CONTRIBUTION A L'HISTOIRE DES TECHNIQUES ET DE L'ARMEMENT : ESSAIS DE RESTITUTION DU FORGEAGE DE POINTES DE FLECHE A PARTIR DE BARRES DE FER D'EPOQUE ANTIQUE

International audienceCette étude porte sur la recherche des conditions de forgeage optimales ayant conduit à la réalisation de pointes de flèche diverses, identiques à celles dont on dispose pour l'époque antique, parfois en grande abondance, comme cela est le cas pour le site du siège d'Uxellodunum, au Puy d'Issolud (Lot). L'expérimentation a été conduite avec le concours d'un taillandier spécialiste de la restitution d'armes anciennes. L'originalité du travail porte sur le choix du forgeage de barres archéologiques issues des épaves gisant au large des Saintes-Maries-de-la-Mer, en Méditerranée, et des fouilles du Couperé à Saint Bertrand de Comminges, dans les Pyrénées. La caractérisation métallographique préalable de ces barres nous a permis de suivre l'incidence des conditions de forgeage sur la microstructure des pointes de flèche réalisées. Les principaux faciès typologiques et microstructuraux des flèches antiques ont été reproduits, permettant ainsi d'affiner la connaissance technique du protocole de forgeage du fer, au début de notre ère

Influence of limestone filler and of the size of the aggregates on DEF

This experimental study aims to determine the effect of limestone filler on concrete expansion due to delayed ettringite formation (DEF). Different mortars made with different sizes and percentages of limestone filler and Portland cement CEM I 52.5N are conserved in water. The expansion of the specimens is measured. Results show that DEF is not inhibited by limestone filler. The kinetics and the amplitude of the swelling depend on the size of the limestone filler. The volume fraction of aggregates changes only the kinetics: the relation between swelling and water uptake depends only on the size of the aggregates.Comment: 16 pages, 9 figures, 4 table

beta-Cu2V2O7: a spin-1/2 honeycomb lattice system

We report on band structure calculations and a microscopic model of the low-dimensional magnet beta-Cu2V2O7. Magnetic properties of this compound can be described by a spin-1/2 anisotropic honeycomb lattice model with the averaged coupling \bar J1=60-66 K. The low symmetry of the crystal structure leads to two inequivalent couplings J1 and J1', but this weak spatial anisotropy does not affect the essential physics of the honeycomb spin lattice. The structural realization of the honeycomb lattice is highly non-trivial: the leading interactions J1 and J1' run via double bridges of VO4 tetrahedra between spatially separated Cu atoms, while the interactions between structural nearest neighbors are negligible. The non-negligible inter-plane coupling Jperp~15 K gives rise to the long-range magnetic ordering at TN~26 K. Our model simulations improve the fit of the magnetic susceptibility data, compared to the previously assumed spin-chain models. Additionally, the simulated ordering temperature of 27 K is in remarkable agreement with the experiment. Our study evaluates beta-Cu2V2O7 as the best available experimental realization of the spin-1/2 Heisenberg model on the honeycomb lattice. We also provide an instructive comparison of different band structure codes and computational approaches to the evaluation of exchange couplings in magnetic insulators.Comment: 11 pages, 10 figures, 2 tables: revised version, extended description of simulation result

Conserved Charges in the Principal Chiral Model on a Supergroup

The classical principal chiral model in 1+1 dimensions with target space a compact Lie supergroup is investigated. It is shown how to construct a local conserved charge given an invariant tensor of the Lie superalgebra. We calculate the super-Poisson brackets of these currents and argue that they are finitely generated. We show how to derive an infinite number of local charges in involution. We demonstrate that these charges Poisson commute with the non-local charges of the model