Interaction between Dietary Fat Intake and Metabolic Genetic Risk Score on 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Concentrations in a Turkish Adult Population

From MDPI via Jisc Publications RouterHistory: accepted 2022-01-14, pub-electronic 2022-01-17Publication status: PublishedFunder: Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey; Grant(s): 216S272Previous studies have pointed out a link between vitamin D status and metabolic traits, however, consistent evidence has not been provided yet. This cross-sectional study has used a nutrigenetic approach to investigate the interaction between metabolic-genetic risk score (GRS) and dietary intake on serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations in 396 unrelated Turkish adults, aged 24−50 years. Serum 25(OH)D concentration was significantly lower in those with a metabolic-GRS ≥ 1 risk allele than those with a metabolic-GRS 1 risk allele (p = 0.020). A significant interaction between metabolic-GRS and dietary fat intake (energy%) on serum 25(OH)D levels was identified (Pinteraction = 0.040). Participants carrying a metabolic-GRS ≥ 1 risk allele and consuming a high fat diet (≥38% of energy = 122.3 ± 52.51 g/day) had significantly lower serum 25(OH)D concentration (p = 0.006) in comparison to those consuming a low-fat diet (38% of energy = 82.5 ± 37.36 g/d). In conclusion, our study suggests a novel interaction between metabolic-GRS and dietary fat intake on serum 25(OH)D level, which emphasises that following the current dietary fat intake recommendation (35% total fat) could be important in reducing the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in this Turkish population. Nevertheless, further larger studies are needed to verify this interaction, before implementing personalized dietary recommendations for the maintenance of optimal vitamin D status

Interaction between dietary fat intake and metabolic genetic risk score on 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations in a Turkish adult population

Previous studies have pointed out a link between vitamin D status and metabolic traits, however, consistent evidence has not been provided yet. This cross-sectional study has used a nutrigenetic approach to investigate the interaction between metabolic-genetic risk score (GRS) and dietary intake on serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations in 396 unrelated Turkish adults, aged 24–50 years. Serum 25(OH)D concentration was significantly lower in those with a metabolic-GRS ≥ 1 risk allele than those with a metabolic-GRS < 1 risk allele (p = 0.020). A significant interaction between metabolic-GRS and dietary fat intake (energy%) on serum 25(OH)D levels was identified (Pinteraction = 0.040). Participants carrying a metabolic-GRS ≥ 1 risk allele and consuming a high fat diet (≥38% of energy = 122.3 ± 52.51 g/day) had significantly lower serum 25(OH)D concentration (p = 0.006) in comparison to those consuming a low-fat diet (<38% of energy = 82.5 ± 37.36 g/d). In conclusion, our study suggests a novel interaction between metabolic-GRS and dietary fat intake on serum 25(OH)D level, which emphasises that following the current dietary fat intake recommendation (<35% total fat) could be important in reducing the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in this Turkish population. Nevertheless, further larger studies are needed to verify this interaction, before implementing personalized dietary recommendations for the maintenance of optimal vitamin D status

FTO gene-lifestyle interactions on serum adiponectin concentrations and central obesity in a Turkish population

The aim of the study was to investigate whether lifestyle factors modify the association fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) gene single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and obesity in a Turkish population. The study included 400 unrelated individuals, aged 24-50 years recruited in a hospital setting. Dietary intake and physical activity were assessed using 24-hour dietary recall and self-report questionnaire, respectively. A genetic risk score (GRS) was developed using FTO SNPs, rs9939609 and rs10163409. Body mass index and fat mass index were significantly associated with FTO SNP rs9939609 (P=0.001 and P=0.002, respectively) and GRS (P=0.002 and P=0.003, respectively). The interactions between SNP rs9939609 and physical activity on adiponectin concentrations, and SNP rs10163409 and dietary protein intake on increased waist circumference were statistically significant (Pinteraction=0.027 and Pinteraction=0.044, respectively). This study demonstrated that the association between FTO SNPs and central obesity might be modified by lifestyle factors in this Turkish population

Assessment of the relationship between polysomnography parameters and plasma malondialdehyde levels in patients with obstructive sleep apnea

Purpose The relationship of plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) with major parameters of PSG was investigated to find out if there was a correlation between these variables. Methods Polysomnograms were done on a total of 37 adults who do not have a history of any systemic illness, smoking, and supplement use. Plasma MDA measurements and their relationship with PSG parameters were analyzed. Results The mean MDA concentrations in patients with lower AHI values were also lower than those in the patients with higher AHI (p < 0.001). Higher predominance of apnea in patients with similar AHI values, longer mean apnea durations, O-2 saturation dips to < 90%, and higher ODI values predicted higher plasma MDA concentrations. Conclusions Higher oxidative stress measurements predicted more severe clinical picture. These findings show that oxidative stress measurement with MDA may provide a simple tool to screen patients for OSA and help select them for PSG study appropriately, if indicate

Determination of intestinal enzyme activities during infancy period

Giriş: Barsak enzim aktiviteleri barsak florasında yaşayan bakterilerin varlığını ve metabolik aktivitelerini yansıtan dolaylı belirteçlerdir. Çalışmanın amacı, dışkıda beta (β)-glukuronidaz, β-glukozidaz ve üreaz enzimlerinin aktivite düzeylerini 6 haftalık ve 8 aylık bebeklerde ölçmek ve düzeyleri etkileyen faktörleri belirlemektir. Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışmaya 100 sağlıklı 6 haftalık bebekler dahil edildi. Tüm bebeklerden dışkı örneği alındı. Dışkı örneklerinin 17’si partikülsüz olduğu için değerlendirme dışı bırakıldı. Çalışmaya dahil edilen bebeklerin 35’inden 8. ayda ikinci dışkı örneği alındı. Bebeklerin 25’inin hem 6 haftalık hem de 8 aylık dışkı örnekleri vardı. Alınan dışkı örneklerinde üreaz, β-glukuronidaz ve β-glukozidaz enzim aktiviteleri (nmol/dk-1/mg-protein-1) ölçüldü. Bulgular: Tekrarlanan ölçümlerde üreaz ve β-glukuronidaz düzeyleri zaman içinde azalırken, β-glukozidaz düzeyleri artmaktaydı. Prematüre doğan bebeklerin 8. ay β-glukuronidaz enzim aktivitesi daha yüksekti. Anne sütünü ilk 1 saatte almaya başlayan ve biberon kullanan bebeklerde altıncı haftadaki üreaz aktivitesi daha düşüktü. Sadece anne sütü alma durumu barsak enzim aktivitesini etkilemedi. Sonuç: İntestinal enzim aktiviteleri süt çocukluğu döneminde yapılanma aşamasında olan mikrofloranın fonksiyonelliğini dolaylı olarak göstermesi açısından önemlidir. Bununla birlikte enzim aktivitelerinin yaşa bağlı olarak değişkenlik göstermesi nedeniyle düzeyini etkileyen faktörlerin tanımlanması güçleşmektedir.Introduction: Intestinal enzyme activities are indirect indicators that reflect the existence and metabolic activity of bacteria living in the intestinal flora. The purpose of the study was to measure fecal beta (β)-glucuronidase, β-glucosidase and urease enzyme activities and to determine the factors that affect levels in 6 week old and 8 month old babies. Materials and Methods: The study comprised 100 healthy infants at 6 weeks of age. Feces samples were collected from all infants. However, 17 of the feces samples were not included due to the lack of particles in the feces. The same samples were also taken from 35 infants at 8 months of age. Twenty-five of the infants had given feces samples at both 6 weeks and 8 months of age. Urease, β-glucuronidase and β-glucosidase enzyme activities (nmol/min-1/mg-protein-1) were measured. Results: In repeated measures, the levels of β-glucuronidase and urease declined over time and β-glucosidase levels increased. At 8 months of age, higher β-glucuronidase levels were obtained in premature infants. At 6 weeks of age, lower levels of urease were measured in babies who were started breastfeeding at the first hour of life and were bottle-fed. Exclusive breastfeeding had no influence on the intestinal enzyme activities. Conclusions: In early infancy period when microflora is structured, intestinal enzyme activities are important that show indirectly functionality of the microflora. However, it is difficult to highlight what affects the levels of intestinal enzymes because activities vary according to the age

Decreased plasma levels of sphingolipids and total cholesterol in adult cystic fibrosis patients

Background: Sphingolipid species in the lung epithelium have a critical role for continuity of membrane structure, vesicular transport, and cell survival. Sphingolipid species were reported to have a role in the inflammatory etiology of cystic fibrosis by previous work. The aim of the study was to investigate the levels of plasma sphingomyelin and ceramide in adult cystic fibrosis (CF) patients and compared with healthy controls. Materials and methods: Blood samples were obtained from CF patients at exacerbation (n = 15), discharge (n =13) and stable periods (n = 11). Healthy individuals (n = 15) of similar age served as control. Levels of C16–C24 sphingomyelin and C16–C24 ceramide were measured in the plasma by LC-MS/MS. Also, cholesterol and tri glyceride levels were determined in plasma samples of the patients at stable period. Results: All measured sphingomyelin and ceramide levels in all periods of CF patients were significantly lower than healthy controls except C16 sphingomyelin level in the stable period. However, plasma Cer and SM levels among exacerbation, discharge, and stable periods of CF were not different. CF patients had significantly lower cholesterol levels compared to healthy individuals. We found significant correlation of cholesterol with C16 sphingomyelin. Conclusion: We observed lower plasma Cer and SM levels in adult CF patients at exacerbation, discharge, and stable periods compared to healthy controls. We didn’t find any significant difference between patient Cer and SM levels among these three periods. Our limited number of patients might have resulted with this statistical insignificance. However, percentage of SM16 levels were increased at discharge compared to exacerbation levels, while percentage of Cer16 and Cer 20 decreased at stable compared to exacerbation. Inclusion of a larger number of CF patients in such a follow up study may better demonstrate any possible difference between exacerbation, discharge, and stable periods.No sponso

Cerebrospinal Fluid Oligoclonal Banding Patterns And Intrathecal Immunoglobulin Synthesis: Data Comparison From A Wide Patient Group

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate laboratory oligoclonal band (OCB) patterns together with related IgG results and compare these results with data obtained through final clinical diagnosis. Also, to evaluate electrophoretic patterns based on reibergrams and the diagnostic value of OCBs in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). Methods: Patients were grouped based on their diagnosis. Six classic patterns were determined. Oligoclonal band patterns and related IgG results were evaluated and these results were later compared with final clinical diagnoses. Results: A total of 1022 patients with known diagnoses were studied. Electrophoretic patterns and band counting based on Reibergram depictions were significantly different among patients with MS and other neurologic diseases. For all patients with MS, the OCB band positivity rate was 82.4%. Additionally, in the MS group, a significantly higher percentage (36.60%) of OCB positivity with more than 10 bands was detected. When reibergram results in the intrathecal IgG synthesis area and OCB counts (>10) were evaluated together, the diagnostic sensitivity (37%) and specificity (95%) were increased. Conclusion: OCB positivity, band counts, and Reibergram depictions contribute further to the diagnosis of ms when performed together for the neurologic diseases spectrum. OCB count, IgG index values, and Reibergram depictions should all be included in cerebrospinal fluid electrophoresis reports. The combined use of several laboratory test results are expected to provide valuable input for differential diagnosis of neurologic diseases.WoSScopu

Plasma levels of oxysterols 7-ketocholesterol and cholestane-3 beta, 5 alpha, 6 beta-triol in patients with allergic asthma

Objective: The prevalence of allergic asthma is increasing on a global scale, reflecting changes in air pollution, climatic changes, and other environmental stimulants. In allergic conditions, oxidative stress occurs as a result of immune system activation. Oxidation of cholesterol leads to the formation of oxysterols. The main purpose of the study was to compare plasma levels of two oxysterols, namely 7-ketocholesterol (7-KC) and cholestane-3 beta, 5 alpha, 6 beta-triol (C-triol), and a lipid peroxidation product, malondialdehyde (MDA) in allergic asthma patients with those of healthy controls, in order to provide information about the involvement of lipid peroxidation in allergic asthma. Methods: Oxysterols were quantified by LC-MS/MS in plasma samples of 120 asthma patients (90 females + 30 males) and 120 healthy controls (matched by age and sex). Plasma MDA level was analyzed by a spectrophotometric method. Results: Plasma 7-KC (39.45 +/- 20.37 ng/mL) and C-triol (25.61 +/- 10.13 ng/mL) levels in patients were significantly higher than in healthy subjects (17.84 +/- 4.26 ng/mL and 10.00 +/- 3.90 ng/mL, respectively) (P < 0.001). Plasma MDA levels were also higher in asthmatic patients (4.98 +/- 1.77 nmol/mL) than in healthy controls (1.14 +/- 0.31 nmol/mL) (P < 0.001). All data support that lipid peroxidation products are involved in allergic asthma. Conclusion: Oxysterols were quantified for the first time in allergic asthma. Since the high plasma 7-KC and C-triol levels of allergic asthma patients correlate with high IgE levels, detection of these oxysterols by LC-MS/MS may be helpful in the clinical monitoring of allergic asthma. Current data may also lead to new approaches for the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of the disease. Supplemental data for this article is available online at at

The Effect Of Effort Test On The Levels Of Ischemia Modified Albumin, 7-Ketocholesterol And Cholestan-3Β , 5Α , 6Β -Triol And Their Role In The Diagnosis Of Coronary Artery Disease

Background Oxysterols have been shown to play a role in plaque formation while ischemia modified albumin (IMA) is widely accepted as an acute marker for ischemia. The effort test is one of the methods used to identify the presence of coronary artery disease. Thus, there may be a relationship between effort test result and the levels of IMA, 7-ketocholesterol (7-KC) and cholestane-3β,5α,6β-triol (C-triol). Methods Thirty patients who underwent effort test and 30 healthy subjects were included in the study. IMA levels were determined with the albumin-cobalt binding test, 7-KC and C-triol levels were determined with LC-MS/MS. Among the patients, two subgroups were identified according to the results of the effort test, group 1 consisted of patients with a positive effort test (n = 12), and group 2 consisted of patients who had a negative effort test (n = 18). Results 7-KC levels of patients were significantly higher compared to healthy subjects (39.87 ± 2.13 ng/mL, 20.26 ± 1.35 ng/mL; p=0.001). In patients, post-test 7-KC levels were significantly lower than pre-test levels (post-test vs. pre-test: 37.73 ± 2.44 ng/mL vs. 41.07 ± 2.18 ng/mL; p<0.001). There was a significant difference in post-test 7-KC levels among all study groups (negative, positive and healthy: 37.73 ± 2.44 ng/mL, 39.87 ± 2.13 ng/mL, 20.26 ± 1.35 ng/mL, respectively). There was no significant difference in IMA levels. Conclusions Patients with positive effort test had significantly higher levels of 7-KC. Additionally, after the effort test, the 7-KC value was reduced. 7-KC is a biomarker of oxidative damage and its value or changes before and after the effort test may be used as a biomarker in the diagnosis and follow-up of coronary artery disease.PubMedWoSScopu

A comprehensive review on oxysterols and related diseases

The present review aims at providing a complete and comprehensive summary of current literature relevant to oxysterols and related diseases. Oxidation of cholesterol leads to the formation of a large number of oxidation products, generally known as oxysterols. They are intermediates in the biosynthesis of bile acids, steroid hormones, and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. Although oxysterols are considered as metabolic intermediates, there is a growing body of evidence that many oxysterols are bioactive, and their absence or excess may be part of the cause of a disease phenotype. These compounds derive from either enzymatic or non-enzymatic oxidation of cholesterol. This study provides comprehensive information about the structures, formation, and types of the oxysterols even when involved in certain disease states, focusing on their effects on metabolism and linkages with these diseases. The role of specific oxysterols as mediators in various disorders, such as degenerative (age-related) and cancer-related disorders, have now become clearer. Oxysterol levels may be employed as suitable markers for the diagnosis of specific diseases or in predicting the incidence rate of diseases, such as diabetes mellitus, Alzheimer's disease, multiple sclerosis, osteoporosis, lung cancer, breast cancer, and infertility. However, further investigations may be required to confirm these mentioned debates