La mise en œuvre de pratiques pédagogiques afin de soutenir les élèves dits vulnérables à la maternelle : une recherche-action en milieu allophone

Cette étude prend source dans un questionnement initial sur le redoublement. Celui-ci est souvent perçu comme un moyen pour assurer la réussite éducative des élèves qui n’atteignent pas le seuil de développement nécessaire à la poursuite de leur scolarisation (tel que formulé dans les documents ministériels) (Gouvernement du Québec, 2003). La problématique se penche sur des recherches démontrant les impacts négatifs d’une telle pratique, notamment dans certains pays où il est proscrit (Paul et Troncin, 2004). On y abordera les raisons pour lesquelles les enseignantes y ont recours. Partant de ce questionnement initial, des moyens alternatifs seront explorés à partir d’un cadre conceptuel. Les objectifs sont de repérer les enfants dits vulnérables, d’observer ceux-ci dans différentes situations et contextes, de décrire et d’analyser des situations afin de planifier des pistes d’intervention et de mettre en œuvre des approches adaptées aux élèves et d’en interpréter les effets. À cette fin, nous revisiterons plusieurs grandes théories à la base du développement global qui fondent les assises de l’éducation préscolaire. S’appuyant sur une méthodologie d’une recherche-action, nous explorerons, dans une démarche de résolution de problème, différentes approches pédagogiques afin de soutenir les élèves dits vulnérables à la maternelle. Le contexte dans lequel se déroule celle-ci est celui d’une enseignante à l’éducation préscolaire accompagnant des élèves allophones dans un milieu défavorisé. Le recours au journal de bord, donne à voir sa réalité au quotidien et les défis qu’elle a à relever auprès de ses élèves. Il rend compte de la démarche itérative de la recherche-action qui alterne entre action et réflexion. Les résultats sauront convaincre le lecteur que de privilégier des approches pédagogiques respectant le rythme d’apprentissage de l’élève en se basant sur ses intérêts et ses besoins sont gages de sa réussite éducative

Développement de calorimètres métalliques magnétiques pour le spectrométrie bêta

The aim of this thesis is to demonstrate the potential of metallic magnetic calorimeters for beta spectrometry by measuring the spectrum of 63-Ni. This nuclide is one of the beta emitters for which theory is well-known and calculation reliable. We propose a method for experimental observation, especially at low energies, which allows to validate the theoretical calculation.A dedicated data analysis has been established and optimized. It takes into account the parameters of a cryogenic measurement and also the specific requirements of beta spectrometry. Two types of sources have been realized, a deposit of nickel salt from a dried drop of a solution of NiCl2 and a metallic electroplated source of Ni. The electroplated sources turn out to be the appropriate type of source for 63-Ni spectrometry.The performances of metallic magnetic calorimeters, such as high detection efficiency and low energy threshold, lead to results precise enough to validate experimentally the theory.L'objectif de ce travail de thèse est de démontrer le potentiel des calorimètres métalliques magnétiques pour la spectrométrie bêta via une mesure du spectre du 63-Ni. Ce nucléide fait partie des émetteurs bêta pour lesquels la théorie est connue et les calculs crédibles. Nous proposons une méthode d'observation expérimentale du spectre, à basse énergie surtout, permettant de valider les calculs théoriques.Un traitement des données spécifique à l'établissement d'un spectre continu a été établi et optimisé, prenant en compte les paramètres d'une mesure cryogénique avec un calorimètre métallique magnétique et les exigences de la spectrométrie bêta. Deux types de sources ont été réalisés, un dépôt sous forme de sel de nickel à partir d'une goutte séchée de solution de NiCl2 et un dépôt métallique de nickel issu d'une électrodéposition. Les sources électrodéposées se sont révélées être le type de source adéquate pour la spectrométrie du 63-Ni.Les performances des calorimètres métalliques magnétiques, parmi lesquelles le fort rendement de détection ou le faible seuil en énergie, permettent d'obtenir des résultats suffisamment précis pour la validation expérimentale des calculs théoriques

EucliDreamer: Fast and High-Quality Texturing for 3D Models with Stable Diffusion Depth

This paper presents a novel method to generate textures for 3D models given text prompts and 3D meshes. Additional depth information is taken into account to perform the Score Distillation Sampling (SDS) process with depth conditional Stable Diffusion. We ran our model over the open-source dataset Objaverse and conducted a user study to compare the results with those of various 3D texturing methods. We have shown that our model can generate more satisfactory results and produce various art styles for the same object. In addition, we achieved faster time when generating textures of comparable quality. We also conduct thorough ablation studies of how different factors may affect generation quality, including sampling steps, guidance scale, negative prompts, data augmentation, elevation range, and alternatives to SDS

Light-induced rotation of dielectric microparticles around an optical nanofiber

Evanescent electromagnetic fields near a waveguide can exert a transverse radiation force on scattering objects. To prove this experimentally, we demonstrate light-induced orbiting of isotropic, dielectric microparticles around an optical nanofiber that guides elliptically polarized, fundamental modes. The orbit frequency is proportional to the helicity of the coupled light. Interestingly, the observed motion is opposite to the energy flow circulation around the fiber. This result verifies the theoretically predicted negative optical torque on a sufficiently large particle in the vicinity of a nanofiber

EP-1502: High resolution portal image prediction for radiotherapy treatment verification & in vivo dosimetry

International audiencePurpose/Objective: Historically designed as a control system for patient positioning for radiotherapy treatment, Electronic Portal Imaging Devices (EPIDs) are nowadays widely used for quality assurance and dosimetric verifications in new irradiation techniques. One of the main advantages of the EPID is its high resolution which can detect small details. The objective of this study is to compare the EPID image acquired during the treatment with a predicted high resolution portal image computed by Monte Carlo (MC) simulation. A new method for prediction of high resolution EPID images is tested for in vivo treatment verification. Materials and Methods: Experiments were carried out on a Siemens ARTISTETM, equipped with a 160-MLCTM, and its Siemens OptivueTM 1000 EPID. This EPID has an active detection area of 41 x 41 cm2 and a matrix of 1024 x 1024 pixels. A model of this linac and the EPID was developed with the MC code Penelope, and commissioned. We focus on a breast treatment conformational beam (6 MV) on the CIRS adult female phantom. The CT-scan of the phantom was used as input, and Hounsfield numbers were converted in density and atomic composition, so as to obtain a voxelized geometry used in the Penelope code. Particles exiting the phantom and impinging on the EPID are simulated up to the EPID in order to compute the predicted portal image by scoring the energy deposited in the phosphor layer on a 1024 x 1024 virtual grid. The simulated image was then smoothed using a denoising algorithm in order to keep the high resolution advantage. Several denoising algorithms were tested, among them IRON, LASG and a recently developed one called DPGLM. For now, we use the gamma-index technique to evaluate the accuracy of the simulated image against the experimental one. Results: Figure 1 shows the acquired image and the simulated one. The gamma-index is satisfied for 94.4 % of the pixels for 3.5 % and 3.5 mm criterion. The DPGLM gives the best result toward accuracy and computed time. Indeed, the denoising of 1024 x 1024 images takes about 1h30 mn, 2h and 5 mn using DPGLM, IRON, and LASG, respectively. The LASG algorithm is really fast but the result is too smoothed for the high resolution purpose. Conclusions: This work is the first step in the aim of in vivo dosimetry by comparing experimental portal images with high resolution predicted images obtained using MC simulations in a voxelized geometry. First results obtained on a breast treatment are encouraging, and we can expect to detect treatment errors

Inverse electron demand Diels-Alder click chemistry for pretargeted PET imaging and radioimmunotherapy

This approach leverages the rapid, bio-orthogonal inverse electron demand Diels-Alder reaction between a radiolabeled tetrazine and a trans-cyclooctene-bearing antibody to enable pretargeted positron emission tomography imaging and endoradiotherapy in a murine model of cancer. Radiolabeled antibodies have shown promise as tools for both the nuclear imaging and endoradiotherapy of cancer, but the protracted circulation time of radioimmunoconjugates can lead to high radiation doses to healthy tissues. To circumvent this issue, we have developed an approach to positron emission tomography (PET) imaging and radioimmunotherapy (RIT) predicated on radiolabeling the antibody after it has reached its target within the body. This in vivo pretargeting strategy is based on the rapid and bio-orthogonal inverse electron demand Diels-Alder reaction between tetrazine (Tz) and trans-cyclooctene (TCO). Pretargeted PET imaging and RIT using TCO-modified antibodies in conjunction with Tz-bearing radioligands produce high activity concentrations in target tissues as well as reduced radiation doses to healthy organs compared to directly labeled radioimmunoconjugates. Herein, we describe how to prepare a TCO-modified antibody (humanized A33-TCO) as well as how to synthesize two Tz-bearing radioligands: one labeled with the positron-emitting radiometal copper-64 ([Cu-64]Cu-SarAr-Tz) and one labeled with the beta-emitting radiolanthanide lutetium-177 ([Lu-177]Lu-DOTA-PEG(7)-Tz). We also provide a detailed description of pretargeted PET and pretargeted RIT experiments in a murine model of human colorectal carcinoma. Proper training in both radiation safety and the handling of laboratory mice is required for the successful execution of this protocol.Peer reviewe

Eight lessons from 2 years of use of the Post-COVID-19 Functional Status scale

Based on the literature and users’ experiences, lessons could be learned after 2 years’ use of the Post-COVID-19 Functional Status (PCFS) scale, that could contribute to its optimal use. All in all, the PCFS scale provided added value during the pandemic. https://bit.ly/3KkI5A

A flexible and fast PyTorch toolkit for simulating training and inference on analog crossbar arrays

We introduce the IBM Analog Hardware Acceleration Kit, a new and first of a kind open source toolkit to simulate analog crossbar arrays in a convenient fashion from within PyTorch (freely available at https://github.com/IBM/aihwkit). The toolkit is under active development and is centered around the concept of an "analog tile" which captures the computations performed on a crossbar array. Analog tiles are building blocks that can be used to extend existing network modules with analog components and compose arbitrary artificial neural networks (ANNs) using the flexibility of the PyTorch framework. Analog tiles can be conveniently configured to emulate a plethora of different analog hardware characteristics and their non-idealities, such as device-to-device and cycle-to-cycle variations, resistive device response curves, and weight and output noise. Additionally, the toolkit makes it possible to design custom unit cell configurations and to use advanced analog optimization algorithms such as Tiki-Taka. Moreover, the backward and update behavior can be set to "ideal" to enable hardware-aware training features for chips that target inference acceleration only. To evaluate the inference accuracy of such chips over time, we provide statistical programming noise and drift models calibrated on phase-change memory hardware. Our new toolkit is fully GPU accelerated and can be used to conveniently estimate the impact of material properties and non-idealities of future analog technology on the accuracy for arbitrary ANNs.Comment: Submitted to AICAS202

Design of Two RadWorks Storm Shelters for Solar Particle Event Shielding

In order to enable long-duration human exploration beyond low-Earth orbit, the risks associated with exposure of astronaut crews to space radiation must be mitigated with practical and affordable solutions. The space radiation environment beyond the magnetosphere is primarily a combination of two types of radiation: galactic cosmic rays (GCR) and solar particle events (SPE). While mitigating GCR exposure remains an open issue, reducing astronaut exposure to SPEs is achievable through material shielding because they are made up primarily of medium-energy protons. In order to ensure astronaut safety for long durations beyond low-Earth orbit, SPE radiation exposure must be mitigated. However, the increasingly demanding spacecraft propulsive performance for these ambitious missions requires minimal mass and volume radiation shielding solutions which leverage available multi-functional habitat structures and logistics as much as possible. This paper describes the efforts of NASA's RadWorks Advanced Exploration Systems (AES) Project to design two minimal mass SPE radiation shelter concepts leveraging available resources: one based upon reconfiguring habitat interiors to create a centralized protection area and one based upon augmenting individual crew quarters with waterwalls and logistics. Discussion items include the design features of the concepts, a radiation analysis of their implementations, an assessment of the parasitic mass of each concept, and the result of a human in the loop evaluation performed to drive out design and operational issues