483 research outputs found
Eliciting trade-offs between water charges and service benefits in Scotland. ESRI Working Paper No. 655 March 2020
If it is the responsibility of a regulatory body to decide where to prioritise future investment, then it is important to
understand the priorities of the citizenry it represents. This paper, in collaboration with the OECD and the Scottish water
industry, presents the results of an online (n= 500) and face-to-face laboratory (n= 99) study that utilised experimental
behavioural science to explore how Scottish citizens trade-off costs and potential improvements to their water service.
Participantsâ priorities for investment were elicited using a novel âslider taskâ methodology that forced them to explicitly
consider the trade-offs required to allocate limited resources across multiple possible water service improvements. The provision
of additional cost and timing information was systematically varied. Results suggest that citizens are increasingly accepting of
price rises when provided this information. Results also suggest that citizensâ priorities for specific improvements are not
sensitive to the costs of different improvements but are sensitive to the lengths of time improvements take to be made. Findings
from this study are designed to inform the regulatory process of the Scottish water industry and highlight the potential role of
behavioural science in regulation more generally
Scintillation efficiency of liquid argon in low energy neutron-argon scattering
Experiments searching for weak interacting massive particles with noble gases
such as liquid argon require very low detection thresholds for nuclear recoils.
A determination of the scintillation efficiency is crucial to quantify the
response of the detector at low energy. We report the results obtained with a
small liquid argon cell using a monoenergetic neutron beam produced by a
deuterium-deuterium fusion source. The light yield relative to electrons was
measured for six argon recoil energies between 11 and 120 keV at zero electric
drift field.Comment: 21 pages, 19 figures, 4 table
Koulutusviennin tiekartta 2016â2019
Suomi tunnetaan maailmalla korkeasta osaamisesta ja hyvistÀ oppimistuloksista. Suomi on monella mittarilla mitattuna nykyaikainen pohjoismainen yhteiskunta, jonka vahvuuksista ja erityisesti koulutusosaamisesta halutaan oppia myös maailmalla. Laadukas, hyviÀ oppimistuloksia tuottava ja tasa-arvoinen koulutus on luonut meille hyvÀn referenssipohjan, jolta on hyvÀ ponnistaa myös maailmalle. Osaaminen ei vÀhene vaikka sitÀ jakaa - pÀinvastoin. SitÀ jakamalla saamme myös uusia evÀitÀ oman koulutusjÀrjestelmÀmme kehittÀmiseen. Koulutuksen kaupallisille tuotteille ja palveluille on maailmalla vakiintunutta kysyntÀÀ. Onnistunut koulutusvienti hyödyntÀÀ kaikkia osapuolia
Ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast (DCIS) with heterogeneity of nuclear grade: prognostic effects of quantitative nuclear assessment
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Previously, 50% of patients with breast ductal carcinoma <it>in situ (</it>DCIS) had more than one nuclear grade, and neither worst nor predominant nuclear grade was significantly associated with development of invasive carcinoma. Here, we used image analysis in addition to histologic evaluation to determine if quantification of nuclear features could provide additional prognostic information and hence impact prognostic assessments.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Nuclear image features were extracted from about 200 nuclei of each of 80 patients with DCIS who underwent lumpectomy alone, and received no adjuvant systemic therapy. Nuclear images were obtained from 20 representative nuclei per duct, from each of a group of 5 ducts, in two separate fields, for 10 ducts. Reproducibility of image analysis features was determined, as was the ability of features to discriminate between nuclear grades. Patient information was available about clinical factors (age and method of DCIS detection), pathologic factors (DCIS size, nuclear grade, margin size, and amount of parenchymal involvement), and 39 image features (morphology, densitometry, and texture). The prognostic effects of these factors and features on the development of invasive breast cancer were examined with Cox step-wise multivariate regression.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Duplicate measurements were similar for 89.7% to 97.4% of assessed image features. For the pooled assessment with ~200 nuclei per patient, a discriminant function with one densitometric and two texture features was significantly (p < 0.001) associated with nuclear grading, and provided 78.8% correct jackknifed classification of a patient's nuclear grade. In multivariate assessments, image analysis nuclear features had significant prognostic associations (p †0.05) with the development of invasive breast cancer. Texture (difference entropy, p < 0.001; contrast, p < 0.001; peak transition probability, p = 0.01), densitometry (range density, p = 0.004), and measured margin (p = 0.05) were associated with development of invasive disease for the pooled data across all ducts.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Image analysis provided reproducible assessments of nuclear features which quantitated differences in nuclear grading for patients. Quantitative nuclear image features indicated prognostically significant differences in DCIS, and may contribute additional information to prognostic assessments of which patients are likely to develop invasive disease.</p
Effect of Quantitative Nuclear Image Features on Recurrence of Ductal Carcinoma In Situ (DCIS) of the Breast
BACKGROUND: Nuclear grade has been associated with breast DCIS recurrence and progression to invasive carcinoma; however, our previous study of a cohort of patients with breast DCIS did not find such an association with outcome. Fifty percent of patients had heterogeneous DCIS with more than one nuclear grade. The aim of the current study was to investigate the effect of quantitative nuclear features assessed with digital image analysis on ipsilateral DCIS recurrence.CONCLUSION: Analysis of nuclear features measured by image cytometry may contribute to the classification and prognosis of breast DCIS patients with more than one nuclear grade.Author manuscript. Published in final edited form as: Cancer Informatics 2008:4 99â109.The final published version of this article is located at: http://la-press.com/article.php?article_id=583NIH U56 CA113004; to David E. AxelrodThis work was funded by the New Jersey Commission for Cancer Research 1076-CCRS0, the National Institutes of Health U56 CA113004, the Hyde and Watson Foundation, the Busch Memorial Fund, and the E.B. Fish Research Fund.NJ Commission on Cancer Research 1076-CCR-SO; to David E. Axelro
A Beta Beam complex based on the machine upgrades for the LHC
The Beta Beam CERN design is based on the present LHC injection complex and
its physics reach is mainly limited by the maximum rigidity of the SPS. In
fact, some of the scenarios for the machine upgrades of the LHC, particularly
the construction of a fast cycling 1 TeV injector (``Super-SPS''), are very
synergic with the construction of a higher Beta Beam. At the energies
that can be reached by this machine, we demonstrate that dense calorimeters can
already be used for the detection of at the far location. Even at
moderate masses (40 kton) as the ones imposed by the use of existing
underground halls at Gran Sasso, the CP reach is very large for any value of
that would provide evidence of appearance at T2K or
NOA (). Exploitation of matter effects at the
CERN to Gran Sasso distance provides sensitivity to the neutrino mass hierarchy
in significant areas of the plane
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