Methods for nurses to measure body composition

Among the methods available for assessing body composition, traditional methods like hydrodensitometry and skin-fold measurements are well known. In this review, we focus on the impedance and interactance methods, which use systems that are usually inexpensive, easily transportable and simple to operate. We also discuss the usefulness of dual energy X-ray absorptiometry, particularly for the measurement of fat distribution. Nurses need to be skilled in the use of the equipment and familiar with the techniques.Entre los métodos disponibles para la determinación de la composición corporal, los tradicionales como la hidrodensitometría y la valoración de pliegues corporales son bien conocidos. En esta revisión nos centramos en los métodos basados en la impedancia y en la interactancia, caracterizados por la utilización de equipos económicos, fáciles de transportar y manejar. También discutimos la utilidad de la absorciometría dual de rayos-X, particularmente para la determinación de la distribución de la grasa corporal. Es importante que el personal de enfermería adquiera competencias en el uso de estos equipamientos y también se familiarice con las técnicas descritas.Entre os métodos disponíveis para a determinação da composição corporal, os tradicionais, como a hidrodensitometria e a avaliação de pregas corporais, são bem conhecidos. Para esta revisão, centrou-se nos métodos baseados na impedância e a interactância, caracterizados pela utilização de equipamentos econômicos, fáceis de transportar e manobrar. Também discutiu-se a utilidade da absorciometria dual de raios X, especialmente para a determinação da distribuição da gordura corporal. É importante que o pessoal de enfermagem adquira conhecimentos sobre o uso desse equipamento, bem como que se familiarize com as técnicas descritas

Optimization, production, purification and characterization of HIV-1 Gag VLPs functionalized with SARS-CoV-2 Spike glycoprotein

Virus-like particles (VLPs) constitute a promising approach for recombinant vaccine development. They are robust, safe, versatile and high immunogenic supra-molecular structures that closely mimic the native conformation of the viruses without carrying its genetic material. HIV-1 Gag VLPs share similar characteristics with wild type Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus, making them a suitable platform to express the Spike membrane protein to generate a potential vaccine candidate for COVID-19. This work proposes a methodology for the generation of SARS-CoV-2 VLPs by its co-expression with HIV-1 Gag protein by transient transfection of HEK 293 cultures. We first evaluated the cellular co-expression of SARS-CoV-2 Spike glycoprotein with HIV-1 Gag: confocal microscopy analysis showed that after its expression, native envelope Spike glycoprotein travels to the plasmatic membrane of the HEK 293 producer cells, where it co-localizes with Gag::eGFP (Figure 1.A,B) and Spike-functionalized VLPs (S-VLP) generation occurs. Please click Download on the upper right corner to see the full abstract

Entorno virtual de aprendizaje y su influencia en el aprendizaje significativo de estudiantes del X ciclo de Educación Inicial, Trujillo -2020

La presente investigación tuvo como problema planteado ¿Cuál es la relación entre el entorno virtual de aprendizaje y el aprendizaje significativo de estudiantes del X ciclo de Educación Inicial de la UPAO, Trujillo-2020?, su objetivo general fue determinar la relación entre el entorno virtual de aprendizaje y el aprendizaje significativo de estudiantes del X ciclo de Educación Inicial de la UPAO, Trujillo-2020. La metodología utilizada es cuantitativa de tipo básica con un diseño correlacional, siendo su población muestral no probabilística que consta de 28 alumnas; la técnica empleada fue una encuesta y como instrumento utilizado fue el cuestionario, por lo cual esto fue validado a juicio de expertos; para el análisis de datos se utilizó la estadística descriptiva básica y la inferencial. En los resultados obtenidos entre la variable x y variable y se observa que el coeficiente de correlación 0.373** < 1.00, llegando a la conclusión que el entorno virtual de aprendizaje se relaciona significativamente en el aprendizaje significativo de las estudiantes del X ciclo de Educación Inicial de la UPAO.The present research had as a problem: What is the relationship between the virtual learning environment and the significant learning of students of the X cycle of Initial Education of the UPAO, Trujillo-2020, its general objective was to determine the relationship between the virtual learning environment and the significant learning of students of the 10th cycle of Initial Education of the UPAO, Trujillo-2020. The methodology used is quantitative of basic type with a correlational design, being its sample population non-probabilistic consisting of 28 female students; the technique used was a survey and as an instrument used was the questionnaire, for which this was validated to expert judgment; for data analysis basic descriptive statistics and inferential statistics were used. In the results obtained between the variable x and variable y it is observed that the correlation coefficient 0.373** < 1.00, reaching the conclusion that the virtual learning environment is significantly related to the significant learning of the students of the 10th cycle of Initial Education of the UPAO.Tesi

Determinants of Knowledge and Attitudes Towards Pain Among Nurses in a Tertiary Hospital in Spain

Background: All nurses should receive training and education regarding pain as part of their pre-graduate stage, as its assessment and appropriate management when treating patients largely depends on them. With the right knowledge it is possible to reduce its high prevalence, as well as the serious consequences it can lead to. Aim: To determine the level of knowledge and attitudes towards pain of final-year nursing students in Spain. Methods: Descriptive cross-sectional study using a convenience sample of five Spanish universities during the academic year 2020-2021. The Spanish version of the Knowledge and Attitudes Survey Regarding Pain (KASRP) was used. In addition, socio-demographic variables such as age, sex, relationship status, employment status, and the number of dependants were collected. The specific palliative or oncology subjects of each university was also assessed. Results: A total of 224 questionnaires were collected. One of the nursing universities obtained the best score in the KASRP (59.75%) which was significant (p = .001). This university was the only one that offers specific subjects in palliative or oncologic care. A training deficit in aspects related to pain assessment and pharmacologic concepts was detected. We found no relationship between the KASRP and the different sociodemographic variables. Conclusions: Specific training in palliative care improves the students' knowledge regarding pain, although the results did not reach an acceptable minimum. The universities' training programs for Spanish students need to be adapted in order to achieve better results

El aporte de las herramientas digitales en el desarrollo del turismo comunitario en un centro poblado de la selva peruana

Preferences for tourism have changed over time and with digitization, people have access to important and often decisive information to know places that distinguish them due to their attractive history, cultural essence, and proximity to nature. Living experiences from the place of origin has become a source of tourism promotion, however, the lack of accessibility to digital tools in the communities furthest from the jungle, opens a digital divide. The present study aims to propose strategies for the use of digital tools that contribute to the development of community tourism in a populated center in the department of San Martin in Peru. A study with a mixed, projective, non-experimental approach and an inductive and deductive method was carried out; A questionnaire was applied to 160 people and an interview guide to three experts: the mayor of the town of Maceda, a professional in the tourism industry specialized in the San Martín region and the founder of a travel agency dedicated to community tourism and ecotourism. The results showed that the factors that hinder the development of community tourism is related to the low connectivity and information about the management of the sector, despite the fact that the community is interested in participating in these activities, in turn, the image of the people does not it is the most suitable for receiving tourists; It is evident that the reasons lie in the limited access to the digitization and no support they receive.Las preferencias para hacer turismo han ido cambiando con el tiempo y con la digitalización las personas tienen acceso a información importante y muchas veces decisiva para conocer lugares que por su atractivo historia, esencia cultural y proximidad a la naturaleza los distingue. Vivir experiencias desde el lugar de origen, se ha convertido en una fuente de promoción turística, sin embargo, la falta de accesibilidad a las herramientas digitales en las comunidades más alejadas de la selva, abren una brecha digital. El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo estimar los recursos, actividades turísticas y el entono ambiental de un centro poblado del departamento de San Martín en Perú para proponer herramientas digitales que aporten al desarrollo del turismo comunitario. Se realizó un estudio de enfoque mixto, proyectivo, no experimental y método inductivo y deductivo; se aplicó un cuestionario a 160 personas y una guía de entrevistas a tres expertos: el alcalde del centro poblado de Maceda, una profesional del rubro turístico especializada en la región San Martín y la fundadora de una agencia de viajes dedicada al turismo comunitario y ecoturismo. Los resultados evidenciaron que los factores que obstaculizan el desarrollo del turismo comunitario se relacionan a la baja conectividad e información acerca del manejo del rubro, a pesar de que la comunidad está interesada en ser partícipe de estas actividades, a su vez la imagen del pueblo no es la más adecuada para el recibimiento de turistas; se evidencia que los motivos recaen en el limitado acceso a la digitalización y nulo apoyo que reciben

Rare Recombinant GI.5[P4] Norovirus That Caused a Large Foodborne Outbreak of Gastroenteritis in a Hotel in Spain in 2021

Noroviruses are among the most important causes of acute gastroenteritis (AGE). In summer 2021, a large outbreak of norovirus infections affecting 163 patients, including 15 norovirus-confirmed food handlers, occurred in a hotel in Murcia in southeast Spain. A rare GI.5[P4] norovirus strain was identified as the cause of the outbreak. The epidemiological investigation determined that norovirus transmission might have been initiated through an infected food handler. The food safety inspection found that some symptomatic food handlers continued working during illness. Molecular investigation with whole-genome and ORF1 sequencing provided enhanced genetic discrimination over ORF2 sequencing alone and enabled differentiation of the GI.5[P4] strains into separate subclusters, suggesting different chains of transmission. These recombinant viruses have been identified circulating globally over the last 5 years, warranting further global surveillance. IMPORTANCE Due to the large genetic diversity of noroviruses, it is important to enhance the discriminatory power of typing techniques to differentiate strains when investigating outbreaks and elucidating transmission chains. This study highlights the importance of (i) using whole-genome sequencing to ensure genetic differentiation of GI noroviruses to track chains of transmission during outbreak investigations and (ii) the adherence of symptomatic food handlers to work exclusion rules and strict hand hygiene practices. To our knowledge, this study provides the first full-length genome sequences of GI.5[P4] strains apart from the prototype strain.We thank the Genomics and Bioinformatic Departments at the ISCIII for technical assistance. This study was partially funded through project PI20CIII/00005.S

Cognitive Reserve Characteristics and Occupational Performance Implications in People with Mild Cognitive Impairment

The Cognitive Reserve hypothesis suggests that there are individual differences in the ability to cope with the pathologic changes in Alzheimer’s Disease. The proportion of elderly individuals has increased in recent years; this increase emphasizes the importance of early detection of mild cognitive impairment and the promotion of healthy ageing. The purpose of our study is to characterize cognitive reserve and occupational performance implications in people with mild cognitive impairment. 125 patients with mild cognitive impairment were enrolled. The Montreal Cognitive Assessments (MoCA) was used to evaluate cognitive status and the Cognitive Reserve Index Questionnaire (CRIq) as an indicator of cognitive reserve. Higher level of education was associated with higher MoCA scores (r = 0.290, p = 0.001). Positive significant correlations were observed between MoCA and total CRIq (r = 0.385, p < 0.001) as well as its three sub-domains, education (r = 0.231, p = 0.010), working activity (r = 0.237, p = 0.008) and leisure time (r = 0.319, p < 0.001). This study findings provide the importance of considering socio-behavioral factors in cognitive status. This research helps to describe the importance of engaging occupationally along the whole life-course as a potential protective factor in ageing, and includes a perspective of occupational therapy regarding the hypothesis of cognitive reserve.Depto. de EnfermeríaFac. de Enfermería, Fisioterapia y PodologíaTRUEpu

Sistema de enfoque basado en dos espejos elípticos y un espejo plano rotatorio para un radar a 300 GHz

A focusing system for a 300 GHz radar with two target distances (5m and 10m) is proposed, having 1cm resolution in both cases. The focusing system is based on a gaussian telescope scheme and it has been designed using gaussian beam quasi-optical propagation theory with a homemade Matlab analysis tool. It has been translated into a real focusing system based on two elliptical mirrors and a plane mirror in order to have scanning capabilities and validated using the commercial antenna software GRAS