinea. Information also is provided on its egg parasitoid, Gonatocerus tuberculifemur (Ogloblin) (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) which also was a first record from Chile. This discovery encourages further exploration for leafhopper egg parasitoids in northern and central regions of Chile to identify new perspective biological control agents that are more adapted to Mediterranean climate (winters and wet summers), which are similar to California climate. In addition, it is possible that G. tuberculifemur may be a good candidate for the biological control of the recently discovered H. coagulata in Easter Island, Chile.Fil: Logarzo, Guillermo Alejandro. United States Department of Agriculture; Estados UnidosFil: de León, Jesse H.. United States Department of Agriculture; Estados UnidosFil: Serguei Triapitsyn,. University of California; Estados UnidosFil: González, Roberto H.. Universidad de Chile; ChileFil: Virla, Eduardo Gabriel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Planta Piloto de Procesos Industriales Microbiológicos; Argentin

Los Cuidados Paliativos, una revisión documental: Palliative Care, a documentary review

Los cuidados paliativos u hospice son un modelo de cuidados de salud que mejora la calidad de vida del paciente con enfermedades crónicas, debilitantes. Existe escasa literatura publicada que sistematice las características y evolución de los cuidados hospice. Se planteó como objetivo del estudio, examinar el surgimiento y desarrollo de los cuidados paliativos a partir de una revisión documental de la literatura científica publicada. Se realizó un estudio documental con el propósito de describir el desarrollo evolutivo de los Cuidados Paliativos desde su surgimiento y las tendencias que han caracterizado su desarrollo. Se recopiló gran cantidad de información acerca los orígenes de los cuidados hospice en distintos contextos tanto de salud como en el la comunidad y hogar. Se realizó un estudio de varias fuentes de información histórica. Como resultado se obtuvieron datos de gran relevancia sobre cómo se introdujeron y evolucionaron los cuidados paliativos en la atención al paciente críticamente enfermo. Igualmente, se describieron los principios sobre los que se sustentan los cuidados paliativos y las funciones del equipo de salud interdisciplinario. Palabras clave: Cuidados paliativos, enfermedades crónicas, equipo interdisciplinario, cuidados hospice, calidad de vida. Abstract Palliative care or hospice is a model of health care that improves the quality of life of the patient with chronic, debilitating diseases. There is scarce published literature that systematizes the characteristics and evolution of hospice care. The objective of the study was to examine the emergence and development of palliative care based on a documentary review of published scientific literature. A documentary study was carried out with the aim of describing the evolutionary development of palliative care since its emergence and the trends that have characterized its development. A great deal of information was gathered about the origins of hospice care in different health contexts, as well as in the community and at home. A study of several sources of historical information was carried out. As a result, very relevant data were obtained on how palliative care was introduced and developed in the care of the critically ill patient. The principles on which palliative care and the functions of the interdisciplinary health team are supported were also described. Key words: Palliative care, chronic diseases, interdisciplinary team, hospice care, quality of life

INTERVENCIÓN DE ENFERMERÍA EN CUIDADOS PALIATIVOS A PACIENTES CON INSUFICIENCIA CARDIACA CRÓNICA EN LA COMUNIDAD

In advanced stages of Heart Failure, drug therapy is not always effective and heart transplantation is not an option for all types of patients. In these conditions, palliative care arises as an alternative therapy to improve physical condition and quality of life. In order to design a nursing intervention in palliative care for patients with chronic heart failure in the community, a development research was carried out with a mixed approach of an explanatory sequential type, in the health area served by the Polyclinic XXX Anniversary of the Fall in Combat of the Heroic Guerrilla and his Companions, of the Remedios municipality, belonging to the province of Villa Clara, Cuba from 2018 to 2021. The patients with Chronic Heart Failure (CHF) of the referred Polyclinic and their relatives were taken into account to determine the population. The sample was made up of 158 patients by simple random probability sampling and 158 relatives by intentional non-probability sampling, with the inclusion criteria accepting to participate in the research. Symptoms of greater intensity were identified as edema in 63.29%, weakness and fatigue in 58.86%, cough in 51.26%, sweating and chest pain in 48.73%. Also, family care and communication needs. The Nursing Intervention designed for the integration of palliative care to patients with CHF, has a systemic and transformative approach, conceives the active role of the participants in the Intervention with group and personalized actions, which involves patients and their families, valued highly suitable by experts.En etapas avanzadas de la Insuficiencia Cardiaca, la terapia medicamentosa no siempre es eficaz y el trasplante cardiaco no es una opción para todo tipo de paciente. En esas condiciones los cuidados paliativos surgen como terapia alternativa para mejorar el estado físico y calidad de vida. Con el objetivo de diseñar una intervención de enfermería en cuidados paliativos a pacientes con insuficiencia cardiaca crónica en la comunidad, se realizó una investigación de desarrollo con enfoque mixto de tipo secuencial explicativo, en el área de salud que atiende el Policlínico XXX Aniversario de la Caída en Combate del Guerrillero Heroico y sus Compañeros, del municipio Remedios, perteneciente a la provincia de Villa Clara, Cuba de 2018 a 2021. Se tuvieron en cuenta para determinar la población, los pacientes con Insuficiencia Cardiaca Crónica (ICC) del referido Policlínico y sus familiares. La muestra quedó conformada por 158 pacientes por muestreo probabilístico aleatorio simple y por 158 familiares por muestreo no probabilístico intencional, con criterio de inclusión aceptar participar en la investigación. Se identificaron como síntomas de mayor intensidad: edema en 63,29%, debilidad y fatiga en 58,86%, tos en 51,26%, sudoración y dolor precordial en 48,73%. Además, necesidades de atención familiar y comunicación. La Intervención de Enfermería diseñada para la integración de los cuidados paliativos a pacientes con ICC, posee enfoque sistémico y transformador, concibe el papel activo de los participantes en la Intervención con acciones grupales y personalizadas, que involucra a pacientes y su familia, valorada de muy adecuada por expertos

CUIDADOS PALIATIVOS EN PACIENTES CON INSUFICIENCIA CARDIACA CRÓNICA

Palliative care is used to solve suff ering, restore the dignity of the person, and satisfy human needs. Th e majority of patients with Chronic Heart Failure are of advanced age and are not susceptible to heart transplantation, despite being a syndrome with high lethality and poor prognosis, the lack of comprehensive and eff ective palliative care is evident in studies that describe the end of the lives of patients. A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out in 158 patients, with the aim of describing the sociodemographic characteristics and human needs of the patients according to their responses when integrating palliative care into Nursing care, in Remedios, Cuba, from 2016 to 2020. Th ey predominated the group of the elderly from 70 to 79 years old and the fi gure of women, with medium technical level, marital status, widows, and religious beliefs. Among the most aff ected needs are physical symptoms, changes in emotions, inadequate family support, and communication.Los cuidados paliativos, se emplean para dar solución al sufrimiento, devolver la dignidad de la persona, y satisfacer las necesidades humanas. La mayor parte de pacientes con Insufi ciencia Cardiaca Crónica tienen edad avanzada y no son susceptibles de trasplante cardiaco, a pesar de ser un síndrome con alta letalidad y mal pronóstico, la falta de cuidados paliativos integrales y eficaces es evidente en estudios que describen el final de la vida de los pacientes. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal en 158 pacientes, con el objetivo de describir las características sociodemográficas y las necesidades humanas de los pacientes según sus respuestas al integrar los cuidados paliativos a los cuidados de Enfermería, en Remedios, Cuba, de 2016 a 2020. Predominaron el grupo de la tercera edad de 70 a 79 años y la figura de la mujer, con nivel técnico medio, estado civil personas viudas y creencias religiosas. Entre las necesidades más afectadas se encuentran: la sintomatología física, los cambios en las emociones, no adecuado apoyo familiar y comunicación