Glial decline and loss of homeostatic support rather than inflammation defines cognitive aging

The work of AS was supported by the Russian Science Foundation, No. 20-14-00241

Competency-based approach and competencies in higher education: a theoretical review

Economic changes not only in the country, but also on the world labor market explain the growing demands on young professionals. New requirements for the model and quality of the graduate appear, and new approaches to their competitiveness and effectiveness appear. The authors analyzed the concepts of a competency-based approach, competence, developed characteristic features and the field of implementation of these definitions in higher education. It has been established that a qualitatively new mission, tasks and content of modern education in the new conditions should be focused not only on fundamental knowledge, but also on the formation of practically oriented skills and competencies

Astrocyte dystrophy in ageing brain parallels impaired synaptic plasticity

Little is known about age-dependent changes in structure and function of astrocytes and of the impact of these on the cognitive decline in the senescent brain. The prevalent view on the age-dependent increase in reactive astrogliosis and astrocytic hypertrophy requires scrutiny and detailed analysis. Using two-photon microscopy in conjunction with 3D reconstruction, Sholl and volume fraction analysis, we demonstrate a significant reduction in the number and the length of astrocytic processes, in astrocytic territorial domains andin astrocyte-to-astrocyte coupling in the aged brain. Probing physiology of astrocytes with patch clamp, and Ca2+ imaging revealed deficits in K+ and glutamate clearance and spatiotemporal reorganisation of Ca2+ events in old astrocytes. These changes paralleled impaired synaptic long-term potentiation (LTP) in hippocampal CA1 in old mice. Our findings may explain the astroglial mechanisms of age-dependent decline in learning and memory.The research was supported by the Russian Science Foundation grant 20‐14‐00241

SEMANTIC FEATURES OF THE PHRASEOLOGICAL UNITS WITH THE COMPONENT LIGHT THE WITHIN ARTISTIC DISCOURSE

Purpose: To conduct lexical and semantic analysis on the concept light in the artistic discourse of postmodern fiction. Methodology: In this research, comparative method, search for synonyms, continuous sampling and seminal analysis are used. Main Findings: As a result, it becomes obvious that the boundaries of the artistic concepts are extremely blurred and much wider than the boundaries of the corresponding non-artistic concepts. In conclusion, the concept light is frequently used in English artistic discourses, i.e. significant in the culture, and a special status in the semantic space of the concept light has the meaning of knowledge and information. Applications: The study results can be used by students and universities. Novelty/Originality: In this research, a model of the semantic features of the phraseological units with the component light is presented in a comprehensive and complete manner

Professional Development of Rural Teachers Based on Digital Literacy

This research focuses on the professional development of teachers in rural areas based on digital literacy. It aims to measure the existing digital literacy and competence of rural teachers in Indonesia, Russia, and the Middle East and to assess the extent of digital literacy training provided to rural teachers for their professional development in these regions. In pursuit of this objective, a quantitative research method was incorporated into the study. The survey was conducted specifically for the research, and SPSS was used for statistical analysis. The report reflected the challenges that digitalization faces in rural areas and the differences in the provision of digital literacy training in Indonesia, Russia, and the Middle East. Various limitations are identified as hampering the integration of digital literacy in underdeveloped areas, such as the lack of proper digital infrastructure. However, the situation was found to be somewhat better in the case of Russia, with the teachers reporting the provision of adequate hardware and infrastructure, which were lacking in the cases of Indonesia and the Middle East. The same pattern was found in the case of the provision of digital literacy training opportunities in Indonesia and the Middle East, which lag behind Russia. All in all, it is imperative to develop introductory courses for using the internet and their general application for teachers in rural areas. Doi: 10.28991/ESJ-2022-06-06-019 Full Text: PD

Development of the Adolescents’ Communicative Culture in the Context of Digitalization of Additional Education

In the era of digitalization of education and economy and the development of artificial intelligence, adolescents appear highly competitive compared with other generations in understanding digital technologies, acquiring expertise, and mastering modern means of communication, which normally causes intergenerational conflicts and the loss of an adult’s personal and functional authority. The aim of this research was to develop and test a model for developing adolescents’ communicative cultures in an institution of additional education. The research emphasizes the significance of personality-oriented, interactive-communicative, and cultural approaches and conducts a comparative analysis of the sources. Methodologically, the study relies on a quantitative method with primary sources. Besides, the findings of the study contribute to the existing limited stress on the importance of adolescents’ communicative cultures from the perspective of the digitalization of additional education. The study finds that the use of digital options in education has reduced social interaction among students. However, the students prefer to use digital methods of learning as they find them more convenient for communication. Therefore, the digital communication culture has high potential in the educational sector. The findings are novel as this study is one of the few recent studies that examined how communicative culture has transformed due to digital means in education. Doi: 10.28991/ESJ-2022-SIED-019 Full Text: PD