46 research outputs found
Global urban environmental change drives adaptation in white clover.
Urbanization transforms environments in ways that alter biological evolution. We examined whether urban environmental change drives parallel evolution by sampling 110,019 white clover plants from 6169 populations in 160 cities globally. Plants were assayed for a Mendelian antiherbivore defense that also affects tolerance to abiotic stressors. Urban-rural gradients were associated with the evolution of clines in defense in 47% of cities throughout the world. Variation in the strength of clines was explained by environmental changes in drought stress and vegetation cover that varied among cities. Sequencing 2074 genomes from 26 cities revealed that the evolution of urban-rural clines was best explained by adaptive evolution, but the degree of parallel adaptation varied among cities. Our results demonstrate that urbanization leads to adaptation at a global scale
Pathogen and Circadian Controlled 1 (PCC1) Protein Is Anchored to the Plasma Membrane and Interacts with Subunit 5 of COP9 Signalosome in Arabidopsis
The Pathogen and Circadian Controlled 1 (PCC1) gene, previously identified and further characterized as involved in defense
to pathogens and stress-induced flowering, codes for an 81-amino acid protein with a cysteine-rich C-terminal domain. This
domain is essential for homodimerization and anchoring to the plasma membrane. Transgenic plants with the ß-
glucuronidase (GUS) reporter gene under the control of 1.1 kb promoter sequence of PCC1 gene display a dual pattern of
expression. At early post-germination, PCC1 is expressed only in the root vasculature and in the stomata guard cells of
cotyledons. During the transition from vegetative to reproductive development, PCC1 is strongly expressed in the vascular
tissue of petioles and basal part of the leaf, and it further spreads to the whole limb in fully expanded leaves. This
developmental pattern of expression together with the late flowering phenotype of long-day grown RNA interference
(iPCC1) plants with reduced PCC1 expression pointed to a regulatory role of PCC1 in the photoperiod-dependent flowering
pathway. iPCC1 plants are defective in light perception and signaling but are not impaired in the function of the core CO-FT
module of the photoperiod-dependent pathway. The regulatory effect exerted by PCC1 on the transition to flowering as
well as on other reported phenotypes might be explained by a mechanism involving the interaction with the subunit 5 of
the COP9 signalosome (CSN).This work was funded by grants BIO2008-00839, BIO2011-27526 and CSD2007-0057 from Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion of Spain to J.L. A fellowship/contract of the FPU program of the Ministerio de Educacion y Ciencia (Spain) funded R.M. work. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.Mir Moreno, R.; Leon Ramos, J. (2014). Pathogen and Circadian Controlled 1 (PCC1) Protein Is Anchored to the Plasma Membrane and Interacts with Subunit 5 of COP9 Signalosome in Arabidopsis. PLoS ONE. 1(9):1-14. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0087216S11419Sauerbrunn, N., & Schlaich, N. L. (2004). PCC1 : a merging point for pathogen defence and circadian signalling in Arabidopsis. Planta, 218(4), 552-561. doi:10.1007/s00425-003-1143-zSEGARRA, S., MIR, R., MARTÍNEZ, C., & LEÓN, J. (2009). 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Natural resistance to Meningococcal Disease related to CFH loci: Meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies
Meningococcal disease (MD) remains an important infectious cause of life threatening infection in both industrialized and resource poor countries. Genetic factors influence both occurrence and severity of presentation, but the genes responsible are largely unknown. We performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) examining 5,440,063 SNPs in 422 Spanish MD patients and 910 controls. We then performed a meta-analysis of the Spanish GWAS with GWAS data from the United Kingdom (combined cohorts: 897 cases and 5,613 controls; 4,898,259 SNPs). The meta-analysis identified strong evidence of association (-value≤5×10) in 20 variants located at the gene. SNP rs193053835 showed the most significant protective effect (Odds Ratio (OR)=0.62, 95% confidence interval (C.I.)=0.52–0.73; -value=9.62×10). Five other variants had been previously reported to be associated with susceptibility to MD, including the missense SNP rs1065489 (OR=0.64, 95% C.I.)=0.55–0.76, =3.25×10). Theoretical predictions point to a functional effect of rs1065489, which may be directly responsible for protection against MD. Our study confirms the association of with susceptibility to MD and strengthens the importance of this link in understanding pathogenesis of the disease.This study received support from the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (Proyecto de Investigación en Salud, Acción Estratégica en Salud: proyecto GePEM PI16/01478) (A.S.); Instituto Carlos III (Intensificación de la actividad investigadora) (A.V.); Consellería de Sanidade, Xunta de Galicia (RHI07/2-intensificación actividad investigadora, PS09749 and 10PXIB918184PR), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (Intensificación de la actividad investigadora 2007–2012, PI16/01569), Convenio de colaboración de investigación (Wyeth España-Fundación IDICHUS 2007–2011), Convenio de colaboración de investigación (Novartis España-Fundación IDICHUS 2010–2011), Fondo de Investigación Sanitaria (FIS; PI070069/PI1000540) del plan nacional de I+ D+ I and ‘fondos FEDER’ (F.M.T.). More information at: www. esigem.org. The UK cohort was established with support of the Meningitis Research Foundation (UK), who provide ongoing support, and the European Society for Paediatric Infectious Diseases supported the establishment of the international collaboration. This study makes use of data generated by the Wellcome Trust Case-Control Consortium 2. A full list of the investigators who contributed to the generation of the data is available from www. wtccc.org.uk. Funding for the project was provided by the Wellcome Trust under award 085475. The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme under EC-GA No. 279185 (EUCLIDS)