The Ghosts on my Tree Farm

The ghosts have watched the land be denuded and the timber build houses out on the prairie. But even of more interest they watched it recover. The same animals are here, the same trees are here as they were 150 years ago. The main difference is that the people who use it all are different. The land will always be here, will always produce for mankind, if we just remember to tread softly when we enter the world of nature

Women\u27s and Men\u27s Career Referents: How Gender Composition and Comparison Level Shape Career Expectations

This study examines how women\u27s and men\u27s career referents-the people they see as having similar careers-affect career expectations. We raise two questions. First, what is the relative effect of the gender composition and comparison level of career referents on such expectations? Second, what happens to career expectations when women and men identify career referents at the same comparison level? Current research suggests that women have lower career expectations than men because they compare themselves with women who hold lower-level positions than the career referents identified by men. Thus, if women and men identify with career referents at a similar level, their career expectations should be equal. However, this chain of reasoning has not been tested. Using data collected from a large organization, we identify both the specific individuals that women and men perceive as having similar careers and these referents\u27 career levels, defined as their hierarchical level in the firm. The results show that the level of career referents is more important than their gender composition in explaining individuals\u27 career expectations. In contrast to extant explanations, the results show that even when women identify career referents at the same levels as men do, they still exhibit significantly lower career expectations. Drawing on social comparison theory, we speculate that this occurs because men\u27s expectations are bolstered by extreme upward comparisons, whereas women\u27s expectations are dampened, perhaps because they see high-achieving others as representing a less probable goal

Using artificial neural networks for transport decisions: Managerial guidelines

One information technology that may be considered by transportation managers, and which is included in the portfolio of technologies that encompass TMS. is artificial neural networks (ANNs). These artificially intelligent computer decision support software provide solutions by finding and recognizing complex patterns in data. ANNs have been used successfully by transportation managers to forecast transportation demand, estimate future transport costs, schedule vehicles and shipments, route vehicles and classify earners for selection. Artificial neural networks excel in transportation decision environments that are dynamic, complex and unstructured. This article introduces ANNs to transport managers by describing ANN technological capabilities, reporting the current status of transportation neural network applications, presenting ANN applications that offer significant potential for future development and offering managerial guidelines for ANN development

Engaging MOU and People’s Participation in Project Implementation: Imperative for Sustainable Community Development in Nigeria.

People’s participation in project implementation in the community is generally accepted as a means of mobilizing human and material resources – all directed to increasing productivity and thus improving the living standards of the people. The practicability of this strategy will be a wild dream if it cannot be institutionalized. Hence, a need for some devices such as: engaging Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) and the implementation committees to help foster people’s participation in project execution. This paper focuses on engaging MOU and people’s participation in project implementation: imperative for sustainable community development in Nigeria. Being a theoretical research, secondary materials were employed and the result shows that it is the involvement of the intended beneficiaries that can help in the sustainability of projects in the community. It was therefore concluded that, authentic engagements of MOU and people’s participation are indispensable in order to make the intended beneficiaries self-reliant in the meeting of their basic needs and the making of the process of their project development self sustainable. Keywords - Community development, MOU, People’s participation, Project, Sustainable